• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3669-3676
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• 2013

Faithful transmission of genetic information depends on accurate chromosome segregation as cells exit from mitosis, and errors in chromosomal segregation are catastrophic and may lead to aneuploidy which is the hallmark of cancer. In eukaryotes, an elaborate molecular control system ensures proper orchestration of events at mitotic exit. Phosphorylation of specific tyrosyl residues is a major control mechanism for cellular proliferation and the activities of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases must be integrated. Although mitotic kinases are well characterized, phosphatases involved in mitosis remain largely elusive. Here we identify a novel variant of mouse protein tyrosine phosphatase containing domain 1 (Ptpcd1), that we named Ptpcd2. Ptpcd1 is a Cdc14 related centrosomal phosphatase. Our newly identified Ptpcd2 shared a significant homology to yeast Cdc14p (34.1%) and other Cdc14 family of phosphatases. By subcellular fractionation Ptpcd2 was found to be enriched in the cytoplasm and nuclear pellets with catalytic phosphatase activity. By means of immunofluorescence, Ptpcd2 was spatiotemporally regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner with cytoplasmic abundance during mitosis, followed by nuclear localization during interphase. Overexpression of Ptpcd2 induced mitotic exit with decreased levels of some mitotic markers. Moreover, Ptpcd2 failed to colocalize with the centrosomal marker ${\gamma}$-tubulin, suggesting it as a non-centrosomal protein. Taken together, Ptpcd2 phosphatase appears a non-centrosomal variant of Ptpcd1 with probable mitotic functions. The identification of this new phosphatase suggests the existence of an interacting phosphatase network that controls mammalian mitosis and provides new drug targets for anticancer modalities.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.320-331
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• 2019

Background: Dioecious plant species having both male and female plants have been investigated regarding sex-related characteristics such as sex ratio, sex-differential resource requirements, and spatial segregation of the sexes. Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to the survival of plant populations, but dioecious species are particularly more prone to such habitat degradation than non-dioecious species because of their dimorphic sexual system. We examined the sex-related demographics of two Ilex cornuta populations being different regarding land use history. Methods: During 2016-2017, we examined I. cornuta trees with a basal diameter ${\geq}1.5cm$ in the Yongsu-ri population (YS population) and the Gotjawal Provincial Park population (GP population). Plant sex (male, female, or unsexed) was identified. The tree size (basal diameter and height of the main stem), clonal production (the ramet numbers per genet), and vitality for each clone were measured. The associations between population, sex, tree size, clonal production, and vitality were examined using ANOVAs and contingency table analyses. Finally, point pattern analyses using O-ring statistics were conducted to assess spatial patterns. Results: Upon excluding unsexed trees, the YS population with 74 trees was significantly male-biased (0.66), while the GP population with only 26 trees had a 1:1 sex ratio. In both populations, males and females did not differ in tree size. Although the mean number of ramets differed significantly between populations, females tended to produce more ramets than males. The proportion of weak trees was significantly higher in the YS than in the GP population. Neither population showed evidence of spatial segregation of the sexes. Conclusions: The two populations of dioecious I. cornuta are characterized by the small number of trees and relatively high frequencies of non-reproductive trees. Both indicate that these populations are quite susceptible to environmental and genetic stochasticity. On the other hand, the differences between populations in sex ratio, clonal production, and vitality suggest that conservation efforts for I. cornuta need to be population-specific. In order to help recover and enable this vulnerable species to persist, it is necessary to find ways to enhance their sexual reproduction and simultaneously reduce habitat disturbances due to anthropogenic activities.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.227-231
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• 2000

Small seed size is one of the major traits of soybean cultivars for sprouts with regard to high sprout yield. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed size and weight in a set of F 6 seeds of 89 lines derived from a cross between 'Pureunkong', a soybean cultivar developed for sprouts and 'Jinpumkong 2', a soybean cultivar with no beany taste in seed due to the lack of lipoxygenases. The genetic map of 25 linkage groups with a total of 98 markers including RFLP, RAPD, SSR and classical markers was constructed from this F/sbu 5/-derived population and was used for QTL analysis. 'Pureunkong' was significantly smaller (P＜0.01) than 'Jinpumkong 2' in seed size and seed weight. Genetic variation was detected and transgressive segregation was common in the population for these traits. Seven DNA markers including opT14-1600 in LG A2, opF02-400 in LG B2, Satt100, opC09-700, opG04-730 and opQll-650 in LG C2, and opY07-1100 ＆ 1000 in LG(unknown) were significantly associated and accounted for 4.7 to 10.9% and 5.1 to 10.1 % of the phenotypic variation in seed size and seed weight, respectively. 'Pureunkong' alleles increased seed size and seed weight at the all four significant marker loci on the LG C2. These marker loci in LG C2 were closely linked and were presumed to be a single QTL. Overall, at least three independent QTLs from 3 linkage groups (A2, B2, and C2) were putatively involved in the control of seed size and seed weight.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2010

Fusarium proliferatum is the causal agent of stalk and root rot disease of maize, foot rot disease of rice, basal and root rot disease of onion and knife cut disease of sugarcane in Iran. In recent years, incidence and severity of these diseases have been increased in Iran. Fifty seven F. proliferatum single-spore isolates collected from diseased maize, rice, onion and sugarcane plants at different areas were used to study genetic diversity by determination of vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Chlorate-resistant nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from selected isolates of F. proliferatum and used in complementation tests. All isolates in which both nit1 and NitM (or nit3) mutants were recovered, demonstrated self-compatibility. Vegetative compatibility tests by pairing nit mutants identified 30 VCGs among 57 isolates. Twenty-three isolates belonged to singlemember VCGs and the remaining 34 isolates, belonged to other seven multimember VCGs. Segregation of F. proliferatum isolates obtained from various area and host plants into different VCGs in Iran is reported for the first time. In this study, none of isolates obtained from rice complemented with any other isolates from onion and sugarcane and, non complementation occurred between onion and sugarcane isolates. Also, only one complementation occurred between one isolate of maize and one isolate of sugarcane and rice. Thus, a correlation between VCGs grouping and host preferences was founded. It is concluded that natural populations of F. proliferatum in Iran are probably genetically divergent and include isolates representing a potential risk for disease development.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.359-377
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• 1995

Morphological and isozyme analyses were used to examine closely related species of Tridentiger obscurus and \ulcorner: brevispinis, a pair of cryptic species which has intricate problem with regard to species boundary, and to clarify the taxonomic position. In this study, it was revealed from their 17 allopatric streams that there are differences of band ornamentation on the lateral side and three genetic markers between two species. However, genetic relationship between them (S = 0.813, D = 0.192) was within the intraspecific level of similarity. However, at the sympatry of two species no hybrid was found except at Bangjuk stream where the electrophoretic hybrids with slight deficiency of heterozygosity were observed. It is shown that at sympatry there is a finer microenvironmental subdivision between two species at all populations including Bangjuk stream. To manifest the extent of assortative mating, four syrnpatric subpopulations at Bangjuk stream were analyzed for departure from Hardy-Weinberg equillibrium by F-statistics. All subpopulations were deviated significantly from the expectation under random mating. The evidences presented here supports the recognition of Tridentiger obscurus and T. brevispinis as semispecies in the late stage of reproductive isolation

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 1984

Gamadi, a native rice cultivar from Nepal in which the panicle remains enclosed within its flag leaf sheath upto maturity, was crossed with different genetic marker testers of 12 linkage groups in order to analyze its linkage relationship. The results obtained from the experiment were summarized as follows: Normal segregations of all the genetic marker genes used in this experiment viz Cl, wx and Pla of linkage group I, Pn, Rd and Pub of linkage group III, and lg, g, Ps, gh, Hla, la, nl, bl, be and gl of linkage groups II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII respectively confirmed the previous results, and also strongly indicated that the genetic constituent of the Gamadi and marker testers is same. 'Gamadiness' (the panicle enclosing character) was controlled by two complementary dominant genes with the segregation ratio of 9 Gamadi to 7 normal panicle-exserting types. These genes have been temporarily proposed as G-a and G-b for gamadiness. G-a gene was found to be linked with the neckleaf gene (nl) of linkage group Ⅸ with the crossover value of 0.3733$\pm$0.027. G-b gene appeared to be associated with the brittle culm gene (bc) of the linkage group XI with the crossover value of 0.2725$\pm$0.061.TEX>0.061.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study was carried out to determine the genic values of taste of Korean hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in practical genetic resources of using to breed them. The two breeding materials of pepper, '#1803' ($P_1$) of prefer tastes and '#1532' ($P_2$) of ordinary taste, and their $F_1$, $F_2$ generations were used in this study. By using partitioning method it was possible to estimate, from the $F_2$ generation, the number of effective factor pairs differentiating the two parents. There were found to be differentiated by two effective factor pairs. In practical genetic resource of using to breed the Korean hot pepper, the heritance of pepper tastes showed that the $F_1$ was better than excellent parent by reason of over dominant, but some $F_2$ was better than both parent by transgressive segregation. As the result, the magnitude of genic effects of A-a gene in pepper tastes was 0.36, and B-b gene was 0.64. The tastes of Korean hot pepper showed a complex inheritance by interaction effect on the two non-allelic factors of 0.94 and secondary effect of 2.86 at the most.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Aromatic rice has become popular owing to its aroma. Growing demand for aromatic rice has spurred interest in the development of domestic cultivars that offer similar combinations of grain attributes such as texture, cooking characteristics, aroma, and taste. In this study, the most important agronomic attributes and aroma of 26 cultivars from Afghanistan, Iran, and Uzbekistan, and controls from Japan, Thailand, and India were characterized. Also $F_2$ populations derived from the cross between(Jasmine 85 aromatic$\times$Nipponbare non-aromatic) and(Jasmine 85$\times$Basmati 370 aromatic) were obtained. Tasting individual grains, cooking test, 1.7% KOH sensory test, and molecular marker analysis have been applied to distinguish between aromatic and non-aromatic rice. Diversity for some traits of agronomic importance, such as plant height was detected among countries, e.g. Afghan cultivars classified as tall, and Iranian and Uzbek intermediate and short, respectively. Differentiations of panicle, grain, leaf, basal internode, and culm dimension among rice cultivars, indicating the source of rice diversity in Central Asia. According to the results, 6 of 10, 2 of 7, and 0 of 6 of Afghan, Iranian, and Uzbek rice cultivars were scored as aromatic, respectively. Therefore, Afghan cultivars are a good source of aromatic rice germplasm for Central Asia. The expression between aromatic and non-aromatic, and aromatic and aromatic combinations has been evaluated. The observed segregation ratio of these crosses in the $F_2$ populations was tested by $x^2$ analysis against the expected ratio for a single gene. A segregation ratio of 3:1 between non-aromatic and aromatic combination has been detected, while segregation has not been detected between the aromatic and aromatic combinations. Also, parallel results were obtained from the tested aromatic rice cultivars. Thus, our results suggest that a single recessive gene controls aroma in all aromatic rice cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2013

Paeonia lactiflora is a valuable natural resource for horticulture and traditional Chinese medicine. To propose conservation strategy and future utility of the wild Paeonia lactiflora populations recently found around the Gyeongju National Park, genetic diversity analysis using microsatellite markers were performed. Three populations in and near the Gyeongju N.P. and one population from Jilin, China were analyzed for five microsatellite markers, producing 61 alleles with mean observed heterozygosity($H_o$) of 0.452. $F_{ST}$ value (0.11642) suggested moderate level of genetic differentiation among the populations, and hierarchical AMOVA suggested most of the genetic variation resides within/among the individuals rather than among-population. While AMOVA with $F_{ST}$ suggested lack of genetic differentiation between the regional (Korean vs. Chinese) populations, AMOVA with $R_{ST}$, which incorporates the allele sizes, suggested considerable differentiation between them, but without significant statistical support. STRUCTURE analysis also suggested segregation of regional populations with presence of gene flow among the three Gyeongju N.P. populations. Considering small population size and scarcity of mature individuals, further protection and long-term monitoring are needed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the potential use of New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides) as a new vegetable crop which will be cultivated in salt-affected soils such as reclaimed areas. New Zealand spinach ecotypes native to Korea were collected across the Southern, Western and Eastern seashore regions of the Korean peninsula, among which fifty-five accessions were later further propagated and evaluated genetically by using an AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) marker. Based on the AFLP analysis performed to uncover the genetic diversity of the collected ecotypes, enzymatic cleavage of the extracted DNA was implemented based on 12 EcoRI and MseI combinations. A total of 1,279 alleles (107 alleles per EcoRI and MseI enzyme combination) were successfully amplified, among which 62 alleles per enzyme combination were polymorphic (58%). The AFLP analysis indicated that the rate of genetic dissimilarity was 29% among the New Zealand spinach collections, which were clustered into the 7 genetic diversity group. This is the first report on the genetic variation in the genus Tetragonia, and the basic information can be applied to select parental lines for enhancing the segregation spectrum of the new halophytic vegetable plant grown in salt-affected areas.