• Title/Summary/Keyword: Geography National Curriculum

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Renaissance of Geographic Education in the United States since 1980: Its Dynamic Process and Implications to Geographic Education in Korea (1980년대 이후 美國 地理敎育 復興運動의 展開過程과 그 示唆點: 地理學, 地理敎育, 그리고 敎育政策의 關係)

  • Seo, Tae-Yeol
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.163-178
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    • 1993
  • The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the unprecedented reform movement of geographic education in the United States since 1980 and extract some implications from this movement for geographic education in Korea. For the purpose, the history to this movement was reviewed through following three stages. In the first stage(1980~1984: form :HSGP" to :"Guideline"), the voluntary improvement movement appeared at California and the orgni-zational movement began in 1982 such as the Committee on Geography and International Knowledge. The national educational refrom imperatives, presented at "A Nation at Risk", and "Back to Basics" movement provided good opportunities to resurrect geography as a basic subject. For next real resurrection movement, the very important document "Guidelines for Geographic Education" was published at 1984. In the second stage(1985~1989: from "Guide-lines" to "Public"), the "Guideline" gave power-full motives and foci for reconstructiong the contents of geography, especially by the five fundamental themes(Location, Place, Relation-ships within Places, Movement, and Region). Also GENIP as the symbol of unity of all four major geography organization(AAG, NCGE, NGS, AGS) contributed to expanding and stren-gthening geography education. Also Geography Educagtion Program of NGS was a smart and well organized program to improve geographic education through it's a five strategies: Grass-roots organization(Alliances), Teacher education, Pu-blic awareness, Educational materials develo-pment, Targeted outreach to education decision-makers. In the late 1980s, the last focus of movement was the Public awareness and Edua-ction decision-making. In the third stage(1990-present: from "Public" to "Core Subject"), the initiative pendulum swung from geography organization to nation curricu-lum. In this National Curriculum, Geography was approved as a "Core Subject" and The 1994 National Geography Assessment Framework was constructed to assess the outcome of student's education in geography in grades, 4,8, and 12. Some Implications extracted from the process and contents of renaissance movement of geogr-aphic education in the Uinted States since 1980 are as follows. First, It shows the importance of the unity and target assignment among the geography organization. Second, interactive relationship between the academic geography and school geography develops each other. Third, teacher education, including pre-service education, including pre-service education and in-service education, is a key element to improve the quality of geography. And teacher organization is a good clearing house to exchange information for good geography. Forth, the positive and active response to changes in socketies such as globalism and inter-nationalizing, national education policy, and the trend of pedagogy is needed to rejuvenate geo-graphic education. Above all, we need to establish a well organized and powerfull program, sophisticated activities strategies, and long-term implementa-tion plan if we want more and better school geography.

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Moral Turn in Geography Education: Moral Concepts, Skills, Values/Virtues (지리교육에서의 도덕적 전환 -도덕적 개념, 기능, 가치/덕목-)

  • Cho, Chul-Ki
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.128-150
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    • 2013
  • This paper is to examine the interrelationship between morality (or ethics) and geography and education in terms of the moral and ethical dimension embedded moral turn in geography. Since the 1970s, the geography have morally turned with stressing realization of social relevance and justice through interest on moral issues such as the spatial inequality and human welfare in the world of difference. This moral turn in geography has formed the area of moral geography, and emphasized the ethics of care and responsibility of human and nature with warning of immoral geographies of others and nature in the world of difference with the recent trend of postmodernism. For morally careful geography teaching, it is now good time that geography educators need to think the moral turn in geography education. If geography education is willing to contribute to make a better world, it needs to reflect more morally on geography curriculum and instruction in terms of the ethics of care and responsibility.

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The Part and the Whole : The Ontological Assumptions of Modern Geographical Thought about the Regional Geography (부분과 전체 : 근대 지역지리 방법론의 고찰)

  • Kwon, Jung-Hwa
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 2001
  • Main debates in the modern geographical thoughts had been developed around the regional geography. Because regional geography had been regarded as a raison d'etre of geography, it remains solid status in geography curriculum. But unscientific nature of regional geography was the main problem of modern geography. Modern geography has developed the logical legitimation of regional geography, instead of research procedures. We examine the logic of modern geographical thoughts from 3 worldview. Here we represented the part - the whole relationship as the primary category, and classify these into three type according to the implicit proposition about the relationship. One is the organic view, which assume that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. This view was the primary proposition held by the modem geographers. This view regarded the region as organic complex, and presume the unit region which is irreducible to the elements. The other is mechanic view, which presuppose that the whole is the sum of the parts. This view comprehend region by means of spatial order, in order to simplify the complex reality. Then we compare real condition with assumption. These two view held static assumption. Now, the third view regarded the part- the whole relationship as being dynamic. Most geographers held the organic view, although someone suggests the idea of harmony, the others suggests the idea of complex. But these view presumes the pre-industrial society in which the genre de vie was main principle of social order. Therefore It could not comprehend the regional concept in the context of the urbanization and industrialization.

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A Features Analysis of France's Geography Assessment: Focused on the Baccalaur$\acute{e}$at (프랑스의 지리 평가 특성 분석: 바칼로레아 지리 시험을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Khan-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.786-801
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    • 2013
  • This study aims to elucidate features of the geography assessment of France in which geography has a high status in school curriculum. The main data for analysing are the geography examinations(1999-2013) of the Baccalaur$\acute{e}$at. In terms of objectives of the assessment, the exams put emphasis on promoting cultural knowledges of students and developing their competences in graphic languages. In terms of formal aspect, the exams take a simple layouts to raise a readability, use variable test tools, especially an essay and a 'croquis'. They also emphasize students self-directedly constructing and representing geography knowledges and their inquiry abilities with geography materials. In terms of contents aspect, the exams mainly cover subjects of political-economic geography, particularly a spatial organization, a development inequality and the world powers in global contexts or macro spatial scales. One of a distinguishing characteristics of Baccalaur$\acute{e}$at's History-Geography examinations is that it designs to keep balance between two parties; history and geography.

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The Status Quo and New Directions in Geography Education of the Social Studies Curriculum of Universities of Education (교육대학교 사회과 심화과정 지리 영역의 현상과 개선 방향)

  • Jeon, Jong-Han
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.42 no.1 s.118
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    • pp.82-95
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    • 2007
  • This study aims to describe the status quo of the social studies curriculum of universities of education in Korea, to extract the questions at issue, and to suggest new directions for improvement. To approach these purposes, the author grasps the viewpoints that the intensifying course of the department of social studies is investigated with relation not only to the national curriculum on elementary social studies but also to both specialization course and liberal arts course. Intensifying course have been organized to strengthen the teaching-teaming abilities on the subject matter contents since the beginning. But the present day, intensifying course meets several problems waiting solution: problems in reference to overlap with specialization course, to disconnection with liberal arts course, and to the internal disequilibrium. So, the author proposes six solutions for the problems.

The Current Status of Geography Education Research in Korea (한국의 지리교육 연구)

  • Seo, Tae-Yeol;Kim, Min-Sung
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.625-640
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to introduce the current status of geography education research in South Korea. This article consists of mainly two parts: 1) source of knowledge and 2) content of knowledge in geography education research. The main academic journals are introduced as the sources of knowledge. The research trends in these journals are discussed as the content of knowledge. We classified geography education research into three types based on the framework suggested by Bednarz (2000): 1) nature of geographic knowledge, learning, and curriculum, 2) teacher education in geography, and 3) strategies in the geography classroom. Relevant research regarding each category is introduced. We hope this study serves as an access point where geography educators in South Korea and other countries facilitate interactions with each other.

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A Comparative Research on the Undergraduate Geography Curriculums of Korean and American Universities (한국.미국 대학 지리학과의 학부과정 교과목에 대한 비교 연구)

  • Lee, Jeon
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.288-302
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    • 2013
  • This paper aims to compare and analyze the undergraduate geography curriculums of Korean and American universities. is rarely offered as an undergraduate geography subject in both Korean and American universities. This may be due to the fact that the four fields of geography(human geography field, physical geography field, regional geography field, and other geography field) are not easily able to be integrated and taught as an independent geography subject. The ratio of the subject number of human geography field(39.4%) is greater than that of physical geography field(24.5%) at the geography departments of Korean universities, but the ratio of the subject number of physical geography field(32.8%) is a little more greater than that of human geography field(29.4%) at the geography departments of American universities. The ratio of the subject number of regional geography fields at the geography department of American universities(18.1%) is greater than that of Korean universities(13.8%), so more stress seems to be laid on the field of regional geography in American universities than in Korean universities. Although the geography curriculums of Korean universities seems to follow generally those of American universities, this paper reveals that there is also differences between the geography curriculums of Korean and American universities in terms of their emphasis on four fields of geography. The differences could be explained by the historical context of the geography departments of Korean universities during the last half a century.

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Social Nature and Its Implications for Geography and Environment Education (사회적 자연의 지리환경교육적 함의)

  • Cho, Chul-Ki
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.912-930
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    • 2016
  • This paper suggests to bring the idea of social construction of nature or social nature discussed in social science including geography to geographical and environmental education for breaking traditional divide of people(or society) and nature. And this paper analyzed relationship between people and nature, meaning of environment and the concepts of social nature represented in the geography curriculum and textbook of England, Australia and Korea. Recently in terms of focusing disciplines or education on integration or convergence, introduction of social nature in teaching and learning geography and environment has an important implication. With rapid growth of capitalism, nature is constructed socially by the political, economical, social and cultural practice. Thus geography education reduces the distance between human geography and physical geography and needs to focus on exploring not just the relationship between people and nature but social construction of nature. Another implication of the introduction of social nature in teaching and learning geography and environment is that students can develop the relational sensitivity about the relationship people and nature or people and place.

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A Study for the Development Direction of Korean Military Geography (한국 군사지리학의 발전방향에 관한 연구)

  • Hwang, Sung Han;Kim, Man Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.176-191
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    • 2015
  • Military Geography is a literature studying the application of geographical elements to military behaviour. The elements of military geography including topography greatly influences on building military art and theory. The military art applied on korean pennisula from the period of ancient three countries(Koguryeo, Shilla, Paekche) has been developed maintaining consistent stream reflecting topographic features. Despite the close relationship between building of military art and military geography's elements, the study for korean military geography has been depressed and the discourses of literature has been insufficient. But, in the western study of military geography, the study vitalization efforts studying military peace keeping and humanitarism activity are ongoing. Based on the current trend of western study and the analysis of existing korean study, this treatise proposes three plans to improve the study and education of korean military geography. The key contents of plans are comprised with the improvement of education curriculum, the construction of council between relevant organism, and the installation of subdivision in relevant geographical society. The possibility shaping up the identity of korean military geography as a common literature can be increased by enhancing the study toward peace and humanitarism and specifying the method for development as noted on this study.

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Aspects of Development Education Described in the Geography Syllabus and Textbooks in the State of NSW, Australia (오스트레일리아 NSW 주 지리 교육과정 및 교과서의 개발교육 특징)

  • Cho, Chul-Ki
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.551-565
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    • 2013
  • This paper examines the aspects of development education in the Geography Syllabus in the State of NSW, Australia and geography textbooks developed by it. The aspects of development education in the Geography Syllabus and textbooks is as follows. Firstly, Development Education is implicitly described in terms of the difference of the quality of life and aid links in Geography (Mandatory) Stage 4 and Geography (Mandatory) Stage 5, but clearly in Geography Elective. Moreover, Development Geography is one of unit to learn deeply in case of Global Challenges in Stage 6. Secondly, in geography textbooks, development education is sequenced with learning of the quality of life in everyday life, understanding of diverse meaning of development and measure of development, and the role of individuals and organizations for reducing the global inequality. The implications of the findings is as follows. Firstly, geography curriculum needs to be consist of the difference of the quality of life in the middle school, and development geography in high school. Secondly, the major concepts of development education like development, measure of development and the aid etc. need to be described in the different views. Thirdly, development education needs learners to learn the interdependence and practice the global citizenship through learning of specific links of our country with others. Finally, geography textbooks should not describe the normative efforts for reducing global inequality, and treat individual practical cases as well as organizations like government and NGOs so that learners empathize with their value and attitude through individual practical cases.

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