• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.313-319
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• 2012

Various nanomaterials may flow into the aquatic ecosystem via production, use, and treatment processes. Especially, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were categorized as manufactured nanomaterials presented by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials (OECD WPMN) in 2010. AuNPs have been used in medical area, however, they were reported to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage, as well as down-regulation of the DNA repair gene in mice and human cell lines. In this study, the aquatic toxicity data of AuNPs and gold ions were collected, with the specific test methods analyzed with respect to the form and size of AuNPs, test species, exposure duration, and endpoints. Currently, aquatic toxicity data of AuNPs and gold ions have been presented in 14 studies including 4 fish, 6 crustacean, 2 green algae, and 2 macrophytes studies, as well as a further 8 studies including 4 fish, 4 crustacean, 1 platyhelminthes, and 1 green algae, respectively. The AuNPs were 0.8-100 nm in size, as gold nanoparticles, gold nanorod, glycodendrimer-coated gold nanoparticles, and amine-coated gold nanoparticles. The tested endpoints were the individual toxicities, such as mortality, malformation, reproduction inhibition, growth inhibition and genetic toxicity such as oxidative stress, gene expression, and reactive oxygen species formation. The accumulation of AuNPs was also confirmed in the various receptor organs. These results are expected to be useful in understanding the aquatic toxicity of AuNPs and gold ions, as well as being applicable to future toxicity studies on AuNPs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9093-9099
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• 2014

A growing body of evidence suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) gene may harbor targets for the chemoprevention of breast cancer. However, it is unclear whether polymorphisms in the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene are associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer. We performed a candidate gene association study between $PPAR{\gamma}$ polymorphisms and breast cancer and a meta-analysis on the association of breast cancer with selected $PPAR{\gamma}$ variants. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene were analyzed among 456 breast cancer patients and 461 controls from the National Cancer Center in Korea. Association between the polymorphisms and breast cancer risk were assessed using the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend and a multivariate logistic regression model. Two SNPs, rs3856806 and rs1801282, had been previously analyzed, thus enabling us to perform pooled analyses on their associations with breast cancer susceptibility. Our findings from the candidate gene association study showed no association between the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. A meta-analysis combining existing studies and our current study also refuted an association of the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene with breast cancer. Our findings suggest that the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene may not harbor variants that alter breast cancer susceptibility, although a moderate sample size might have precluded a decisive conclusion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.259-259
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• 2017

Wheat is one of important food crop in the world. However, wheat has some negative things that are allergen. Wheat includes four different allergen kwon as alpha-, beta- and gamma gliadin and amylase inhibitor. Recently, people are interesting to gluten free food or low gliadin food. To study about wheat allergies and research trend is important for future research like as wheat breeding and allergy reduction technology. In this study, we analyzed that the reported on the research field of wheat allergy have been reported until now, and was to provide direction for future research. The analysis of 235 episodes of major papers published from 2007 to 2016. The last 5 years from 2012, wheat allergy appears increasing number of related papers. The ratio of national papers 13% and 60% were published by the United States and other European countries, respectively. The fields of wheat allergen-related preclinical technology and wheat allergen related to genome research for discovery technology were represented high rate by 58% and 26%, respectively. In the case of Korea, significantly account genetic and breeding areas. Recently, however, the research of glutenin protein which is closely linked to wheat allergy is in progress. So, we expected to increase wheat allergy of the research is in the future in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.915-921
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• 2006

Various random regression models with different order of Legendre polynomials for permanent environmental and genetic effects were constructed to predict future milk yield of Holstein cows in Korea. A total of 257,908 test-day (TD) milk yield records from a total of 28,135 cows belonging to 1,090 herds were considered for estimating (co)variance of the random covariate coefficients using an expectation-maximization REML algorithm in an animal mixed model. The variances did not change much between the models, having different order of Legendre polynomial, but a decreasing trend was observed with increase in the order of Legendre polynomial in the model. The R-squared value of the model increased and the residual variance reduced with the increase in order of Legendre polynomial in the model. Therefore, a model with $5^{th}$ order of Legendre polynomial was considered for predicting future milk yield. For predicting the future milk yield of cows, 132,771 TD records from 28,135 cows were randomly selected from the above data by way of preceding partial TD record, and then future milk yields were estimated using incomplete records from each cow randomly retained. Results suggested that we could predict the next four months milk yield with an error deviation of 4 kg. The correlation of more than 70% between predicted and observed values was estimated for the next four months milk yield. Even using only 3 TD records of some cows, the average milk yield of Korean Holstein cows would be predicted with high accuracy if compared with observed milk yield. Persistency of each cow was estimated which might be useful for selecting the cows with higher persistency. The results of the present study suggested the use of a $5^{th}$ order Legendre polynomial to predict the future milk yield of each cow.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.759-764
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• 2004

본 연구는 Deng(1989)이 제시한 Grey 모형을 이용하여 성진강댐의 월유입량을 예측하였고 그 방법을 제시하였다. Grey 모형은 시계열모형이나 다른 모형에 비해 비교적 적은 수의 자료를 이용하고, 간단할 수식으로 구성되어 있는 장점이 있으나, 적은 수의 자료로 인해 입력자료가 가지는 증감의 경향(trend)으로 오차가 발생하기 쉽다. 그러므로 예측오차를 극복하기 위해서 Fuzzy 시스템을 결합한 Fuzzy-Grey 모형을 구성하였고 Fuzzy 시스템에 필요한 매개변수를 추정하기 위해 최적화기법인 유전자 알고리즘(GA; Genetic Algorithm)을 이용하였다. Grey 모형과 결합된 Fuzzy 시스템은 현재의 입력자료가 가지는 패턴과 가장 유사한 패턴의 과거자료를 이용하여 현재의 입력자료의 예측오차를 추론해내는 기능을 가진다. 오차를 추론하기 위해서 과거 월유입량 자료중 현재 입력 자료와 유사한 패턴을 Grey 상관도를 이용하여 검색하고, 보다 높은 유사성을 가지는 패턴을 선별하고자 노름(norm)을 사용하였고, 유전자 알고리즘의 탐색공간을 제한하였다. 이렇게 구성한 Fuzzy-Grey 모형을 이용하여 전국적인 가뭄년도였던 1992년, 1988년, 2001년에 대해 섬진강댐의 월유입량을 예측하였다. 오차는 1982년, 2001년, 1988년 순으로 비슷한 크기의 오차가 발생하였는데 결과를 분석하여 보면, 급격한 월유입량의 변화가 있었던 경우에 오차가 크게 발생하였으나 가뭄년도에 대해 월유입량의 불확실성이 큼에도 불구하고 비교적 월유입량의 추세를 잘 예측한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 적용한 Fuzzy-Grey 모형은 적은 수의 자료를 이용하여 예측하고 예측결과를 다시 입력자료로 사용하는 업데이트 방식을 사용하기 때문에 예측결과의 오차가 완전하게 보정되지 않으면 다음 결과에 역시 오차를 주게 되어 오차보정이 상당히 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 오차를 보다 효과적으로 보정하기 위해서는 퍼지제어에 사용되는 퍼지규칙의 수를 늘리고, 유입량에 직접적인 영향을 주는 강우량과 연계한 2변수의 Fuzzy-Grey 모형을 이용한다면 보다 정확한 유입량 예측이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.37-51
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• 2011

Research and conservation of plant species for the nation arboretum, collection and securing of the plant species for both public and private arboreta and education for the arboreta which is affiliated to the university are overall management goal of the arboreta in Korea. Most of the arboreta in Korea run the programs and events for guide and interpretation of forest, but the programs and events are not well specified by the arboreta. Regarding the reasonable level of entrance fee should be discussed further as the lack of information and understanding. But the specified entrance fee between public and private arboreta should be considered. An eighty three percent of arboreta in Korea has been properly managed the species information. The reasonable management should be considered in case of unusual management of collected plant genetic resources. Although the overall impending difficulties for the management of arboreta in Korea is the lack of trained or qualified staffs, securing tasks independently for the public arboreta and relatively low salary for the private arboreta are main difficulties. Most of the difficulties are derived from the lack of its mission of the arboreta. The management of arboreta by the mission statement is one of the core targets including the characters such as climate or region should be considered. The securing qualified or trained staffs should be considered in the development of arboreta in Korea including the modification of relevant regulations or law.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.4
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• pp.299-308
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• 2011

In the recent years, a variety of projects have been conducted in order to enhance competitiveness of leading businesses and their followers in the market. Accordingly, the importance of project portfolio management has risen in the open market industry. Project portfolio management refers to crucial decision-making processes which aim to maximize benefits by selecting projects most suitable for a strategic objective among multiple projects with limited resources. In this study, the trend of project portfolio management studies is introduced. The study also presents a mathematical model of the problem, which aims at maximizing project values, possibility, and similarity between projects in the limited resources. We use the genetic algorithm to obtain the priority orders of projects. In order to verify this study, we compare the results of this study and the existing schedules of the E-open market in South Korea. This study ultimately reduces project risks, improves efficiency of development and continuity of tasks by properly ordering projects and assigning developers to the projects.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.464-468
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• 2015

Our government has performed to support the nation-wide application of customized fertilizer based on soil-testing results and crop nutrient balance in order to promote the environment-friendly agriculture and to respond the global environment guide-line since 2010. This study was performed at the selected local paddy fields (Hwaseong-si, Uiseong-gun and Miryang-si) with different soil chemical properties in 2012. The contents of amino acids measured showed an increasing trend with fertilization, and glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid followed by aspartic acid, leucine and alanine. However, valine, isoleusine, tyrosine and lysine were not significantly affected by fertilization. The significant differences in grain N, expressed as a crude protein, and amino acids dose was observed between experimental sites (p<0.001), treatments (p<0.01 to 0.001) and interaction of both factors (p<0.01 to 0.001). In our experiment the following order of carbon skeleton backbones to produce amino acids was observed irrespective of experiment sites and fertilization: ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate > oxalate > pyruvate > 3-phosphoglycerate > phosphoenolpyruvate. In conclusion, customized fertilizer had no difference in amino acids compared to the conventional-NPK practice which was higher than in no fertilization, and also the normal paddy represented slightly higher amino acids compared to the reclaimed. Further study based on the present results is required to investigate what is main factor to amino acids between genetic and environmental factors.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.506-515
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• 2021

Objective: Initial consequence of inbreeding is inbreeding depression which impairs the performance of growth, production, health, fertility and survival traits in different animal breeds and populations. The effect of inbreeding on economically important traits should be accurately estimated. The effect of inbreeding depression on growth traits in sheep has been reported in many breeds. Based on this, the main objective of the present research was to evaluate the impact of inbreeding on some growth traits of Iranian Baluchi sheep breed using quantile regression model. Methods: Pedigree and growth traits records of 13,633 Baluchi lambs born from year 1989 to 2016 were used in this research. The traits were birth weight, weaning weight, six-month weight, nine-month weight, and yearling weight. The contribution, inbreeding and co-ancestry software was used to calculate the pedigree statistics and inbreeding coefficients. To evaluate the impact of inbreeding on different quantiles of each growth trait, a series of quantile regression models were fitted using QUANTREG procedure of SAS software. Annual trend of inbreeding was also estimated fitting a simple linear regression of lamb's inbreeding coefficient on the birth year. Results: Average inbreeding coefficient of the population was 1.63 percent. Annual increase rate of inbreeding of the flock was 0.11 percent (p<0.01). The results showed that the effect of inbreeding in different quantiles of growth traits is not similar. Also, inbreeding affected differently on growth traits, considering lambs' sex and type of birth. Conclusion: Quantile regression revealed that inbreeding did not have similar effect on different quantiles of growth traits in Iranian Baluchi lambs indicating that at a given age and inbreeding coefficient, lambs with different sex and birth type were not equally influenced by inbreeding.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.330-331
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• 2021

Newly, the fourth industrial revolution is a way of describing the blurring of boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological worlds. It's a fusion of advances in AI (artificial intelligence), robotics, the IoT (internet of things), 3d printing, genetic engineering, quantum computing, and other technologies. At the world economic forum in Davos, switzerland, in january 2016, chairman professor (klaus schwab) proposed the fourth industrial revolution for the first time. In order to apply the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) analysis method, the first stage factors were designed as Digital Technology, Physics Technology and Biological Technology. In addition, the second stage factors were organized into 8 detailed services presented in the conceptual model. Thus, we present the theoretical and practical implications of these results.