• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2006

In this study comparison estimates travel times with observed travel time. In generally, peak flood discharges decrease become travel times longer. It is closely related to storage constant for the watershed routing of a flood. There are so many empirical formulas available for the estimation of travel time, storage coefficients and lag time but results computed generally show great different depending on individual formulas. When calculated flood discharge depend on the travel times varying the discharge. In this study the Wichun travel time shorter optimization travel time than observed travel time for the rusa and memi. There are showed good results for flood discharges, water level and velocity of the memi at the Younggok.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2011

Selenium is an antioxidant trace element linked to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Although diet is a major source, relatively little else is known about independent determinants of selenium levels in free-living humans. In this study, we aimed to investigate the independent demographic. lifestyle, and dietary determinants of selenium levels in 1,997 men and 1,905 women in two large prospective U.S. cohorts. Toenail selenium levels were quantified using neutron activation analysis. Diet, geographic residence, demographic, and environmental factors were assessed by validated self-administered questionnaires. Multivariate generalized linear models were conducted to assess the independent relations of these factors with toenail selenium levels, correcting for measurement error in the diet. In multi variable-adjusted analyses, independent predictors of higher selenium were male gender (6.3% higher levels); living in West and Northern-Midwest U.S. regions (8.9% and 7.4% higher than Southern-Midwest regions, respectively); consumption of beef and bread products (between 0.7 - 2.5% higher per daily serving); and selenium supplement use (6.9% higher than non-users); whereas cigarette smoking (5-10% lower than never smokers), older age (0.6% lower per 5 years), and consumption of eggs, white rice, dairy products, coffee, and alcohol (between 0.1 to 2.0% lower per daily serving) were associated with lower selenium. Multiple dietary and non-dietary factors independently predicted selenium levels, suggesting that both consumption and non-dietary processes (e.g.. related to oxidant status) may affect levels. Significant geographic variation in selenium levels exists in the US.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.161-173
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• 2020

This study analyzed local imbalances in the supply and demand of emergency medical services in Busan using the 119 emergency activity reports of the Busan Fire & Disaster Headquarters. The data for EMS activity reports in 2017 was converted into Jimgyegu units. The spatial distribution of the indicators representing the local imbalance of emergency demand and supply (number of reports, number of reports relative to the population, average coefficient of variation and outlier of on-site arrival time, and number of dispatches outside the jurisdiction) was analyzed using Hotspot analysis of GIS spatial statistics analysis. As a result of the analysis, the hot spot area and the cold spot area where both supply and demand of emergency services are concentrated were clearly distinguished. This means that the supply and demand of emergency services in Busan are locally unbalanced. In particular, there was a difference in the demand and supply of emergency services in the original downtown and its surrounding areas, and in the outskirts of Busan.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.419-429
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• 2015

We investigate how the regional prevalence of hyperlipidemia is affected by health-related and socioeconomic factors with a special emphasis on geographic variations. We focus on the likelihood of hyperlipidemia as function of various region-specific attributes. We analysis a data set at the level of 249 small administrative districts collected from 2012 Korean Community Health Survey by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To estimate, we use several methods including correlation analysis, multiple regression and decision tree model. We find that the average prevalence of hyperlipidemia in 249 small districts is 9.6% and its coefficient of variation is 28.3%. Prevalence of hyperlipidemia in continental and capital regions is higher than in southeast coastal regions. Further findings using decision tree model suggest that variations of hyperlipidemia prevalence between regions is more likely to be associated with rate of employee, level of stress, prevalence of hypertension, angina pectoris, and osteoarthritis in their regions.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the mineral content in the regional, varietal and seasonal mulberry leaves. On average, mulberry leaf samples contained minerals in the order of potassiumi phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and so on (2.494 g/100 g, 2.255 g/100 g, 1.835 g/100 g, 0.627 g/100 g, 0.0245 g/100 g DW, respectively). Calcium content was 19-fold and 4-fold higher than that of green tea and spinach, respectively, suggesting that mulberry loaves appear to be a calcium-rich food source. In the comparison of geographic samples of Cheongilppong variety, calcium bevel was highest in Youngchun sample (2.477 g/100 g) and highest potassium level in Suwon sample (2.962 g/100 g). In the geographic samples of YK209 variety, Jinju-City sample was highest in calcium content (1.509 g/100 g). Among wild mulberry loaves collected from Cheju Island and Tsushima, potassium level was highest in Bongge-dong, Cheiu City (3.865 g/100 g) and calcium level in Mitshshima Town, Tsushima (2.948 g/100 g). In the comparison of varietal samples collected in Suwon at the mulberry field of Dept. of Sericulture & entomology, Shinkwangppong variety was highest in the potassium levels although Keryangppong and Shinkwangppong were higher in calcium revel. In the comparison of seasonal samples of Cheongilppong, there was a rough trend of increase in some minerals up to July (e.g., calcium rind )potassium). Finding of the highest calcium and potassium contents in the wild mulberry (3.865 g/100 g and 2.948 g/100 g, respectively) rather than in the cultivated ones warrant that more focus should be paid to wild mulberry leaves to utilize their minerals effciently.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.142-158
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• 2013

The bumblebee, Bombus ignitus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), is a valuable natural resource that is widely utilized for greenhouse pollination in South Korea. Understanding the magnitude of genetic diversity and geographic relationships is of fundamental importance for long term preservation and utilization. As a first step, we sequenced a partial COI gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) corresponding to the "DNA barcode" region and the complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA from 88 individuals collected in nine South Korean localities. The complete ITS2 sequences were longest among known insects, ranging in size from 2,034 bp ~ 2,052 bp, harboring two duplicated 112-bp long repeats. The 658-bp long mtDNA sequences provided only six haplotypes with a maximum sequence divergence of 0.61% (4 bp), whereas the ITS sequences provided 84 sequence types with a maximum sequence divergence of 1.02% (21 sites). The combination of the current COI data with those of published data suggest that the B. ignitus in South Korea and China are genetically a large group, but those in Japan can be roughly separated into another group. Overall, a very high per generation migration ratio, a very low level of genetic fixation, and no discernable hierarchical population were found to exist among the South Korean populations of B. ignitus, which suggests panmixia. This finding is consistent with our understanding of the dispersal capability of the species.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.232-241
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• 1989

Two cytosol malate dehydrogenase allelomorphs are found in the Dark Chub, Zacco temmincki, a freshwater fish inhabiting Korean waters. Mdh-1MM(hereafter referred to as A-type) is distributed along the south and southeastern parts of Korea, whereas the B-type(Mdh-1MS) is found everywhere except the southeast. Several syrnpatric populations can be found in the southern areas with no hybridization between them. The pattern of geographic distribution would indicate that A-type is superior adaptation to colder water temperature; this is collaborated by evidence collected from a sympatric length of the Tongchon stream, Namhae. The relative warmth of the water along this portion of the stream's length was determined its altitude and the time of year. Frequency of B-types found was directly proportional to the relative warmth of the water and inversely proportional to the nurnber of A-types found in the sarne station. Current data tends to suggest that the B-type of Zacco temrnincki first differentiated from Zacco platypus approximately one million years ago (Yang et al., 1984) while A-type subsequently branched from B-type 300,000 years later(Yang and Mm, 1987) through a progressive adaptation toward colder temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 2006

The present study suggests an analytical method to overcome the spatial problems that traditional hedonic methods have. The concept of overlapping neighborhoods is introduced in order to solve the problems of global parameter estimate methods that treat the whole city by the gross. Moreover, a 3rd party program for the tight coupling of GIS and statistics is developed in order to explore hedonic methods efficiently. By using these, this study analyses the spatial variation of location variables that affect the real estate price. The results show that the influences of urban centers do not reach to the whole city, but only to the catchment areas of them. And the coefficients of location variables are different depending on the space. The tight coupling of GIS and statistics offers a powerful tool in analysing the real estate price efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2016

Climate change are known to have had enormous impacts on plant phenology and thus to have damage on other species which are interacted within ecosystem. In Korea, however, it is difficult to analyze the relationship between climate and phenology due to the limitation of measurement data of plant phenological records. In this study, to be effective analysis of SOG(start of growing season), we used phenological transition dates by using satellite data. Then, we identified the most influential variable in variation of SOG throughout the relationship between SOG and temperature factors. As a result, there is a strong correlation between the SOG and April temperature, TSOGmin($3^{\circ}C$, 12days). This study is expected to be used for predicting plant phenological change using climate change scenario data.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.174-182
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• 2008

As the survey and the analysis the research can offer the characteristic methods for regeneration in the city of Busan. To figure out the functional regions of city center the research has analyzed 15 Dongs in city center and 12 Dongs in sub centers to find out the donut phenomenon and the regeneration of city center. The survey has chosen 22 variation factors using factor analysis. Major factors in each year are shown 4 factors, presenting 80.4% of the accumulated explanation rate. These factors explain residental centered, commercial centered, management centered, and development centered factor. The donut phenomenon emerges in the city centers as a residential function, and the phenomenon occurs in the sub centers as commercial or managerial function. So it is necessary to plan the regeneration of the total city center owing to the total donut phenomenon regarding the functions. And the methods to regenerate city centers should be established according to the various regional characterizations.