• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.915-921
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• 2006

Various random regression models with different order of Legendre polynomials for permanent environmental and genetic effects were constructed to predict future milk yield of Holstein cows in Korea. A total of 257,908 test-day (TD) milk yield records from a total of 28,135 cows belonging to 1,090 herds were considered for estimating (co)variance of the random covariate coefficients using an expectation-maximization REML algorithm in an animal mixed model. The variances did not change much between the models, having different order of Legendre polynomial, but a decreasing trend was observed with increase in the order of Legendre polynomial in the model. The R-squared value of the model increased and the residual variance reduced with the increase in order of Legendre polynomial in the model. Therefore, a model with $5^{th}$ order of Legendre polynomial was considered for predicting future milk yield. For predicting the future milk yield of cows, 132,771 TD records from 28,135 cows were randomly selected from the above data by way of preceding partial TD record, and then future milk yields were estimated using incomplete records from each cow randomly retained. Results suggested that we could predict the next four months milk yield with an error deviation of 4 kg. The correlation of more than 70% between predicted and observed values was estimated for the next four months milk yield. Even using only 3 TD records of some cows, the average milk yield of Korean Holstein cows would be predicted with high accuracy if compared with observed milk yield. Persistency of each cow was estimated which might be useful for selecting the cows with higher persistency. The results of the present study suggested the use of a $5^{th}$ order Legendre polynomial to predict the future milk yield of each cow.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.759-764
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• 2004

본 연구는 Deng(1989)이 제시한 Grey 모형을 이용하여 성진강댐의 월유입량을 예측하였고 그 방법을 제시하였다. Grey 모형은 시계열모형이나 다른 모형에 비해 비교적 적은 수의 자료를 이용하고, 간단할 수식으로 구성되어 있는 장점이 있으나, 적은 수의 자료로 인해 입력자료가 가지는 증감의 경향(trend)으로 오차가 발생하기 쉽다. 그러므로 예측오차를 극복하기 위해서 Fuzzy 시스템을 결합한 Fuzzy-Grey 모형을 구성하였고 Fuzzy 시스템에 필요한 매개변수를 추정하기 위해 최적화기법인 유전자 알고리즘(GA; Genetic Algorithm)을 이용하였다. Grey 모형과 결합된 Fuzzy 시스템은 현재의 입력자료가 가지는 패턴과 가장 유사한 패턴의 과거자료를 이용하여 현재의 입력자료의 예측오차를 추론해내는 기능을 가진다. 오차를 추론하기 위해서 과거 월유입량 자료중 현재 입력 자료와 유사한 패턴을 Grey 상관도를 이용하여 검색하고, 보다 높은 유사성을 가지는 패턴을 선별하고자 노름(norm)을 사용하였고, 유전자 알고리즘의 탐색공간을 제한하였다. 이렇게 구성한 Fuzzy-Grey 모형을 이용하여 전국적인 가뭄년도였던 1992년, 1988년, 2001년에 대해 섬진강댐의 월유입량을 예측하였다. 오차는 1982년, 2001년, 1988년 순으로 비슷한 크기의 오차가 발생하였는데 결과를 분석하여 보면, 급격한 월유입량의 변화가 있었던 경우에 오차가 크게 발생하였으나 가뭄년도에 대해 월유입량의 불확실성이 큼에도 불구하고 비교적 월유입량의 추세를 잘 예측한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 적용한 Fuzzy-Grey 모형은 적은 수의 자료를 이용하여 예측하고 예측결과를 다시 입력자료로 사용하는 업데이트 방식을 사용하기 때문에 예측결과의 오차가 완전하게 보정되지 않으면 다음 결과에 역시 오차를 주게 되어 오차보정이 상당히 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 오차를 보다 효과적으로 보정하기 위해서는 퍼지제어에 사용되는 퍼지규칙의 수를 늘리고, 유입량에 직접적인 영향을 주는 강우량과 연계한 2변수의 Fuzzy-Grey 모형을 이용한다면 보다 정확한 유입량 예측이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.37-51
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• 2011

Research and conservation of plant species for the nation arboretum, collection and securing of the plant species for both public and private arboreta and education for the arboreta which is affiliated to the university are overall management goal of the arboreta in Korea. Most of the arboreta in Korea run the programs and events for guide and interpretation of forest, but the programs and events are not well specified by the arboreta. Regarding the reasonable level of entrance fee should be discussed further as the lack of information and understanding. But the specified entrance fee between public and private arboreta should be considered. An eighty three percent of arboreta in Korea has been properly managed the species information. The reasonable management should be considered in case of unusual management of collected plant genetic resources. Although the overall impending difficulties for the management of arboreta in Korea is the lack of trained or qualified staffs, securing tasks independently for the public arboreta and relatively low salary for the private arboreta are main difficulties. Most of the difficulties are derived from the lack of its mission of the arboreta. The management of arboreta by the mission statement is one of the core targets including the characters such as climate or region should be considered. The securing qualified or trained staffs should be considered in the development of arboreta in Korea including the modification of relevant regulations or law.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.4
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• pp.299-308
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• 2011

In the recent years, a variety of projects have been conducted in order to enhance competitiveness of leading businesses and their followers in the market. Accordingly, the importance of project portfolio management has risen in the open market industry. Project portfolio management refers to crucial decision-making processes which aim to maximize benefits by selecting projects most suitable for a strategic objective among multiple projects with limited resources. In this study, the trend of project portfolio management studies is introduced. The study also presents a mathematical model of the problem, which aims at maximizing project values, possibility, and similarity between projects in the limited resources. We use the genetic algorithm to obtain the priority orders of projects. In order to verify this study, we compare the results of this study and the existing schedules of the E-open market in South Korea. This study ultimately reduces project risks, improves efficiency of development and continuity of tasks by properly ordering projects and assigning developers to the projects.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.464-468
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• 2015

Our government has performed to support the nation-wide application of customized fertilizer based on soil-testing results and crop nutrient balance in order to promote the environment-friendly agriculture and to respond the global environment guide-line since 2010. This study was performed at the selected local paddy fields (Hwaseong-si, Uiseong-gun and Miryang-si) with different soil chemical properties in 2012. The contents of amino acids measured showed an increasing trend with fertilization, and glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid followed by aspartic acid, leucine and alanine. However, valine, isoleusine, tyrosine and lysine were not significantly affected by fertilization. The significant differences in grain N, expressed as a crude protein, and amino acids dose was observed between experimental sites (p<0.001), treatments (p<0.01 to 0.001) and interaction of both factors (p<0.01 to 0.001). In our experiment the following order of carbon skeleton backbones to produce amino acids was observed irrespective of experiment sites and fertilization: ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate > oxalate > pyruvate > 3-phosphoglycerate > phosphoenolpyruvate. In conclusion, customized fertilizer had no difference in amino acids compared to the conventional-NPK practice which was higher than in no fertilization, and also the normal paddy represented slightly higher amino acids compared to the reclaimed. Further study based on the present results is required to investigate what is main factor to amino acids between genetic and environmental factors.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.506-515
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• 2021

Objective: Initial consequence of inbreeding is inbreeding depression which impairs the performance of growth, production, health, fertility and survival traits in different animal breeds and populations. The effect of inbreeding on economically important traits should be accurately estimated. The effect of inbreeding depression on growth traits in sheep has been reported in many breeds. Based on this, the main objective of the present research was to evaluate the impact of inbreeding on some growth traits of Iranian Baluchi sheep breed using quantile regression model. Methods: Pedigree and growth traits records of 13,633 Baluchi lambs born from year 1989 to 2016 were used in this research. The traits were birth weight, weaning weight, six-month weight, nine-month weight, and yearling weight. The contribution, inbreeding and co-ancestry software was used to calculate the pedigree statistics and inbreeding coefficients. To evaluate the impact of inbreeding on different quantiles of each growth trait, a series of quantile regression models were fitted using QUANTREG procedure of SAS software. Annual trend of inbreeding was also estimated fitting a simple linear regression of lamb's inbreeding coefficient on the birth year. Results: Average inbreeding coefficient of the population was 1.63 percent. Annual increase rate of inbreeding of the flock was 0.11 percent (p<0.01). The results showed that the effect of inbreeding in different quantiles of growth traits is not similar. Also, inbreeding affected differently on growth traits, considering lambs' sex and type of birth. Conclusion: Quantile regression revealed that inbreeding did not have similar effect on different quantiles of growth traits in Iranian Baluchi lambs indicating that at a given age and inbreeding coefficient, lambs with different sex and birth type were not equally influenced by inbreeding.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.330-331
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• 2021

Newly, the fourth industrial revolution is a way of describing the blurring of boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological worlds. It's a fusion of advances in AI (artificial intelligence), robotics, the IoT (internet of things), 3d printing, genetic engineering, quantum computing, and other technologies. At the world economic forum in Davos, switzerland, in january 2016, chairman professor (klaus schwab) proposed the fourth industrial revolution for the first time. In order to apply the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) analysis method, the first stage factors were designed as Digital Technology, Physics Technology and Biological Technology. In addition, the second stage factors were organized into 8 detailed services presented in the conceptual model. Thus, we present the theoretical and practical implications of these results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.605-611
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• 2015

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.03$) and M ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.01$), moderately low for Dm ($h^2=0.13{\pm}0.02$), of medium values for H ($h^2=0.20{\pm}0.03$) and F ($h^2=0.23{\pm}0.03$). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm ($r_g=0.93$), between F and H ($r_g=0.97$) and between Dm and H ($r_g=0.90$). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings' feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 1983

It is assumed that menarche is affected not only by the biological factors such as nutrition and genetic heritage, but also it is affected by other socio-cultural environmental factors including weather, geographic location, education and level of modernization. Also recent trend of menarche in Korea indicates that a lot of discussion are being generated to the need of sex education as a part of formal school education. The purpose of this study is to develop the school health education program by determine the age of menarche, the factors relavant to time of menarche and psycho-mental state of students at the time in menarche and investigate the present state of school health education relate to menarche of adolescents. The total number of 732 girls was drown from first, second and third grades of 4 middle schools in Seoul. For the data collection the survey was conducted during the period from May 1 to May 20, 1982 by using prepared questionair. The major results are summarized as follow; 1. Mean age at menarche and the percent distribution of menarche experienced. It was observed that about 68.7% of sampled students have been experienced menarche at the time interviewed. For the each group, age at menarche is revealed that among the students about 37.8% are experienced menarche for under 12 years old group, 62.1% for 13 year-old group, 80.6％ for 14 year-old group and 95.5% for over 15 years old. In sum it was found that the mean age at menarche was 12.3 years old, ranged from age at 10 as earlist the age at 15 as latest. 2. Variables associated with age at menarche. 1) There was tendency those student who belong to upper class economic status have had menarche earlier than those student who belong to lower class. Therefore, economic status is closely related to age at menarche. 2) In time of mother's education level, it is also found that those students whose mother's education levels from high school and college are experienced menarche earlier than those students whose mother's education levels from primary school and no-education. 3) However, in connection with home discipline, there was no significant relationship between age at menarche and home disciplines which are being treated "Rigid", "Moderated ", "Indifferent". 4) Degree of communication between parents and daughter about sex matters was found to be associated each others in determination of age at menarche. 5) It was found that high association between mother's menarche age and their daughter's menarche age was observed. Mother's age at menarche earlier trend to be shown also as earlier of their daughters. 6) Those students belong to "D & E" of physical substantiality index are trend to be earlier in menarche than those students in the index "A & B". 3. Psycho-mental state at the time of menarche. Out of the total students 68.2% had at least one or more than one of subjective symptoms. Shyness was shown as most higher prevalent symptom and others are fear, emotional instability, unpleasant feeling, depression, radical behavior, inferior complex and satisfaction appeared. Very few cases are appeared be guilty and stealing feeling. 4. The present status of school health education program related to menarche. As to the source of information about menarche, teacher was a main source with average index 5.88 and the other informants were mother & family member, friends, books and magagines, movies, television, and radio. For the problem solving at menarche, mother & family members were subject to discussion with an average index 6.02 as high. The others for discuss and knowledge about menarche were books, magagine, friends, teachers, and self-learning based on own experienced. The time of learning about menarche, it was learned as highest percentage with 43.2% at a 6 grades of primary school, middle school with 34.4%, 5 grade of primary school with 18.2%, and 4 grade of primary school with 4.0% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2005

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of gamma radiation on the early growth performance and physiological traits of BT2 clone tea, the most promising cultivar released by Bangladesh Tea Research Institute. The fresh shoot cuttings were irradiated with seven different levels of gamma radiation such as 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gy from Cobalt 60Co source (Dept. of PlantBreeding, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture). Thereafter, the irradiated shoot cuttings were planted in polythene bags and kept under natural conditions. It was observed that callusing was initiated from 8th weeks after placement of tea shoot cuttings in the polythene bags and completed by 12th weeks. The morphological growth of tea shoot cuttings were recorded under varying levels of gamma radiation and growth stages. It was observed that the number of leaves, number of primary branches, base diameter, root length and total leaf area per plant significantly increased with the progress of time and increasing levels of gamma radiation, however, the plant height showed decreasing trend with the increasing levels of gamma radiation, which could be due to the change in chromosomal structure and genetic makeup. After 56 weeks of planting, the plant height, the number of leaves and primary branches per plant, base diameter, root length and total leaf area per plant recorded were 65.70 cm, 30.67, 7.33, 1.48 cm, 23.50 cm, and 1250.67 cm2 per plant respectively under the radiation level 60 Gy, whereas the corresponding figures of the above parameters at the control treatment were 76.21 cm, 18.33, 3.67, 0.92 cm, 17.75 cm and 778.33 cm2 per plant, respectively. A significant relationship was observed among the physiological growth parameters with the increasing levels of gamma radiation. The total dry matter gain, leaf area index, absolute growth rate and relative growth rate were significantly influenced with the rising levels of gamma radiation (up to 60 Gy), whereas the net assimilation rate of individual tea plant non-significantly responded as compared to those of control treatment. Finally after 56 weeks of planting, the maximum total dry weight gain, leaf area index, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate recorded under 60 Gay radiation level were 40.25 g/plant/week, 4.25, 1.18 g/week, 0.0621g/g/week and 17.07 g/m2/week respectively.