• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.802-809
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• 2005

A hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed for the problem of generating laser torch paths to cut a stock plate nested with free-formed parts each having a set of sub-parts. In the problem, the total unproductive travel distance of the torch is minimized. The problem is shown to be formulated as a special case of the standard travelling salesman problem. The hybrid genetic algorithm for solving the problem is hierarchically structured: First, it uses a genetic algorithm to find the cutting path f3r the parts and then, based on the obtained cutting path, sequence of sub-parts and their piercing locations are optimally determined by using a combined genetic and heuristic algorithms. This process is repeated until any progress in the total unproductive travel distance is not achieved. Computational results are provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.170-177
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• 2014

Genetic Algorithms are robust search and optimization techniques but have some problems such as premature convergence and convergence to local extremum. As population diversity converges to low value, the search ability decreases and converges to local extremum but population diversity converges to high value, then the search ability increases and converges to global optimum or genetic algorithm may diverge. To guarantee that genetic algorithms converge to the global optima, the genetic operators should be chosen properly. In this paper, we propose the genetic operators with the hybrid function of the average Hamming distance and the fitness value to maintain the diversity of the GA's population for escaping from the premature convergence. Results of simulation studies verified the effects of the mutation operator for maintaining diversity and the other operators for improving convergence properties as well as the feasibility of using proposed genetic operators on convergence properties to avoid premature convergence and convergence to local extremum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1664-1672
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to measure genetic diversity and to determine the relationships among fourteen goose breeds. Methods: Microsatellite markers were isolated from the genomic DNA of geese based on previous literature. The DNA segments, including short tandem repeats, were tested for their diversity among fourteen populations of geese. The diversity was tested on both breeds and loci level and by mean of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and structure program, phylogenetic tree and population structure were tested. Results: A total of 108 distinct alleles (1%) were observed across the fourteen breeds, with 36 out of the 108 alleles (33.2%) being unique to only one breed. Genetic parameters were measured per the 14 breeds and the 9 loci. Medium to high heterozygosity was reported with high effective numbers of alleles (Ne). Polymorphic information contents (PIC) of the screened loci was found to be highly polymorphic for eleven breeds; while 3 breeds were reported moderately polymorphic. Breeding coefficient ($F_{IS}$) ranged from -0.033 to 0.358, and the pair wise genetic differentiation ($F_{ST}$) ranged from 0.01 to 0.36 across the fourteen breeds; for the 9 loci observed and expected heterozygosity, and Ne were same as the breeds parameters, PIC of the screened loci reported 6 loci highly polymorphic and 3 loci to be medium polymorphic, and $F_{IS}$ ranged from -0.113 to 0.368. In addition, genetic distance estimate revealed a close genetic distance between Canada goose and Hortobagy goose breeds by 0.04, and the highest distance was between Taihu goose and Graylag goose (anser anser) breed by 0.54. Conclusion: Cluster analyses were made, and they revealed that goose breeds had hybridized frequently, resulting in a loss of genetic distinctiveness for some breeds.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1521-1524
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a "Distance Correlation Selection operator (DCS)" as a new selection operator. For Genetic Algorithm (GA), many improvements have been proposed. The MGG (Minimal Generation Gap) model proposed by Satoh et.al. shows good performance. The MGG model has all advantages of conventional models and the ability of avoiding the premature convergence and suppressing the evolutionary stagnation. The proposed method is an extension of selection operator in the original MGG model. Generally, GA has two types of selection operators, one is "selection for reproduction", and the other is "selection for survival"; the former is for crossover and the latter is the individuals which survive to the next generation. The proposed method is an extension of the former. The proposed method utilizes distance information between individuals. From this extension, the proposed method aims to expand a search area and improve ability to search solution. The performance of the proposed method is examined with several standard test functions. The experimental results show good performance better than the original MGG model.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.258-264
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• 1997

The introduction of molecular biology methodologies to plant improvement programs offers an invaluable opportunity for extensive germplasm characterization. We have applied the developed technique of random amplification of polymorphic DNA(RAPD)to the analysis of evaluating genetic diversity among Korean wild Codonopsis lanceolata. A total of 340 polymorpic hands were gernerated on agarose- and polyacrylamide-gel by 19 primers of abitrary sequence. grouped by cluster analysis using sample matching coefficients of similarity. Among of the samples. the minimum genetic distance value was obtained between sample no. 1(Girisan) and no. 2(Girisan), and the largest value between sample no. 11(Sulaksan) and no. 17(Sulaksan).In separate cluster dendrograms based on agareose - and polyacryamide-gel. some differences were observed; In the case of agarose gel,41 samples could be devided into 7 groups at below about 0.44 level of distance. However they were divided into 6 gourps at below about 0.40 level of distance in the case of polyacrylamide gel. These results showed that polymophic data in agrose were not grouped to wild plant selected from each mountainous district except for wild plants selected from Sulaksan and Chiaksan. We believe that polyacrylamide-RAPD is a superior method for detecting DNA polymorphism compared to agarose-RAPD method.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2009

Analysis of four microsatellite markers from Mud Crab Scylla serrata revealed that there is high level of genetic diversity within this species. Genetic diversity of S. serrata was calculated using allele diversity, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity (Het-exp), polymorphic information content, gene differentiation and Nei's $D_{A}$ distance. Mean polymorphic information content value was 0.797, which reflected high level of polymorphism across the loci of S. serrata. The Palau population has the highest genetic diversity (Het-exp=0.871), while the Kosrae population has the lowest genetic diversity (Hetexp=0.806). However, the geographical genetic distance among S. serrata populations from Yab, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Palau were low (0.2009${\sim}$0.3350). These results suggest that despite their wide distribution, S. serrata are no different in geographical genetic diversity within the five sampled locations.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.407-415
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• 2012

Pinus pumila, which occurs in the northeast Asia, is found limitedly in Daecheongbong area of Mt. Seorak in the South Korea. This population was chosen to study spatial pattern, genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure. There were 48 polymorphic and 30 monomorphic I-SSR markers. A total of 65 individuals which distributed in the study site (40 m ${\times}$ 70 m) showed weakly aggregate distribution (Aggregate Index = 0.871). A total of 40 genets were observed from 65 individuals through I-SSR genotype comparison. Proportion of distinguishable genotype (G/N), genotype diversity (D) and genotype evenness (E) were 61.5%, 0.977 and 0.909, respectively. In spite of the small number and the limited distribution, Shannon's diversity index (I = 0.567) was relatively high as compared with those of other plant species. Spatial autocorrelation using Tanimoto's distance showed that the genetic patch was established within 12 m. Based on Mantel tests, there was relatively low correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. Therefore, it seems the P. pumila population was formed by many parent trees in early stage. For ex situ genetic conservation of P. pumila, the sampling strategy is efficient at least above 12 m between individual trees.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2018

The author carried out PCR-based genetic platform to investigate the hierarchical polar dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances of one bastard halibut population, particularly for Paralichthys olivaceus, which was further connected with those of the other fish population, by involving with the precisely designed oligonucleotide primer sets. Eight oligonucleotides primers were used generating excessively alterating fragments, ranging in size of DNA bands from larger than approximately 100 bp to less than 2,000 bp. As regards average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from Hampyeong population (0.810) displayed lower bandsharing values than did individuals from Wando population (0.877). The genetic distance between individuals approved the existence of close relationship in the cluster II. Relatively, individuals of one bastard halibut population were fairly related to that of the other fish population, as shown in the polar hierarchical dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances. The points of a noteworthy genetic distance between two P. olivaceus populations demonstrated this PCR procedure is one of the quite a few means for individuals and/or populations biological DNA investigates, for species security and proliferation of bastard halibut individuals in coastal region of the Korea.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2021

The author established a PCR-based genetic platform to examine the hierarchical polar dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances of one tailfin anchovy population, especially for Coilia nasus, which was further associated with other fish population, by connecting with specifically designed oligonucleotide primer sets. Five oligonucleotide primers were used to generate a total of 260 and 211 scorable fragments in Coilia populations I and II, respectively. The DNA fragments ranged from greater than (approximately) 100 to more than 2,000 bp. The average bandsharing values (BS) of individuals from the anchovy population I (0.693) displayed higher values than individuals from population II (0.675). The genetic distance between individuals established the existence of a close relationship in group II. Comparatively, individuals of one anchovy population were fairly related to other fish populations, as shown in the polar hierarchical dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances. The noteworthy genetic distance determined between two Coilia nasus populations demonstrates that this PCR technique can be applied as one of the several devices for individuals and/or population biological DNA researches undertaken for safeguarding species and for production of anchovies in the littoral area of Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1546-1550
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess the genetic variation and establish the relationship amongst breeds and strains using 15 chicken specific microsatellite markers. A total of 285 unrelated DNA samples from four Korean native chicken strains (Black strain of Korean native chicken; KL, Red Brown strain of Korean native chicken; KR, Ogol strain of Korean native chicken; KS and Yellow Brown strain of Korean native chicken; KY) and three introduced chicken breeds (F strain of White Leghorn; LF, K strain of White Leghorn; LK, Rhode Island Red; RC and Cornish; CN) were genotyped to estimate within and between breed genetic diversity indices. All the loci analyzed in 15 microsatellite markers showed a polymorphic pattern and the number of alleles ranged from 5 to 14. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of UMA1019 was the highest (0.872) and that of ADL0234 was the lowest (0.562). The expected total heterozygosity (He) within breed and mean number of observed alleles ranged from 0.540 (LF) to 0.689 (KY), and from 3.47 (LK) to 6.07 (KR), respectively. The genetic variation of KR and KY were the highest and the lowest within Korean native strains, respectively. The genetic distance results showed that Korean native chicken strains were separated with the three introduced chicken breeds clustered into another group. The lowest distance (0.149) was observed between the KR and KL breeds and the highest distance (0.855) between the KR and LK breeds. The microsatellite polymorphism data were shown to be useful for assessing the genetic relationship between Korean native strains and other foreign breeds.