• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.321-335
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• 2002

Emergence of the fourth generation mobile communication system (4G system) is now in its dawn. This article proposes a perspective framework on the 4G system, and discusses various kinds of system aspects and technological requirements in terms of novel service features, spectrum management, radio access technologies, wired access integration, core network, and mobile terminal. The focus of the article is to define the scope and features of the 4G system in an overall system/network viewpoint. From the foreseeable development trends, it is highly expected that whatever emerges in the 4G system will be some kind of constantly evolving and grand recursive concatenation of all the existing system/network developments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.839-840
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• 2013

In most EW ES equipment, S/W is developed before H/W development. The important thing is the validity of S/W algorithm should be tested before the integration between H/W and S/W. For S/W-alone test, the digital threat signal generation for the signal analysis system is needed. This paper is proposing the simulated IF signal generation which is similar with the real signal.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.635-650
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• 2000

In this paper, the adaptive nodal generation procedure based on the estimated local and global error in the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method is proposed. To investigate the possibility of h-type adaptivity of EFG method, a simple nodal refinement scheme is used. By adding new node along the background cell that is used in numerical integration, both of the local and global errors can be controlled adaptively. These errors are estimated by calculating the difference between the values of the projected stresses and original EFG stresses. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop the reliable nodal generator based on the local and global errors that is estimated posteriori. To evaluate the performance of proposed adaptive procedure, the convergence behavior is investigated for several examples.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various applications in natural language processing and exhibited proficiency in generating programming code. We propose a framework for evaluating the code generation ability of LLMs and introduce a new metric, pass-ratio@n, which captures the granularity of accuracy according to the pass rate of test cases. The framework is intended to be fully automatic to handle the repetitive work involved in generating prompts, conducting inferences, and executing the generated codes. A preliminary evaluation focusing on the prompt detail, problem publication date, and difficulty level demonstrates the successful integration of our framework with the LeetCode coding platform and highlights the applicability of the pass-ratio@n metric.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.12-20
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• 2024

As more devices are used across various industries and their performance improves, artificial intelligence applications are being increasingly adopted. Hence, the rapid development of neural networks suitable for diverse devices can determine the competitiveness of companies. Machine learning operations (MLOps), which constitute a framework that supports neural network generation and its immediate application to devices, have become necessary for the development of artificial intelligence. Currently, most MLOps are provided by major companies such as Google, Amazon, and Microsoft, which provide cloud services supported by large-scale computing power. In addition, various services are provided by the open-source project Kubeflow. We examine basic concepts and technology trends in MLOps and unveil additional functions required in industry.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.109.1-109.1
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• 2011

KEPCO was operating power plants with diesel generators in 49 islands including Baekryeong-Do, and the generation capacity was about 66 MW in 2008. The cost of fuel is increasing by the international oil price inflation and continuous rise of oil price is predicted. For the stabilizing of electric power supply to the separate islands, renewable energy and fuel cell systems were considered. Hydrogen is made using renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy, and then a fuel cell system generates electricity with the stored hydrogen. Though the system efficiency is low, it is treated as the only way to secure the stable electric supply using renewable energy at this present. The analytic hierarchy process was used to select suitable candidate island for the system installation and 5 islands including Ulleung-Do were selected. Economic evaluation for the system composed of a kerosene generator, a wind power, an electrolysis, and a fuel cell system was conducted with levelized generation cost based on present value methode. As the result, the necessity of renewable energy combined generation system and micro grid composition in the candidated islands was confirmed. Henceforth, the development of an integration technology which connects micro grid to the total power grid will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

In this paper, Korea Institute of Energy Research, building integrated renewable energy monitoring system that utilizes solar power generation forecast data forecast model is proposed. Renewable energy integration of real-time monitoring system based on monitoring data were building a database and the database of the weather conditions and to study the correlation structure was tailoring. The weather forecast cloud cover data, generation data, and solar radiation data, a data mining and time series analysis using the method developed models to forecast solar power. The development of solar power in order to forecast model of weather forecast data it is important to secure. To this end, in three hours, including a three-day forecast today Meteorological data were used from the KMA(korea Meteorological Administration) site offers. In order to verify the accuracy of the predicted solar circle for each prediction and the actual environment can be applied to generation and were analyzed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.104-121
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• 2024

This study examined the integration of futurist fashion in 4th-generation K-pop girl groups, focusing on their world views, music videos, and fashion images. The key aim was to identify and analyze distinctive elements of futurist fashion within K-pop. K-pop's global popularity is driven by dynamic music, choreography, and avant-garde fashion. Futurism, an art movement emphasizing technology and innovation, continues to influence contemporary fashion trends in K-pop. This study seeks to provide insights into symbolic meanings and expressions of futurist fashion in 4th generation K-pop girl groups. Groups such as Gidle, Aespa, IVE, LE SSERAFIM, and New Jeans were analyzed. Data were collected from their music videos, lyrics, and costumes, focusing on silhouette, color, material, and pattern. This study highlights the significant role of futurist fashion in K-pop, showing how 4th-generation girl groups lead in integrating these elements. This research provides valuable insights for understanding and further exploring the evolution of K-pop fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.16-26
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• 2010

The transmission valuation methodology we propose here captures the interaction between generation and transmission investment decisions recognizing that a transmission expansion can impact the profitability of new resources investment, so that a methodology should consider both the objectives of investors in resources and the transmission planner. In this perspective, this paper purports to develop the mixed-integer programming based transmission expansion planning optimization software, which is well designed to determine the construction time and place of new generators, transmission lines, and substations as well as their capacities to minimize total expenditures related to their investment and operations while meeting technical constraints such as capacity margin, constitution ratio of power resources, spinning reserves, energy and fuel constraints, transmission line outages and losses, pi-type branching, and so on. Finally, Garver's simple system is adopted to validate not simply the accuracy but the efficiency of the proposed model in this paper.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.659-664
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• 2015

The current railway wireless network uses various communication scheme depending on the section of railway. Therefore, in the train, it is required a specific communication device for the corresponding communication scheme to communicate and exchange data with the control center. To enhance data rate and support various services, LTE-R scheme has been developed for the next generation railway communications. To use both the existing communication and LTE-R schemes, it is required an integration method for encompassing all communication schemes. In this paper, we overview existing railway communications and LTE-R scheme. Then, we develop a network integration method which can be applied by using one terminal in the train. In addition, implementation issues for the integration are also considered.