• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.94-104
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• 2011

Salt stress is a major environmental factor influencing plant growth and development. To identify salt tolerance determinants, we systematically screened salt sensitive rice mutants by use of the Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transposon tagging system. In this study, we focused on the salt sensitive mutant line, designated SSM-1. A gene encoding a NAC transcription factor homologue was disrupted by the insertion of a Ds transposon into SSM-1 line. The OsNAC075 gene (EU541472) has 7 exons and encodes a protein (486-aa) containing the NAC domain in its N-terminal region. Sequence comparison showed that the OsNAC075 protein had a strikingly conserved region at the N-terminus, which is considered as the characteristic of the NAC protein family. OsNAC075 protein was orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana ANAC075. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed OsNAC075 belonged to the OsNAC3 subfamily, which plays an important role in response to stress stimuli. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of OsNAC075 gene was rapidly and strongly induced by stresses such as NaCl, ABA and low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$). Our data suggest that OsNAC075 holds promising utility in improving salt tolerance in rice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.497-507
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• 1993

Four truncation selection schemes (SSs) were framed to predict and compare the age structures and genetic responses under the influence of various factor employing the scheme-specific algorithms. Two paths of selection, sires (bulls' sires) and dams (bulls' dams) to breed young bulls were considered. Among variable factors, four levels (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) of precision of evaluation, five levels (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 genetic standard deviation) of genetic differences among age classes and 4 levels of proportions selected (for bulls' sire, 0.05, 0.10, 0.125, 0.25, and for bulls' dams 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.10) contemplated on both paths of selection. The number of age classes for bulls' dams and bulls' sires were 4 or 8 and 2 or 4, respectively. The stayability across age classes for bulls' dams was assumed to be 0.80 or 0.60. The candidates for selection for bulls' sires were equally distributed (0.5 or 0.25) across the age classes. The SS1 (selection on same proportions as candidates' distribution) revealed longest generation lengths and lowest yearly genetic responses. The average ages were youngest and yearly genetic responses were highest in SS4 (selection at each age-specific truncation point with the same average genetic superiority of selected parents across the ages) and followed by SS3 (selection at each agespecific truncation point with same predicted genetic values) and SS2 (selection at common truncation point on phenotypic values) in a population with overlapping generations. The results revealed the importance of choosing suitable selection scheme to acquire maximum yearly genetic responses especially when the genetic differences among age classes are large and the precision of evaluation is relatively low.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.57-69
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• 2011

Objectives: Purpose of this study is to analyze and to estimate which and how much genetic and environmental factors have affected on growth. Also, a method of final height prediction can be developed from this study results. Methods: Correlation analysis and categorical regression analysis were conducted between genetic and environmental factors correlated with the final adult height, through survey from 171 male. Results: Mid parental height, neonatal body weight, intake frequency of beef, chicken, milk, fruits and coffee, sleep quantity and quality during the elementary school and sleep quantity during the middle school have affected on the final adult height. And a regression equation with 0.494 for coefficient of determination was obtained. Conclusions: Mid-parental-height has the most affected on the final adult height. Among environmental factors, food and sleep have significantly affected, but exercise doesn't. Among foods, meal, beef, and milk intake have remarkably affected on the final height, and chicken and fruit also have affected in some degree, but coffee has affected badly. Among sleep habits, sleep quantity during the elementary school has the most affected, sleep quality during the elementary school and sleep quantity during the middle school also have affected in some degree on final height. The younger the age is, the more sleep have affected and sleep quantity have more affected than sleep quality. Neonatal weight also has remarkably affected on the final height. Through this analysis, the final adult height can be predicted using regression equation which covers 49.4% of genetic and environmental factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4415-4420
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• 2016

We aimed to investigate any association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the view of cytokines that control inflammation/angiogenesis and their correlation with certain CD markers. NHL patients with or without HCV infection were studied. CD5, CD30, CD3, CD20 and CD45 were immunohistochemically evaluated. Plasma levels of vascular endothelial and platelet derived growth factors (VEGF, and PDGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-${\alpha}$), transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-4, IL-12 and interferon gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCV+ve NHL patients showed a significant reduction in VEGF, PDGF, IFN-${\gamma}$, CD5 and CD45 and a significant increase in IL-12 and IL-8. In conclusion, there was a significant change in cytokine secretion and expression of CD markers in HCV+ve NHL patients. Based on our results, HCV infection in NHL patients requires more in-depth investigations to explore any role in lymphoma progression.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2015

Background: UV-irradiated keratinocytes secrete various proinflammatory cytokines. UV-induced skin damage is mediated by growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines such as granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In a previous study, we found that the saponin of Korean Red Ginseng (SKRG) decreased the expression of GM-CSF in UVB-irradiated SP-1 keratinocytes. In this study, we attempted to find the inhibitory mechanism of SKRG on UVB-induced GM-CSF expression in SP-1 keratinocytes. Methods: We investigated the inhibitory mechanism of SKRG and ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on UVB-induced GM-CSF expression in SP-1 keratinocytes. Results: Treatment with SKRG decreased the expression of GM-CSF mRNA and protein induced by irradiation of UVB in SP-1 keratinocytes. The phosphorylation of ERK was induced by UVB at 10 min, and decreased with SKRG treatment in SP-1 keratinocytes. In addition, treatment with SKRG inhibited the UVB-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is known to be an upstream signal of ERK. From these results, we found that the inhibition of GM-CSF expression by SKRG was derived from the decreased phosphorylation of EGFR. To identify the specific compound composing SKRG, we tested fifteen kinds of ginsenosides. Among these compounds, ginsenoside-Rh3 decreased the expression of GM-CSF protein and mRNA in SP-1 keratinocytes. Conclusion: Taken together, we found that treatment with SKRG decreased the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK in UVB-irradiated SP-1 keratinocytes and subsequently inhibited the expression of GM-CSF. Furthermore, we identified ginsenoside-Rh3 as the active saponin in Korean Red Ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.274-281
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• 2020

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) goes through the epidermis and promotes release of inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), one of the keratinocyte-derived cytokines, regulates proliferation and differentiation of melanocytes. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways regulate expression of GM-CSF. Based on these results, we found that ginsenoside Rh3 prevented GM-CSF production and release in UV-B-exposed SP-1 keratinocytes and that this inhibitory effect resulted from the reduction of PKCδ and ERK phosphorylation. Methods: We investigated the mechanism by which ginsenoside Rh3 from Panax ginseng inhibited GM-CSF release from UV-B-irradiated keratinocytes. Results: Treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or UV-B induced release of GM-CSF in the SP-1 keratinocytes. To elucidate whether the change in GM-CSF expression could be related to PKC signaling, the cells were pretreated with H7, an inhibitor of PKC, and irradiated with UV-B. GM-CSF was decreased by H7 in a dose-dependent manner. When we analyzed which ginsenosides repressed GM-CSF expression among 15 ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rh3 showed the largest decline to 40% of GM-CSF expression in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis showed that TPA enhanced the phosphorylation of PKCδ and ERK in the keratinocytes. When we examined the effect of ginsenoside Rh3, we identified that ginsenoside Rh3 inhibited the TPA-induced phosphorylation levels of PKCδ and ERK. Conclusion: In summary, we found that ginsenoside Rh3 impeded UV-B-induced GM-CSF production through repression of PKCδ and ERK phosphorylation in SP-1 keratinocytes.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2018

Despite the importance of mutation rate, some difficulties exist in estimating it. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data yields large numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which can make it feasible to estimate substitution rates. The genetic substitution rates of Hanwoo and Holstein cattle were estimated using NGS data. Our main findings was to calculate the gene's substitution rates. Through estimation of genetic substitution rates, we found: diving region of altered substitution density exists. This region may indicate a boundary between protected and unprotected genes. The protected region is mainly associated with the gene ontology terms of regulatory genes. The genes that distinguish Hanwoo from Holstein in terms of substitution rate predominantly have gene ontology terms related to blood and circulatory system. This might imply that Hanwoo and Holstein evolved with dissimilar mutation rates and processes after domestication. The difference in meat quality between Hanwoo and Holstein could originate from differential evolution of the genes related to these blood and circulatory system ontology terms.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2000

Food production is a major role of agriculture. It has been projected that the world population continues to increase by the middle of the 21st century, and the population growth results in raising a serious problem of food shortage. Thus we have to increase food as possible. A considerable amount of crops have been abandoned due to short-life after postharvest. Ethylene is a factor responsible for the postharvest loss in crops, especially horticultural crops. If we can reduce ethylene production or sensitivity by genetic engineering, we can develop, so called,“long-life crop”conferring long postharvest lives. During last two decades, intensive research for molecular dissection of ethylene biosynthesis has been carried out, and the researchers have succeeded in engineering ethylene productivity in some crops. On the other hand, after the successful isolation of Arabidopsis ethylene receptor gene ETR1, the homolog genes have been isolated in various plant species. Currently the characterization of these genes and alteration of ethylene sensitivity using the genes are in progress. This review summarizes current progress in the analysis of these genes, and discusses genetic engineering of ethylene sensitivity using these genes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.266-273
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• 1991

Hirudin, a 65-amino acid protein isolated from the salivary gland of the bloodsucking leech, Hirudo medicinalis, is a potent thrombin-specific inhibitor and blocks the thrombin-mediated conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin in clot formation. We have studied the gene expression and secretion of hirudin in yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A gene coding for hirudin was synthesized based on the amino acid sequence and cloned into a yeast expression vector $YEG{\alpha}-1$ containing the ${\alpha}-mating$ factor pre-pro leader sequence and galactose-inducible promoter, GALl0. Recombinant S. cerevisiae was found to secrete biologically active hirudin into the extracellular medium. The secreted recombinant hirudin was recovered from the culture medium and purified with ultrafiltration and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Approximately 1 mg of hirudin per liter was produced under suboptimal culture conditions and brought to about 90% purity in two steps of purification.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.533-538
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• 2001

This paper describes a combinational method to compute the global and local solutions of optimization problems. The present hybrid algorithm uses both a genetic algorithm and a local concentrate search algorithm (e. g simplex method). The hybrid algorithm is not only faster than the standard genetic algorithm but also supplies a more accurate solution. In addition, this algorithm can find the global and local optimum solutions. The present algorithm can be supplied to minimize the resonance response (Q factor) and to yield the critical speeds as far from the operating speed as possible. These factors play very important roles in designing a rotor-bearing system under the dynamic behavior constraint. In the present work, the shaft diameter, the bearing length, and clearance are used as the design variables.