• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2002

The present study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic resistance of 24 Salmonella gallinarum isolated from 48 chicken samples of diagnosed fowl typhoid cases during the period from November 1998 to November 1999. And the isolates of S gallinarum were also tested for their invasion abilities to experimental infection as one of virulence tests, and the presence of virulence-related plasmid in S gallinarum isolates. The results obtained through this study were summarized as follows; 1. All of isolates from 48 cases of 24 farms were identified S gallinarum by biochemical and serological tests.2. Antimicrobial drug resistance test against 24 isolates showed that the isolates were resistant to Colistin(95.8%), and Penicillin(79.2%), Polymyxin B(75.0%), Streptomycin (65.2%), Gentamycin(54.2%), and Tetracycline(33.3%). 3. Mortality in chicken following peroral inoculation of four isolates of S gallinarum during 14-days inoculation pecked at 5 days(40%) after inoculation and all of experimental chickens died within 13 days after inoculation.4. Based on the pattern and number of isolated plasmid from each isolate, plasmid profiles were divided into five groups; group I with 3 plasmids, group II to group IV with 4 plasmids and group V with 5 plasmids.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.957-965
• /
• 2010

To develop a new starter culture for fermented milk, Streptococcus macedonicus LC743 was isolated from raw milk and its physiological characteristics were investigated. S. macedonicus LC743 showed good immunomodulating activity compared to the index LAB starters tested. The optimum growth temperature of S. macedonicus LC743 was $40^{\circ}C$, and it took 18 h to reach pH 4.34 under these conditions. S. macedonicus LC743 showed higher sensitivity to novobiocin in a comparison of 15 different antibiotics and showed the highest resistance to gentamycin. It also showed higher activities of leucine arylamidase and acid phosphatase. Moreover, it was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and acid and displayed high resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 80.0%, 68.42%, and 81.54% respectively. These results demonstrate that S. macedonicus LC743 could be an excellent starter culture for fermented milk with a high level of immunomodulating activity.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2006

D-Alaninepeptidase purified from Bacillus amyloliquefaciene CMB01 caused a reduction of survival of Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Staphylococcus aureus placed under the osmotic pressure. D-Alaninepeptidase caused an increase of susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics. An increased number of malformed cells in bacterial groups exposed to D-alaninepeptidase was observed by scanning electron microscopy. These data suggested that bacterial cells exposed to D-alaninepeptidase resulted in an increase of vulnerability of bacterial cells toward environmental stress, such as osmotic pressure and antibiotic substances.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2001

Different polluted water samples were collected from a wastewater treatment plant, agricultural drainage canals, the River Nile, and irrigation canals. The samples were examined for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Sohag area, Egypt over a period of one year. A total of 240 isolates were collected and tested for their resistance to 12 common antibiotics and 6 heavy metals. The isolates were found to be less resistant to norfloxacin(1.7%), ofloxacin(4.6%), amikacin(9.6%), tobramycin (10.4), carbenicillin (15.4), and gentamycin (41.3%), yet more sensitive to rifampicin (75%), kanamycin (89.6%), ampicillin (90.8%), chloramphenicol (91.7%), streptomycin (92.9%), and tetracyclin(96.3%). In contrast, 7.1%, 12.9%, 25.4%, and 53.7% of the isolates were resistant to lead, cadmium, mercury, and zinc, respectively. None of the isolates had developed a resistance to silver or molybdenum. The high frequency of metal-antibiotic double resistance existed between lead and amikacin (56.5%), cadmium and ofloxacin (72.7%), zinc and norfloxacin (100%), and mercury and carbenicillin (94.6%). The high occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in natural water could be related to the widespread use of antibiotics, with possible public health hazard.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.138-142
• /
• 1995

Bacillus thuringiensis strain BT-209 was isolated from a soybean grain dust sample in Korea. The strain BT-209 produced two different sizes of cuboidal crystals and one spore in the cell. In the biochemical characterization, the strain BT-209 showed negative reactions on the production of urease, and the utilization of citrate and sucrose. Examination of its antibiotic resistance revealed that while the strain BT-209 showed higher sensitivity than B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 to ampicillin, bacitracin, chlortetracycline, gentamycin, neomycin, penicillin G, tetracycline and tobramycin, it was more resistant to methicillin than B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1. The $\delta$-endotoxin crystal of strain BT-209 consisted of three proteins with apparent molecular weights of appoximately 148, 135 and 62 kDa on a 10% SDS-PAGE. The strain BT-209 had at least eight different plasmids with sizes of 4.1, 5.2, 6.3, 8.6, 14.6, 24.5, 67.6 and 77.6 Kb. The strain BT-209 showed strong lethalities of 70% and 87% against Bombyx mori and Hyphantria cunea larvae. at 72 h, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 1993

A survey was conducted to measure concentration of airborne microbe in a hospital using RSC air sampler during October~November 1991.The result was as follows: 1) In an agar strip GK-A media for total counts of microbial particles. The highest count were 1384 CFU/m$^3$ in the main lobby, followed by 912 CFU/m$^3$, in the obstetric room, 688 CFU/m$^3$ in 1CU. By gram staining, the distribution for organisms in the air were shown 74.1% in gram possitive cocci followed by 16.8%, in gram possitive bacilli 6.7% in gram negative bacilli and 4.7% in yeast, but low organism was detected in recovery room with 194 CFU/m$^3$. 2) In agar strip S media for Staphylococci the count at the main lobby was detected in the recovery room with 92 CFU/m$^3$, Tests of coagulase were negative Staphylococci with 78%, and positive Staphylococci with 22%. The Staphylococci were highly resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and sensitive to amikacin, cefazolin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. 3) In agar strip C media for coliform bacteria the colony counts at the main lobby was 139 CFU/m$^3$ and treatment room was 190 CFU/m$^3$, most frequently isolated microorganisms were non fermentative bacilli. 4) In agar strip HS media for yeast and molds. Most frequently colony counts 17~76 CFU/m$^3$, 0.5% lactophenol cotton blue stains were shown unidentified 77.2%, 8.1%, in Penicillium 8.1% in Aspergillus, and 3.8% in mucor.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.279-282
• /
• 2007

The aim of the present study was to investigate the various chemical components present in the cone volatile oil of Cupressus macrocarpa and also determine its antimicrobial activity. Totally 13 compounds were identified with 99.99% by GC-MS analysis. The major compounds identified were terpinene-4-ol (19.42%), dinopol (15.63%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (13.58%), and ${\beta}$-pinene (12.16%). The antimicrobial activity was carried out for the oil and a 2% cream formulation using cup plate method by measuring the zone of inhibition. The gram positive organisms used were Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus cogulans. The gram negative organisms used were Escherichia coli, Kleibseilla pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. In vitro antifungal studies were also carried out by using organisms, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma lignorum and Cryptococcus neoformans. The standard drugs used were penicillin ($100{\mu}g/mL$), gentamycin ($100{\mu}g/mL$) and griseofulvin ($100{\mu}g/mL$) for gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and fungi respectively. Both oil and cream formulation showed good activity against fungi than bacteria. This study is being reported for the first time on cone volatile oil of this plant.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2005

Fifty-one extended-spectrum-${\beta}$-lactamase(ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were isolated from national university hospitals. All K. pneumoniae strains showed resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotic and most of them presented resistance to amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. The results of amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pattern for randomly isolated fifty-one strains were as follows; both twenty-one strains from Chungnam National University hospital and ten strains from Chungbuk National University hospital showed RAPD type Ia and Ib. However, twenty strains isolated from Gyeongsang National University hospital belonged to RAPD type IIa and IIb. All isolates were divided into four molecular types and showed high level of genetic diversity. These results suggested that RAPD analysis provided a rapid and simple method for analysing genotypes of ESBL.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 1973

To understand the characteristics of 29 toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in Seoul area, type classification, biochemical properties and antibiotic susceptibility pattern to 9 kinds of antibiotics were investigated. The results obtained were summerized as follows; I. Among the 29 strains, gravis type was the overwhelming majority(24 strains), followed by intermedius type(3 strains) and mitis type(2 strains). II. Fermentation of glucose, maltose, lactose, trehalose and mannitol, nitrate reduction and urease were tested. All strains fermented glucose, but not sucrose, lactose, mannitol and trehalose. 9 strains fermented maltose and 20 strains did not. Nitrate was reduced by 28 strains but not by one strain. In urease test one strain showed positive, 28 strains negative. III. Antibiotic susceptibility test to penicillin G, chloramphenical, kanamycin, lincomycin, streptomycin, terramycin, erythromycin and gentamycin were carried out. The MIC of erythromycin(0.025 ${\mu}g/ml$ 26 strains and 0.05 ${\mu}g/ml$ 3 strains) was the lowest, followed by ampicillin, lincomycin and penicillin G. Streptomycin showed the highest MIC.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.225-232
• /
• 1987

Authors studied on the isolation of V. damsela from sea water, fish and shellfish at the Keoje Hae keumkang on the southern sea and at Hongdo island and Heucksan island on the western sea of Korea from May to September in 1986. Authors investigated for the isolated strains to bacteriological identification, hemolysis about various erythrocytes and antibiotic susceptibilities. The results obtained were as follows: 1. V. damsela was isolated 14 strains from total 383 specimens; 233 cases of sea water, 40 cases of fish and 110 cases of shellfish, respectively. Eight strains were isolated from sea water and 6 strains were isolated from shellfish. 2. The biochemical characteristics which differentiate it from other Vibrio species were indole negative, ornithine negative, Voges-Proskauer positive, arginine positive, galactose positive, glucose positive, maltose positive, mannose positive, trehalose positive, and growth in nutrient broth with 1% to 6% NaCl. 3. On hemolysis reaction on blood agar media using human, rabbit and guinea pig erythrocytes, human erythrocytes were 11 strain positive, rabbit erythrocytes were 12 strain positive and guinea pig erythrocytes were 13 strain positive. 4. Senistivity test using with chemotherapeutic agents of "BioLab" Microbial Sensitivity Test Discs were generally sensitived to amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, methicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and tobramycin, respectively, but were resistant to lincomycin.