• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.199-212
• /
• 2023

Nowadays fuzzy logic in control applications is a well-recognized alternative, and this is thanks to its inherent advantages. Generalized type-2 fuzzy sets allow for a third dimension to capture higher order uncertainty and therefore offer a very powerful model for uncertainty handling in real world applications. With the recent advances that allowed the performance of general type-2 fuzzy logic controllers to increase, it is now expected to see the widespread of type-2 fuzzy logic controllers to many challenging applications in particular in problems of structural control, that is the case study in this paper. It should be highlighted that this is the first application of general type-2 fuzzy approach in civil structures. In the following, general type-2 fuzzy logic controller (GT2FLC) will be used for active control of a 9-story nonlinear benchmark building. The design of type-1 and interval type-2 fuzzy logic controllers is also considered for the purpose of comparison with the GT2FLC. The performance of the controller is validated through the computer simulation on MATLAB. It is demonstrated that extra design degrees of freedom achieved by GT2FLC, allow a greater potential to better model and handle the uncertainties involved in the nature of earthquakes and control systems. GT2FLC outperforms successfully a control system that uses T1 and IT2 FLCs.

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2010

Gas sensor array can be widely applied to atmosphere environment, quality control of food, and medical fields etc. So for the commercialization and popularization of sensor technology, this paper looked into the method to provide users with general purpose smart phone and gas sensor array linked together. The reviewed system can detect unknown gas in the air and inform users using smart phone by arraying 8 kinds of common use gas sensor. This system is composed of the sensor module, communication module between sensor array and smart phone application software. In this paper, this prototype system demonstrate convincingly that the application of Gas sensor array to smart phone is a good outlook.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.251-256
• /
• 2008

Morphing method, one of classic image processing algorithms, has been used in various application fields. The motivation of this work is to investigate its applicability in consideration to geo-spatial data including airborne or space-borne images. For this purpose, the Beier and Neely morphing algorithm is tentatively implemented in the form of a prototype with user interface. As the results, this feature-based morphing with paired image sets can be used for general users: image simulation using two or more images and construction of color-blending image between source image and destination image in different types. Some simple application cases were demonstrated. This scheme is the simple and useful approach for those who want to utilize both geo-spatial data sets and airborne/space-borne image sets.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2012.11a
• /
• pp.197-199
• /
• 2012

Recently, a lot of general-purpose application programs in addition to graphic applications have been parallelized for boosting their performance using Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)'s excellent floating-point performance. In order to maximize the application performance on GPUs, optimizing the memory hierarchy and the on-chip caches such as the shared memory is essential. In this paper, we propose techniques to optimize the shared memory, and verify its effectiveness using a pattern matching application program.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2002

Objective: The purpose of this research was to use data for furnish quality physical therapy service. The research subjects were admitted shoulder pain patients treated with physical therapy that was to grasp physical therapy method as distinguishing application time. Subject: Total number of distributed questionnaire was 563 persons that was to utilized physical therapy room of 56th medical institution and distributed it to each physical therapist in charge. Method: The research used questionnaire in order to research itemized treatment application time that is according to physical therapy method to applicated with shoulder pain patient. The research contents is to received shoulder pain diagnosis period, total duration of utilizing physical therapy room, the number of times per week to used physical therapy room, etc. And we had physical therapist recording the time of application physical therapy method come under the items. Result: The average treatment time was 59.2 minutes at all patients. During this time, 39.7 min was modality treatment. Active movement treatment was only 7.1 min. Total treatment time was longest in general hospital at 64.9 min, it was shortest in clinical hospital at 53.3 min. Treatment time was difference as hospital scale(p<0.001). Active movement treatment time was longest in general hospital at 11.5 min. The average treatment time was 4.5 min in clinical hospital. Therefore, it was related to hospital scale(p<0.05). The average of manual therapy time by physical therapist was 7.5 min. General hospital was linger at 8.6 min than clinical hospital at 6.7 min(p<0.05). Patient of 90.2 % were treated to hot pack, ultra-sound treatment was next as 50.1%. Active strengthening exercise was most carrying out of the active treatment as 25.4 %. Active sensorimotor exercise was practiced only 28 persons of 5.0 %. Most joint mobilization (38.4 %) was used of the passive manual therapy items, next to soft tissue mobilization (33.0 %), and next to manual distraction therapy(14.0 %).

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.312-326
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study attempted to analyze the staffing level and critical care nursing fees of intensive care units at tertiary and general hospitals and to provide a professional judgment-based recommendation on staffing level and critical care nursing fee schedules. Methods: Staffing grades and critical care nursing fee schedules for the first quarter of 2017~2020 and the fourth quarter of 2020~2022 were analyzed. A survey was conducted on nursing managers and nurses about the current and appropriate staffing levels. A total of 77 nurse managers and 708 nurses working in Intensive Care Unit(ICU)s at tertiary and general hospitals participated in the study. Results: Grade 1 staffing increased from 25.6% in 2017 to 92.1% in 2022 at tertiary hospitals and from 0.8% in 2017 to 28.4% in 2022 at general hospitals. The current staffing ratios of tertiary and general hospitals were 1:2.21 and 1:2.77, respectively. The appropriate staffing ratio according to nurse managers and nurses was 1:1.00 in patients with more than a ventilator application and 1:2.00 in patients without any ventilator application in tertiary hospitals, and it was 1:1.25 in patients with more than a ventilator application and 1:2.00 in patients without any ventilator application in general hospitals, respectively. Conclusion: The appropriate staffing level was suggested from 1:1.0 to 1:2.0. The new nursing fee schedules were suggested from 1:1.0 (Grade 1) to 1:3.0 (Grade 5) and recommended to be paid based on the staffing grade, minimum number of nurses, and standard annual working days. It is expected to increase staffing levels and provide a better nursing work environment.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.46-54
• /
• 2013

Recently, the marine leisure industry has begun to make a mark on the growth engines of the Korean economy. Hence, various government research projects are in progress to catch up with the fundamental yacht technologies of advanced countries. Research on the integrated management technologies of sail yachts is carried out as a part of those projects. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a basic architecture for robust and high-level management systems. In this paper, we suggest a product-oriented Yacht Work Breakdown Structure (YWBS). General WBS has a drawback in that it can only follow the targeted purpose, but YWBS allows for a generic WBS approach. This concept allows us to apply WBS to multi-purpose uses. The YWBS is used as an infrastructure in information management and for data relationships in sail yacht management systems. YWBS is designed and managed by a web application, and the system is implemented with a website as a user interface. This application has not only a design function, but also a data transfer function that is based on the Microsoft Silverlight platform, a kind of Rich Internet Application (RIA) technology. Using this application, YWBS designers can communicate with the management system without added tasks like as uploading and updating.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.260-270
• /
• 2020

Purposes: Sepsis is a critical condition in which nurses should detect clinical manifestations and provide early intervention to prevent unwanted serious conditions in the patients. The initial occurrence and management of sepsis take place in general units, but there is a lack of knowledge in nurses. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a case-based sepsis education program and compare the case-based education program with and without smartphone applications. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used. We provided a case-based education program with and without smartphone applications to the nurses and tested the effects of the program on knowledge, the accuracy of sepsis assessment, and self-efficacy as outcome variables. A total of 60 nurses in general units participated. To test differences in knowledge, the accuracy of sepsis assessment, and self-efficacy regarding sepsis between the groups over time, a mixed-design ANCOVA was used for parametric analysis, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used for nonparametric analysis. Results: There were significant differences in knowledge, the accuracy of sepsis assessment, and self-efficacy between the groups and within the groups over time. The intervention groups treated with the case-based education program showed improved outcome variables compared to the control group. There was no difference between case-based education with the smartphone application or without the application. Conclusions: The case-based education improved knowledge, the accuracy of sepsis assessment, and self-efficacy in the care of sepsis by nurses working in the general wards. The results suggest that the case-based education program for nurses was effective and eventually improved patient health outcomes.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.147-169
• /
• 2009

This paper deals with disputes incurred from the CISG provisions in relation with the conformity of goods with a view to finding the general way of approach made by the court and arbitration tribunal in the case laws for the interpretation of CISG based on 6(six) cases thereon. Throughout this study, it has been noted that the German Supreme Court devoted most in creating the general principle of CISG interpretation in relation with national compulsory law of regulation applicable on the conformity of goods. It was New Zealand mussels case in which the German supreme court decided that the exporting country's compulsory law of regulation would be applied in determining the conformity of goods. Furthermore, German supreme court added that CISG does not place an obligation on the exporter to supply goods, which conform to all statutory or other public provisions in force in the import state unless the same provisions exist in the export State as well, or the importer informed the exporter about such provisions existing in the import state, or the exporter had knowledge of the provisions due to special circumstances. It is stipulated in CISG that the goods conform with contract if they are fit for the purpose for which goods of the same description would ordinarily be used. When questions arise concerning matters governed by the CISG that are not expressly defined in the CISG, the question is to be settled in conformity with general principles on which the convention is based. Only when such a general principle cannot be found may the tribunal turn to other sources such as UNIDROIT Principles, Principles of European Contract Law and Lex Mercatoria, etc. Interpretation of CISG should be autonomous, in the sense that it should not depend on principles and concepts derived from any national legal system. Even where a CISG rule is directly inspired by domestic law, the court should not fall back on its domestic law, but interpret the rule by reference to the CISG with a view to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.257-262
• /
• 2003

This study is aimed to research the management methodology for the process of GIS database construction. In general, used methodologies are made for the purpose of application program development. And the methodologies reflected GIS characteristics are also applied for GIS software development. But the software methodologies are never introduced to construction of GIS database. In this study, various common methodologies are investigated and analyzed, and the methodology which include the characteristic of GIS database construction process as work steps and detail paths is developed and suggested.