• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to identify the relations among health-promoting behaviors. self-esteem and depression in the vulnerable elderly in an urban community. Method: The subjects were 185 vulnerable elderly adults aged over 65 in D city, who were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire survey. The tools used in this study are the HPLP developed by Walker(1987), the Self-esteem Scale developed by Rosenberg (1965), and the Geriatric Depression Scale developed by Yesavage & Brink(1983). Collected data were analyzed with the SAS program using descriptive statistics. Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple-range test and stepwise multiple regression. Result: Self-esteem and depression was in a negative correlation with each other (r=-0.21), but no significant correlation was observed between HPB and depression. HPB and self-esteem were in a positive correlation with each other (r=0.38). The most powerful predictor of depression was self-esteem and, next, leisure activity and the type of family living together. The three factors accounted for 41.1% of the variance in depression in the vulnerable elderly. Conclusion: These results suggest that self-esteem, leisure activity, and the type of family living together can be potential risk factors for old age depression. These findings may give useful information for developing visiting nursing service programs focused on depression in the vulnerable elderly.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1455-1460
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• 2018

This study aimed to determine the effect of depression between the health-related quality of life and pain in elderly persons with physical disabilities. A total of 111 patients who were treated at hospital B (Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju, and Busan) participated in the Survey. The SF-36 Health Assessment was used to determine the quality of life of subjects, the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short form to assess the level of depression, and Numeric Rating Scale to determine the level of pain. To determine the moderating effect of depression on the relationship between quality of life and pain, simple regression analysis, and the Sobel test were performed. There was a significant negative correlation between health-related quality of life and pain (r<-.3, p<.05), and a significant positive correlation between depression and pain (r=.251, p<.05). Thus, health-related quality of life had a simple regression relationship with depression and pain. Depression also showed a mediating effect between health-related quality of life and pain. The results of this study suggest that depression mediates between pain and quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2014

Objectives : Mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and dementia of Alzheimer's type(AD) are characterized by progressive decline of cognitive abilities and a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression. Among various diagnostic tools of AD, many studies showed that elevated levels of serum total homocysteine are associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. We investigated whether elevated homocysteine concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in MCI and AD. Methods : A total of 86 patients diagnosed with MCI or AD participated. Total serum homocysteine levels in fasting blood samples were measured. We examined cognitive symptoms by MMSE-KC, Global Deterioration Scale(GDS), Clinical dementia rating(CDR) and depressive symptoms by Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale(K-GDS). Results : The total serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in MCI with depression than in MCI without depression. There was no significant difference in the mean homocysteine levels between AD patients with depression and AD patients without depression. The total homocysteine levels showed a negative correlation with MMSE-KC and a positive correlation with CDR, GDS. Conclusions : These findings suggest that elevated homocysteine level is a risk factor for the decline of cognitive function and depression. We found a significant relationship between elevated serum homocysteine level and depressive symptoms in MCI. But our study had several limitations, thus more research is needed to confirm this finding.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hand massage on depression, self-esteem and vitality in elderly patients in convalescent hospitals. Methods: This study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 24 elderly patients in the experimental group and 25 in a control group in a convalescent hospital located in G city. Data were collected using a questionnaire that relied on the geriatric depression scale (short form) by Sheikh and Yesavage; the self-esteem scale by Rosenberg; and the vitality scale used by Johnson and revised by Oh. The experimental group were treated with a general hand massage using only carrier oil on both hands for 10 minutes a day for seven days. The control group was given no treatment. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, $x^2$-test, and Fisher's exact test with SPSS Win Version 18.0. Results: The results are as follows: The experimental group showed a significant improvement in depression, self-esteem and vitality than the control group. Conclusion: The results showed that hand massage was an effective intervention program for depression, self-esteem and vitality of elderly patients in convalescent hospitals.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to investigate factors associated with depression and quality of life (QoL) among the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational research design. The subjects were 730 elders aged over 65 living in D district of Daegu. Data were collected using questionnaires for 30 days in April, 2007. The research instruments utilized in this study were a physical function scale of long-term care insurance system, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version (GDSSF-K), and Korean Quality of Life Scale (KoQoLs). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan, stepwise multiple regression, and Spearman correlation. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 72.6, and 68.8% and 57.9% of subjects were, respectively, female and living alone. 12.3% of variance in depression was explained by age, education, economic status, subjective health, alcohol consumption, condition of teeth, and fall experience. 18.2% of variance in QoL was explained by economic status, number of diseases, condition of teeth, incontinence, paralysis, and IADL. Economic status and condition of teeth were contributing factors to depression and QoL of the elderly. Conclusion: Findings of this study may be useful in understanding the health status of the community-dwelling elderly and developing more regionally specific health promotion strategies.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2011

Purpose: This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of laugher therapy on the pain, depression and sleep disturbance in elderly patients who admitted in long term care facility. Method: This study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A sample of 40 elderly patients (20: experimental group, 20: control group, 65 or older) were recruited. Visual analogue scale was used to measure level of pain level, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version (GDSSF-K) for depression. Sleep Scale for sleep. The laugher therapy was given twice a week for four weeks (8 times). Each therapy consists of preparatory, action and finishing stage. Data were analyzed by PASW 18.0. Results: The pain score in experimental group was significantly different from that in control group (t=4.17, p<.001). The level of depression in experimental group was significantly different from that in control group (Z=4.12, p<.000). The level of sleep in experimental group was not significantly different from that in control group (Z=-1.43, p<.152). Conclusion: A laugher therapy is expected to be practical used an efficient method of a nursing intervention to elderly patients in long term care facility.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive functions, depression, and life satisfaction among the elderly receiving visiting nursing services. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 221 elderly individuals who were receiving visiting nursing services from a public health center located in Gyeonggi-do. The Mini-mental State Examination Korea version (MMSE-K), Geriatric Depression Scale-short form-Korea version (GDS-K), and Life Satisfaction Scale were utilized to determine cognitive functions, depression, and life satisfaction, Collected data was analyzed by the SPSS PC Win 12,0 program. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment (MMSE-K$\leq$24) was 86.4%, and the proportion of severe depression (GDS-K$\leq$10) was 22,6%, Older age, lower education, and low income were associated with cognitive impairment, and low education, no religion, and low income were associated with depression. Cognitive function negatively correlated with depression. Life satisfaction level was fairly low and was not associated with any variables. Conclusion: The high prevalence of cognitive impairment and low life satisfaction status were determined among low-income elderly who were registered at a visiting health care center. Thus, in the future at visiting health care services, efficient and various programs for the elderly should be tried, to improve cognitive functions and reduce depression. Additionally, consistent evaluation studies for those programs will be required.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of depression and its risk factors among older adults using social service centers in one urban community. Methods: The participants were 326 older adults who were aged 60 and older in one urban Korean community. Depression was measured by Korean version of short form Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: The prevalence of depression was 33.74% in this study. Logistic regression analysis showed that older adults who were taking prescribed medications, experiencing more symptoms, being educated less than elementary school and having low family function were more likely to have depression as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: The findings of this study were expected to promote the screening or preventing strategies for older adults at the risk of depression in the community-dwelling older adults.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression status and cognitive function in the community female aged. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected using individual-based interviews from 120 senior female residents in the Hall for the aged in the city of S. The length of time for data collection was from June 18 to 29, 2007. The tool of data collection was Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination (Kwon & Park, 1989), Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (Bae, 1996). Results: Depression & cognition showed significant differences according to age, regular exercise. The depression group scored significantly lower than the normal group in total score of cognition, orientation, memory recall. Conclusion: It is necessary to prepare the composite programs, which can improve not only cognition but depression in the community female aged.\

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.371-383
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the research trends in the treatment of tai chi on depression. Methods: We searched articles in Pubmed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) July 2009~June 2019. Selected studies were evaluated by the Jadad scale. Results: Fifteen controlled clinical trials were selected. The GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) and SDS (Self-rating Depression Scale) were most frequently used as diagnostic criteria. The GDS was also the most commonly used outcome measurement. From the Jadad scale of 15 articles, the quality of the studies was low, overall. Conclusions: According to this study, it seems that tai chi treatment for depressive disorder is an effective and safe intervention. Thus, based on this study, more clinical research on diverse forms of treatments for depressive disorder should be performed in Korean medicine in the near future.