• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.220-237
• /
• 2019

Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the poorly rendered services in developing countries - limited resources, increasing population, rapid urbanization and application of outdated systems leads to inefficiency. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the SWM problem. Decision makers need to formulate solutions that consider multiple goals and strategies. Given the large number of available options for SWM and the inter-relationships among these options, identifying SWM strategies that satisfy economic or environmental objectives is a complex task. The paper develops a mathematical model for a municipal Integrated SWM system, taking into account waste generation rates, composition, transportation modes, processing techniques, revenues from waste processing, simulating waste management as closely as possible. The constraints include those linking waste flows and mass balance, processing plants capacity, landfill capacity, transport vehicle capacity and number of trips. The linear programming model integrating different functional elements was solved by LINGO optimization software and various possible waste management options were considered during analysis. The model thus serves as decision support tool to evaluate various waste management alternatives and obtain the least-cost combination of technologies for handling, treatment and disposal of solid waste.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.115-132
• /
• 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explain the agrophotovolatic system built by the Korea South-East Power Company and to propose methods to activate the agrophotovolatic system for the development of the renewable energy industry. Design/methodology/approach We conducted a three-step simulation in order to design a photovoltaic module, and we built the agrophotovolatic system based on the results of the simulation. Then, we analyzed the monthly generation of power and the rice harvests produced on farmland using the photovoltaic module. Based on the results of the analysis, we proposed institutional improvements to increase the use of the agrophotovolatic system, and we proposed new business models to increase the participation of farmers and business persons. Findings When we compared the agrophotovolastic system with the general photovoltaic system, we found that the agrophotovoltaic system had higher utilization rates and power generation. An analysis of rice produced on farmland using the photovoltaic module showed that more than 80% of the rice produced on general farmland was harvested. We suggested activation plans that involved the revision of the farmland law and the introduction of renewable energy certificate (REC). We also proposed a land lease model and a farmer participation model as two new business models, and we conducted economic evaluations and sensitivity analyses for both models.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.382-388
• /
• 2019

Although nanobubbles attract significant attention, their characteristics and applications have not been thoroughly defined. There are diverse opinions about the definition of nanobubbles and controversy regarding methods that verify their characteristics. This study defines nanobubbles as having a size less than $1{\mu}m$. The generation of these sub-micron (nano) bubbles may be verified by induced coalescence or light scattering. The size of a sub-micron (nano) bubbles may be measured by optical, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Also, the size may be estimated by the relationship of bubble size with the dissolved oxygen concentration. However, further research is required to accurately define the average bubble size. The zeta potential of sub-micron (nano) bubbles decreases as pH increases, and this trend is consistent for micron bubbles. When the bubble size is reduced to about 700-900 nm, they become stationary in water and lose buoyancy. This characteristic means that measuring the concentration of sub-micron (nano) bubbles by volume may be possible by irradiating them with ultrasonic waves, causing them to merge into micron bubbles. As mass transfer is a function of surface area and rising velocity, this strongly indicates that the application of sub-micron (nano) bubbles may significantly increase mass transfer rates in advanced oxidation and aeration processes.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2020

This study aims to analyze community support methods and specific attainments of UR rental housing complex S in Japan and examine the present state of community formation.. UR rental housing S is part of the community revitalization support project launched by UR Urban Agency for creating exchanges among residents in the rental housing complex and in this study, the community support project from February to November 2013 was considered. As community revitalization support tasks, five types of events and exchange meetings were held. While the events and exchange meetings continued, even the residents who did not join the residents' association began to make an exchange with each other and their identity as residents enhanced, which means there was a change in the sense of community. Moreover, it is thought that a good solution to maintaining the chance for the events and exchange meetings after the support project is that residents of the younger generation actively cooperate in management as the residents' association members. 5 years after the support project, the present condition of activities of complex residents was examined, but the Residents' Association was disbanded due to the aging of residents, a growth in residents and low participation rates of the younger generation. Besides, there is a complete absence of community activities in the complex now.

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to develop salt tolerant varities of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) which can be grown in the high salty reclaimed land. The seeds of three varieties 'Naehan', 'Tammi', and 'Halla' were treated by proton ion beams and gamma rays with 0 to 2,000 Gy. For the selection of salt tolerant lines, emergence and survival rate, and growth characteristics of $M_2$ to $M_4$ generations were investigated in the Saemangeum reclaimed fields with the different salt concentrations. The lines with potential salt tolerance were selected in the $M_4$ generation and tested indoor for their growth characteristics. There was no significant changes in the soil pH for $M_4$ generation during growth period. However, soil EC was higher in early spring than sowing period (mid October). In $M_4$ generation test, the seeds of original and selected line showed high rates of emergence and survival, as determined one month after sowing. After wintering, however, the original varieties showed the significant reduction in the survival rate, while the selected lines showed a higher survival rate and good growth, leading to the completion of their life cycle. Consequently we selected 9 lines from $M_4$ generation with better performance in growth and yield. Soil EC was $2.8{\sim}4.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ during $M_4$ generation growth period. The laboratory test of the lines selected from $M_4$ generation was made for their salt tolerance potential. The selected lines showed higher chlorophyll and proline contents than the original varieties. There was also no significant difference in the emergence rate of seed between the original and selected varieties. In 200 mM natural sea salt, the $N{\gamma}600-21-1-641$ line derived from 'Naehan' was the highest in growth rate, leaf chlorophyll and proline contents. $T{\gamma}800-20-2-461$ line derived from 'Tammi' didn't show significant difference in growth rate compared to original variety in 200 mM and withered in 250 mM like other lines as time passed. $H{\gamma}200-7-1-740$ line showed similar growth and chlorophyll content compared to its original variety.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
• /
• pp.46-46
• /
• 2003

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a homodimeric protein with a wide spectrum of anti-inflammatory and immune activities. It inhibits cytokine production and expression of immune surface molecules in various cell types. The transgenic mice carrying the human IL-10 gene in conjunction with the bovine $\beta$-casein promoter produced the human IL-10 in milk during lactation. Transgenic mice were generated using a standard method as described previously. To screen transgenic mice, PCR was carried out using chromosomal DNA extracted from tail or toe tissues with a primer set. In this study, stability of germ line transmission and expression of IL-10 gene integrated into host chromosome were monitored up to generation F15 of a transgenic line. When female mouse of generation F9 was crossbred with normal male, generation F9 to F15 mice showed similar transmission rates (66.0$\pm$20.13%, 61.5$\pm$16.66%, 41.1$\pm$8.40%, 40.7$\pm$20.34%, 61.3$\pm$10.75%, 49.2$\pm$18.82%, and 43.8$\pm$25.91%, respectively), implying that the IL-10 gene can be transmitted stably up to long term generation in the transgenic mice. For ELISA analysis, IL-10 expression levels were determined with an hIL-10 ELISA and a mIL-10 ELISA kit in accordance with the supplier's protocol. Expression levels of human IL-10 from milk of generation F9 to F13 mice were 3.6$\pm$1.20 mg/ml, 4.2$\pm$0.93 mg/ml, 5.7$\pm$1.46 mg/ml, 6.3$\pm$3.46 mg/ml, and 6.8$\pm$4.52 mg/ml, respectively. These expression levels are higher than in generation F1 (1.6 mg/ml) mice. We concluded that transgenic mice faithfully passed the transgene on their progeny and successively secreted target proteins into their milk through several generations, although there was a little fluctuation in the transmission frequency and expression level between the generations.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제36권8호
• /
• pp.664-672
• /
• 2009

최근 영상 데이터의 효율적인 표현 및 처리를 위해 텐서를 사용하는 연구가 관심을 모으고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2차 텐서로 표현된 데이터를 효과적으로 분류하기 위한 시스템을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 일반적인 벡터 데이터에 대해 개발되어진 클래스 요인과 환경 요인으로 이루어진 데이터 생성 모델을 확장하여 2차 텐서로 표현된 영상에 적합한 데이터 생성 모델을 정의하고, 이에 적합한 유사도 함수를 제안하였다. 제안하는 유사도 함수는 행렬정규분포를 이용하여 환경 요인의 확률분포를 추정함으로써 얻을 수 있다. 여러 벤치마크 데이터들을 이용하여 실험한 결과 2차 텐서를 사용함으로써 벡터 형태의 표현방식을 사용하는 것에 비해 분류율이 향상되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 제안하는 유사도 함수가 다른 기존의 유사도 함수에 비해 영상 데이터에 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 지열발전 등과 같은 저온 열원을 에너지원으로 하는 발전에 응용될 수 있는 흡수식 동력 사이클의 출력 최적화를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 정상상태 사이클 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 사이클의 성능을 고찰하였다. 시뮬레이션은 열원과 열침의 입구온도 및 유량을 고정한 상태에서 수행하였으며, 일반적인 발전소의 열원-열침 유량비를 고려하였다. 사이클의 성능은 두 개의 독립변수를 이용하여 나타내었는데, 이는 분리기 입구 암모니아 농도와 터빈 입구 압력이다. 시뮬레이션 결과, $100^{\circ}C$의 지열수와 $20^{\circ}C$의 냉각수(지열수 유량의 5배) 조건에서, 흡수식 동력 사이클을 이용하면 지열수 유량 1 kg/s 당 최대 약 14 kW의 출력을 얻을 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.38.2-38.2
• /
• 2010

Biomimetc is a new domain of learning that proposes a solution getting clues from nature. There seems to be a sign of this phenomenon in fields of Renewable Energy. Foe example, Wind power was imitate the whale's fin that was improve efficiency of generating energy. This study focused on the photovoltaic generation as the instance of applying biomimetic. Efficiency is the most important factor in field of Photovoltaic generation. When given solar cell taking the sun light, most important fields of the study are absorb more light and increase the quantity of generation. For improving efficiency, the solar cell were builded up textures of taking a pyramid form, such a surface structure taking a role for remaining the light. This effects do the role as increasing absorbing efficiency. Such phenomenon calls Light Trapping, locking up the light on the surface of solar cell for a long time. Light is a vital factor to plants in the nature. Plants grow up through the photosynthesis that absorbing light for growth and propagation. So, plants make a effort how can absorb more the light in poor surroundings. This study set up a goal that imitates the minute surface structure of plants and applies to the existing solar cells's surface structure, so it can improve the efficiency of absorbing light. We used Light Tools software analyzing geometrical optics to analyze efficiency about new designed textures on the computer. We made a comparison between existing textures and new designed textures. Consequently, new designed textures were advanced efficiency, absorbing rates of light increasing about 7 percent. In comparison with existing and new textures, advancing about 20 percent in the efficient aspect.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제40권10호
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2003

인터넷 트래픽의 폭발적인 증가로 인한 높은 대역폭의 요구와 광 네트워크 기술이 발전되면서 DWDM 네트워크가 국가적 혹은 범세계적인 차세대 광 인터넷(NGOI) 백본망의 대안으로 인식되고 있다. 이러한 DWDM 네트워크 기반의 NGOI에서는 RWA(Routing and Wavelength Assignment) 문제와 생존성이 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 특히 높은 데이터 전송율을 가지는 DWDM 네트워크에서 일어나는 짧은 서비스 파괴는 막대한 트래픽 손실을 야기하므로, AOTN에서의 fault/attack 검출, 지역화, 그리고 회복시킴은 가장 중요한 이슈 중 하나가 된다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 광 백본망 소자들의 fault/attack 취약성 분석을 통한 fault/attack 관리 모델을 제안하고, IP/GMPLS over DWDM 내의 제어프로토콜인 Extended-LMP (Link Management Protocol)와 RSVP-TE+(Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering)를 이용하여 fault/attack 회복 절차를 제시한다.