• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2018

This paper on the socioeconomic role of One Dollar Campaign project initiated by Rwanda Diaspora in the reconstruction of the country after 1994 genocide against Tutsi tends to show how Rwanda Diaspora contributes to the socioeconomic development of their home country. The 1994 genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda has destroyed the country and the Rwandan society; and rebuilding the trust, unity, hope and socioeconomic status of genocide survivors in particular and of all Rwandans in general had to engage all Rwandans wherever they were. The focus of this paper is to assess the change on socioeconomic status of the beneficiaries of the one dollar campaign project initiated by Rwanda Diaspora which aimed to help genocide survivor orphans to have a shelter. The results showed that the amount of money contributed by Rwanda Diaspora for this project is of paramount importance as it exerts a positive impact on genocide orphan survivors' daily life, change of their socioeconomic status and to the country's development in general.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제34권
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• pp.147-172
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• 2014

The Guatemalan government and guerrilla forces(the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteco, URNG) signed peace accord in 1996, and ended civil conflict(1960-1996). The bloodiest governments of the 36-year-lond armed conflict were those of Lucas Garc?a, R?os Montt and Mej?a V?ctores, between 1978 and 1983. The war that Guatemala underwent resulted in more than 200,000 casualties, more than 83% of them Mayan, according to the report of the CEH(Comision para de Esclarecimiento Historico). 'Victoria 82' and 'Opreation Sof?a' were the strategy of military dictatorship to destory indigenous Mayan communities. This paper is to demonstrates that the Guatemalan state perpetrated a genocide against the indigenous population using racism to strengthening modern nation-state and this was because, historically and structurally, it possessed, in its intrinsic naturem the repressive, ideological and legal apparatus. To distinguish Maya from ladino is often linked to cultural and social discrimination and a system of racial ranking. Militaty dictatorship used the system of racial ranking to exterminate indigenous populations.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2006

집단살해, 인도에 반하는 범죄와 전쟁 범죄가 정당화 될 수 있거나, 방어적인 힘, 자위권, 기타의 방어와 소유권의 방어에 의해 면책될 수 있었던 것은 상당히 부조리하게 보인다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 국제형사재판소의 로마규정 제31조(1)(c)는 형사책임을 제외할만한 근거로서 방어적인 힘을 성문화하고 있다. 이 조항은 논의의 여지가 있고 주로 세계의 여러 가지 국내의 법률 제도 사이에 범죄의 방어에 관해서 존재하는 개념적 차이 때문에 1998년 로마 회의에서 협정하기 상당히 어려웠다. 이 논문은 로마규정 제31조(1)(c)항의 배경과 그 역사, 로마규정의 아래에서 방어적인 힘의 정확한 범위를 차례로 해명하기 위해 분석한다. 그 다음 집단살해죄, 인도에 반하는 죄와 전쟁범죄에서 조항의 적용성을 확인한다. ICC검찰국의 수사관이 실제로 ICC규정상 범죄행위에 대하여 수사를 할 것이다. 수사관이 수사를 할 각 범죄에 대한 구성요건을 살펴볼 것이다.

• 수완나부미
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-47
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• 2020

This article is a sub-section of a comparative analysis of depictions of violence in Jakarta's Museum of the Indonesian Communist Party's Treachery, Ho Chi Minh City's War Remnants Museum, and Phnom Penh's Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum. In comparing these public history sites, I analyze how memories of mass violence were central to state formation in both Suharto's anti-Communist New Order (1966-1998), the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976-present), and Cambodia since the collapse of Democratic Kampuchea (1979-present). While this comparison points out specific distinctions about the role of the military, the nature of revolution, and conceptions of gender, it argues for a central similarity in the use of a mythology of victimization in building these post-conflict nation-states. This article focuses on my gendered analysis of the use of images of women and children in each museum. Depending on context and political purpose, these museums cast women as tragic victim, revolutionary heroine, or threat to the social order. My analysis of gender places stereotypical images of violence against women (the trope of women and children as the ultimate victims) in conversation with dark fantasies of women as perpetrators of savage violence and heroic images of women liberated by participation in violence.

• 수완나부미
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.79-103
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• 2015

Just how does one make sense of the genocide perpetrated by the Khmer Rouge during its rule in the 70's and the numerous human rights violations in the Philippines during the Marcos period? Like the conflicts that have marked human history at the close of the 20th century, Southeast Asia is no exception, similar to the many attempts to come to terms with the past and put to account wrongdoers worldwide. The paper is an attempt to historicize these two seemingly unrelated events and analyze them from the synoptic frameworks of transitional justice and reparations. Similar to the experiences faced by many societies transitioning towards democratic rule, notably in Latin America, the dilemma of whether to pursue justice or preserve the peace and the newfound status quo has characterized the length at which justice had eluded the victims in Cambodia and the Philippines. Yet, no matter what the limits are in pursuing accountability, or these so called historical injustices, closure is still achievable. The paper would like to argue that closure is possible when one, all or a combination of the following, depending on the gravity of the crime, is present-truth-telling, prosecution for the crimes committed, and a grant of compensation.

• 인문언어
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.143-161
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• 2002

This essay explores the theories of Italian poet and filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini on the language of cinema. In essays such as "The Cinema of Poetry" and "The Written Language of Reality" composed during the 1960s, Pasolini argues for the special status of film language as "pre-grammatical" and links it to visual signifying processes such as dreams and memories. He also views cinema as the inroads towards a general semiotics of reality since, for him, the basic unit of film language is not the shot but those objects of reality that constitute the mise-en-scene of the shot, hence cinema is posited as the written language of reality whose minimal units of articulation are the very objects of reality itself. Accused by semioticians such as Umberto Eco of semiotic ingenuousness in trying to reduce the facts of culture to nature, Pasolini responded by arguing that he was trying to do the opposite, that is to say, to culturalize nature by examining it as a language. Against the constructed naturalism of both commercial and neorealist films, Pasolini argued for the creation of a poetic cinema able to exploit its constitutional pre grammatical, oneiric and sacred relationship with the world. The essay concludes with an analysis of the film Medea in which Pasolini′s attempt to restore a sacred vision of reality merges with his concerns over the cultural genocide of traditional and emarginated peoples at the hands of neocapitalist homologation.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제15권
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• pp.40-66
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the legal controㅣ, by using the International Criminal Court(ICC) that will enter into force to the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole, and regulates the jurisdiction with respect to the following crimes: (a) The crime of genocide; (b) Crimes against humanity; (c) War crimes; Cd) The crime of aggression. However, the existing ICC Statute excludes (e) Crimes, established under or pursuant to the treaty, which was regulated by the ICC draft statute that the International Law Commission(ILC) examined and submitted to the UN General Assembly in 1994, and which contained aircraft terrorism such as hijacking in the Hague Convention of 1970 or sabotage in the Montreal Convention of 1971 in Annex of ILC draft. Therefore, this paper examines the legal character of aircraft terrorism as one of the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole, and suggests two kinds of legislative comments for the amendment of the ICC Statute including aircraft terrorism as an object of the jurisdiction of the Court, for suppressing aircraft terrorism in advance and ensuring equitable penalty by ICC system.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2015

It is not easy to clarify the historical perspective of architect through his architecture. Exceptional cases, it will be the time to design a history museum. As an institution, a Museum already became an apparatus to represent the history to it itself. Libeskind's Jewish museum Berlin has been presented as the controversial case most of all. In particular, in that it instead of dealing with history positive, that contains a tragic history, this building is a building that history a unique interpretation of the architect has been a problem. Therefore, it is difficult to find a suitable example to Libeskind's Jewish museum in Berlin to try and look at the problem of the history of contemporary history and interpretation of the architect. In this paper, I am trying to interpret Libeskind's Jewish Museum Berlin through the aesthetics and history philosophy of Theodor Adorno and Walter Benjamin. They are Jewish and the central figures of the Frankfurt School, known as 'critical theorists'. Their critical theory was formed based on the experience of the Jewish genocide and war.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.299-309
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 조슈아 오펜하이머(Joshua Oppenheimer)의 액트 오브 킬링 에 나타난 가해자와 피해자의 관계에 대해서 살펴보고자 했다. 이를 위해서 가해자의 입장에서 사용한 이론적 도구는 르네 지라르($Ren{\acute{e}}$ Girard)의 '모방 폭력(mimetic desire)', 한나 아렌트(Hannah Arendt)의 '악의 평범성(banality of evil)'을 연구하고, 피해자의 입장에서 발생하는 문제는 르네 지라르의 <희생양> 이론을 살펴보았다. 이 연구의 의미는 영화의 재현적 서사를 활용하여 지나간 과거의 대량학살의 재현 불가능성에 도전하고, 진실을 보여주기 위한 방법으로 다큐멘터리와 픽션의 결합을 추구했다. 또한, 가해자와 피해자의 화해는 '중립적인 측면의 공정성'을 확보했다는데 의미가 있다. 지금까지 영화에서 가해자와 피해자의 관계에 대한 연구는 간헐적으로 등장했지만 아직까지 부족한 실정이며, 향후 후속연구에서 좀 더 심도 있는 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제17호
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• pp.337-360
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• 2008

세계 각국은 냉전 종식 이후 정규군의 인력감축을 단행하고 있지만 국지적인 분쟁은 끊임없이 발생하고 있어 국가마다 정책적인 대안을 필요로 하고 있다. 선진국의 경우 일반 군 인력을 대체해 줄 수 있는 민간군사기업을 활용함으로써 국방의 모든 기능을 군 자체에서 해결하던 관행에서 국방자원의 효율적인 관리 측면으로 핵심기능들을 제외하고는 민간에게 아웃소싱하는 형태로 발전되고 있다. 그러나 외국 민간군사기업의 경우 국제적인 규제법규가 불분명하다. 그리고 분쟁지역에 파견되어 있는 군 인력의 사망 등으로 국민적 불안감을 야기하고 있다. 또한 민간군사기업을 이용하면 정치적인 부담을 줄일 수 있어 이를 악용할 수 있는 문제점들이 발생한다. 또한 자본주의 원리에만 입각하여 민간군사기업 직원의 안전문제를 소홀히 하거나 민간인들을 학살하는 윤리적 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 한국에 민간군사기업을 도입하기에 앞서 외국의 민간군사기업에서 나타나고 있는 문제점들을 신중히 검토하여 도입을 고려할 필요가 있다. 뿐만 아니라 우리나라에 적합한 민간 군사기업의 가능한 업무 분야를 고려하여 다양한 방향으로 활용이 가능하도록 해야 할 것이다. 그리고 한국적 상황에 맞는 민간군사기업의 운영모델은 한반도의 국방환경과 기업의 경영여건을 고려하여 발전되어야 하며, 민간군사기업의 체계적인 육성을 위하여 정책적 지원 대책이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 앞으로 민간군사기업에 대한 진지한 관심과 적극적인 육성방안이 강구될 필요가 있다.