• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2015

Objectives To examine the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and body mass index (BMI) of obese children. Methods This cross-sectional study included 387 children. HRQoL was measured with the PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic Core Scale. BMI was classified according to the World Health Organization Asia-Pacific obesity guidelines. Psychosocial factors (body image, self-esteem, and depression/anxiety) were also measured. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation and Path analysis. Results Obese participants reported lower score for physical evaluation, self-esteem, appearance evaluation component of body image, total HRQoL score, and physical/emotional/social function components of HRQoL ; they reported higher score for depression/anxiety. In addition, results indicated that as BMI increased, appearance evaluation, total HRQoL score, and social function component of HRQoL dropped. Path analysis revealed that BMI did not directly affect HRQoL ; however, BMI directly affects body image and self-esteem, indirectly mediates depression/anxiety, and thereby impacts on an individual's HRQoL. Conclusions Body image and self-esteem, rather than BMI itself, have more influence on HRQoL. This reinforces the importance of therapeutic intervention to enhance body image and self-esteem among obese children.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2003

In this paper, we introduce a category of Multi-FNN (Fuzzy-Neural Networks) models, analyze the underlying architectures and propose a comprehensive identification framework. The proposed Multi-FNNs dwell on a concept of fuzzy rule-based FNNs based on HCM clustering and evolutionary fuzzy granulation, and exploit linear inference being treated as a generic inference mechanism. By this nature, this FNN model is geared toward capturing relationships between information granules known as fuzzy sets. The form of the information granules themselves (in particular their distribution and a type of membership function) becomes an important design feature of the FNN model contributing to its structural as well as parametric optimization. The identification environment uses clustering techniques (Hard C - Means, HCM) and exploits genetic optimization as a vehicle of global optimization. The global optimization is augmented by more refined gradient-based learning mechanisms such as standard back-propagation. The HCM algorithm, whose role is to carry out preprocessing of the process data for system modeling, is utilized to determine the structure of Multi-FNNs. The detailed parameters of the Multi-FNN (such as apexes of membership functions, learning rates and momentum coefficients) are adjusted using genetic algorithms. An aggregate performance index with a weighting factor is proposed in order to achieve a sound balance between approximation and generalization (predictive) abilities of the model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, two numeric data sets are experimented with. One is the numerical data coming from a description of a certain nonlinear function and the other is NOx emission process data from a gas turbine power plant.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

적응적 가중치 윈도우 알고리즘은 기존의 지역적 정합방법의 단점인 낮은 정합률을 보완하면서 전역적 방법에 비하여 실시간 하드웨어 설계가 용이하다는 장점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 객체를 분리하는데 더 유리한 지오데식 가중치 윈도우 알고리즘을 사용하여 실시간 처리가 가능한 시스템을 설계하였다. 효율적인 하드웨어 설계와 처리 효율을 높이기 위해 데이터 의존성에 따른 스케줄링을 분석하였고 계산시간이 가장 긴 가중치 계산을 기준으로 계산 단계를 최소화하여 병렬 처리를 적용하였다. 지수함수 연산은 에러분석을 기반으로 계단(step) 함수로 구현하여 하드웨어 자원을 줄이고 설계 효율을 높였다. 설계한 시스템은 verilogHDL로 설계되었으며 동부하이텍 0.18um 라이브러리를 사용하여 Synopsis를 통해 합성하였고 츠쿠바 영상을 기준으로 2.22%의 에러율과 260MHz(25fps)의 최대 동작주파수, 182K 게이트의 하드웨어 자원을 사용한다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

본 연구는 공대공 미사일 조종날개의 공력 및 구조를 동시에 고려한 구동력 최소화에 대한 최적화를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 조종날개의 공력 및 구조적 특성을 동시에 고려하기 위하여 공력-구조 연계 시뮬레이션을 사용하였으며 공력 및 구조 시뮬레이션에 각각의 전용 소프트웨어를 사용하고자 비정상-약결합 방식 연계기법을 적용하였다. 전역 최적화에는 많은 반복 계산이 필요하므로 빠른 계산을 위하여 수학적 모델링을 이용하였으며 이를 위하여 면 중앙 합성 실험계획법으로 실험점을 선정하였다. 선정된 실험점 및 그에 대한 공력-구조 연계 시뮬레이션 결과를 토대로 2차 다항식 반응면을 생성하였으며 생성된 수학적 모델링을 이용, 유전자 알고리즘 기반 전역최적 설계를 수행하였다. 최적화 목적함수는 마하 0.7 및 마하 2.0 사이의 압력 중심점 이동거리 최소화로 설정하였으며 최적화 결과 압력 중심점 이동거리가 7.5% 감소된 최적형상을 도출하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2009

Changing health awareness has had an important effect on the functional food industry and is creating greater market opportunities. Unfortunately, there is no statement on functional dairy products in the Processing of Livestock Products Act. As a result, there is confusion in the market and legal difficulties with regard to the advertising of functional dairy products. This study was carried out to improve the current standardization of functional dairy products by comparing the domestic Health/Functional Food Act with the Japanese Health Promotion Law, and by investigating scientific data and articles from various literature and the Internet. In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) officially presented the Food with Health Claims (FHC) system that consists of Food with Nutrient Function Claims (FNFC), and innovated Food for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU). In 2005, the FOSHU system was changed to include several new subsystems: Current, Standardized, Reduction of disease risk, and Qualified FOSHU. Finally, to manufacture FOSHU, scientific evidence pertaining to such products must be examined by MHLW. Since FNFC was allowed, only 12 vitamins, ${\beta}-carotene$, and five minerals were approved, though without scientific evidence of efficacy. The Korean Health/Functional Food Act requires that health/functional foods (HFFs) be marketed in measured doses. There are two types of HFFs: generic and product-specific. There are 67 ingredients listed in the act for generic HFFs, and if an HFF has a new active ingredient, it is considered a product-specific HFF. Product-specific HFFs must be approved by the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). With the present standards, it is impossible to label and advertise functional dairy products with health/functional claims. Government agencies must cooperate to solve this problem, and standardization should be carried out by considering existing health/functional products and claims/indications from other countries.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2023

작물 모형은 작물의 유전적 특성을 나타내는 품종모수를 요구하며, 품종모수는 작물의 개별 품종별로 추정되어야 한다. 품종모수의 추정에는 고품질의 많은 생육 자료가 요구되지만, 자료의 생산에 상당한 비용이 필요하다. 비교적 낮은 품질의 가용성이 높은 자료를 활용하는 대신, 대량의 랜덤 모수를 생성하고 이를 평가하여 품종모수를 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 SIMPLE 작물 모델의 불확도를 최소화하기 위해 품종모수 추정 방식을 비교하고, 두 앙상블 방식과 대한 비교를 하였다. 모수 추정을 위한 Metropolis-Hastings (MH) 알고리즘에 대한 목적함수로 로그 가능도(log-likelihood: LL)와 generic composite similarity measure (GCSM)를 사용하였다. 또한 품종모수의 평균값을 사용한 예측(E_pm)과 개별 모수들로부터 얻어진 추정값의 평균값(E_em)의 일치도를 분석하여 앙상블 방식에 따른 불확도 변화를 파악하였다. 국내에서 재배되는 사료용 벼 품종인 조우 벼와 영우 벼를 대상으로 품종모수를 추정하였다. 2013년, 2014년, 2016년에 대한 수원, 전주, 나주, 익산에 위치한 실험포장에서 얻은 수량 관측 자료를 사용하였다. 또한 2016년부터 2018년까지 수원에서 보고된 별도의 수량 관측 자료를 사용하였다. 목적함수에 따라 추정된 품종모수의 분포에 차이가 있었다. LL을 통해 얻은 품종모수는 GCSM으로 얻은 품종모수보다 좁은 범위에 분포하였다. 두 가지 앙상블 접근법은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않음을 확인하였다. GCSM의 상대적으로 높은 불확도는 수용확률을 조정하여 낮출 수 있다고 사료되고, E_pm의 결과는 기존과 다른 앙상블 방식을 통해 적은 연산을 통해 불확도를 낮출 수 있음을 보인다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2018

Purpose: This study provides a treatment for central nervous system development in patients with chronic stroke by investigating changes in the upper limb function over time. The correlations among the activities, participation, and environmental factors of the international classification of functioning (ICF), disability and health are also examined. Methods: The subjects of this study are 18 patients with chronic stroke who were hospitalized and treated at 00 hospital in the Chungcheongbuk-do province. Their upper extremity functions are evaluated using the manual function test (MFT). The activities, participation, and environmental factors are evaluated using the ICF generic form. The correlations between the total scores of the affected and unaffected sides and the ICF items are analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis. The significance level is p<0.05. Results: When the correlations between the activities and participation areas of ICF and the total score of the affected side of MFT were examined, significant correlations (p<0.05) were found in the following items: changing basic body position (D410), lifting and carrying objects (D430), moving around using equipment (D465), using transportation (D470), washing oneself (D510), caring for body parts (D520), and dressing (D540). When the correlations between the activities and participation areas of ICF and the total score of the unaffected side of MFT were examined, significant correlations (p<0.05) were found among writing (D170), speaking (D330), eating (D550), and drinking (D560). In addition, when the correlation between the environment area of ICF and the total score of the unaffected side of the MFT were examined, significant correlations (p<0.05) were found between products and technology for personal use in daily living (E115) and immediate family (E310). Conclusion: The MFT of patients with chronic stroke is closely correlated with the activities, participation, and environmental factors of ICF. This result suggests that ICF can be used as a useful tool to comprehensively evaluate the abilities of the patient, including the upper extremity function.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.244-260
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• 2018

Issues in the electrical characterization of semiconducting photoanodes in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell, such as the cell geometry dependence, scan rate dependence in DC measurements, and the frequency dependence in AC measurements, are addressed, using the example of a $TiO_2$ photoanode. Contrary to conventional constant phase element (CPE) modeling, the capacitive behavior associated with Mott-Schottky (MS) response was successfully modeled by a Havriliak-Negami (HN) capacitance function-which allowed the determination of frequency-independent Schottky capacitance parameters to be explained by a trapping mechanism. Additional polarization can be successfully described by the parallel connection of a Bisquert transmission line (TL) model for the diffusion-recombination process in the nanostructured $TiO_2$ electrode. Instead of shunt CPEs generally employed for the non-ideal TL feature, TL models with ideal shunt capacitors can describe the experimental data in the presence of an infinite-length Warburg element as internal interfacial impedance - a characteristic suggested to be a generic feature of many electrochemical cells. Fully parametrized impedance spectra finally allow in-depth physicochemical interpretations.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2009

The effects of thermo-solutal convection on mercurous chloride system of ${Hg_2}{Cl_2}$, and Ne during physical vapor transport are numerically investigated for further understanding and insight into essence of transport phenomena, For $10\;K{\le}{\Delta}T{\le}30\;K$, the growth rate slowly increases and, then is decreased gradually until ${\Delta}T$=50 K, The occurrence of this critical point near at ${\Delta}T$=30 K is likely to be due to the effects of thermo-physical properties stronger than the temperature gradient corresponding to driving force for thermal convection. For the range of $10\;Torr{\le}P_B{\le}300\;Torr$, the rate is second order-exponentially decayed with partial pressures of component B, $P_B$. For the range of $5{\le}M_B{\le}200$, the rate is second order-exponentially decayed with a function of molecular weight of component B, $M_B$. Like the case of a partial pressure of component B, the effects of a molecular weight arc: reflected through the binary diffusivity coefficients, which are intimately related with suppressing the convection flow inside the growth enclosure, i,e., transition from convection to diffusion-dominant flow mode as the molecular weight of B increases. The convective mode is near at a ground level, i,e., on earth (1 $g_0$), and the convection is switched to the diffusion mode for $0.1\;g_0{\le}g{\le}10^{-2}g_0$, whereas the diffusion region ranges from $10^{-2}g_0$ up to $10^{-5}g_0$.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.673-685
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• 2007

Reinforced concrete beams can be strengthened in a structural retrofit process by attaching steel plates to their sides by bolting. Whilst bolting produces a confident degree of shear connection under conditions of either static or seismic overload, the plates are susceptible to local buckling. The aim of this paper is to investigate the local buckling of unilaterally-restrained plates with point supports in a generic fashion, but with particular emphasis on the provision of the restraints by bolts, and on the geometric configuration of these bolts on the buckling loads. A numerical procedure, which is based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method in conjunction with the technique of Lagrange multipliers, is developed to study the unilateral local buckling of rectangular plates bolted to the concrete with various arrangements of the pattern of bolting. A sufficient number of separable polynomials are used to define the flexural buckling displacements, while the restraint condition is modelled as a tensionless foundation using a penalty function approach to this form of mathematical contact problem. The additional constraint provided by the bolts is also modelled using Lagrange multipliers, providing an efficacious method of numerical analysis. Local buckling coefficients are determined for a range of bolting configurations, and these are compared with those developed elsewhere with simplifying assumptions. The interaction of the actions in bolted plates during buckling is also considered.