• Title/Summary/Keyword: General Chemistry

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NMR Chemical Shift for 4d$^n$ Systems (Ⅰ). Evaluation of the Required Hyperfine Integrals

  • Sang-woon Ahn;Hyuck-Choon Suh;Kee-Hag Lee
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.17-25
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    • 1983
  • The hyperfine integrals for 4d orbitals have been evaluated adopting a general method which is applicable to a general vector, R, pointing arbitrary direction in space. The operator and the spherical harmonic part of 4d orbitals are expressed in terms of R and r$_{N}$ and the exponential part, r$^{2}$exp(-2${\beta}$r), of 4d orbitals is also translated as a function of R and r$_{N}$ and then integration is performed. The radial integrals for 4d orbitals are tabulated in analytical forms. The hyperfine integrals for 4d orbitals are also represented in analytical forms, using the specific formulas of radial series which we found.

Science-Gifted Class Students' Change in Creative Personality and Creative Thinking Ability and Comparison to General Class Students in the First Grade of High School (고등학교 1학년 과학영재 학급 학생의 창의적 성격과 창의적 인지력 변화 및 일반 학급 학생과의 비교)

  • Kim, Hyung-Do;Kim, Dong-Jin;Park, Kwang-Seo;Kim, Eun-Suk;Jin, Dong-Joo;Park, Kuk-Tae
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.53 no.2
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    • pp.189-201
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to find out whether scientifically creative students were selected as science-gifted class students and whether their creativity improved after class for the science-gifted students by comparing the science gifted class students to general class students in the first grade of high school. This was achieved by comparing science-gifted class students with general ones on creative personality and creative thinking ability. For this study, science-gifted class students and general class students were surveyed using Khatena-Torrance creative perception inventory and Torrance test of creative thinking with words of form A, before and after class for the science-gifted group. The results showed that science-gifted class students scored significantly higher than general class students on the creative personality. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in their creative thinking ability. Also, in this study, the sub-factors of creative personality and those of creative thinking ability showed very low levels of correlation, which implies that the two variables are highly independent. In addition, science-gifted class students did not show significant improvement in their scores on the creative personality and the creative thinking ability after class. Therefore, further research and development on the selection of science-gifted students and teaching-learning methods which can improve the creativity of these students are needed.

Central nervous system activity of the methanol extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella and Bauhinia racemosa (Caesalpinaceae) in experimental animal model

  • Kumar Ramanathan Sambath;Sivakumar Thangavel;Sundaram Rajagopal Shanmuga;Gomathi Periyasamy;Kumar Mani Senthil;Mazumdar Upal Kanti;Gupta Malaya
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.221-231
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    • 2006
  • The aim of the present study is to investigate central nervous system (CNS) activity of the methanol extracts of leaves of Caesalpinia bonducella (MECB) and stem bark of Bauhinia racemosa (MEBR) (Caesalpinaceae) in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats. General behavior, exploratory behavior, muscle relaxant activity and phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time were studied. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of leaves of Caesalpinia bonducella at 100 - 200 mg/kg and stem bark of Bauhinia racemosa 100 - 200 mg/kg caused a significant reduction in the spontaneous activity (general behavioral profile), remarkable decrease in exploratory behavioral pattern (Y-maze and head dip test), a reduction in muscle relaxant activity (rotarod and traction tests), and also significantly potentiated phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time. The results suggest that MECB and MEBR exhibit CNS depressant activity in tested animal models.

Kinetics Studies on the Mechanism of Hydrolysis of S-Phenyl-S-vinyl-N-p-tosylsulfilimine Derivatives

  • Pyun, Sang-Yong;Kim, Tae-Rin;Lee, Chong-Ryoul;Kim, Whan-Gi
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.306-310
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    • 2003
  • Hydrolysis reactions of S-phenyl-S-vinyl-N-p-tosylsulfilimine (VSI) and its derivatives at various pH have been investigated kinetically. The hydrolysis reactions produced phenylvinylsulfoxide and p-toluene sulfonamide as the products. The reactions are first order and Hammett ρ values for pH 1.0, 6.0, and 11.0 are 0.82, 0.45, and 0.57, respectively. This reaction is not catalyzed by general base. The plot of k vs pH shows that there are three different regions of the rate constants $(k_t)$ in the profile.; At pH < 2 and pH > 10, the rate constants are directly proportional to the concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ion catalyzed reactions, respectively. The rate constant remains nearly the same at 2 < pH < 10. On the bases of these results, the plausible hydrolysis mechanism and a rate equation have been proposed: At pH < 2.0, the reaction proceeds via the addition of water molecule to sulfur after protonation at the nitrogen atom of the sulfilimine, whereas at pH > 10.0, the reaction proceeds by the addition of hydroxide ion to sulfur directly. In the range of pH 2.0-10.0, the addition of water to sulfur of sulfilimine appears to be the rate controlling step.

Gold-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of (2-Alkynyl-1-cycloalkenyl)methanols to Highly Substituted Furans

  • Oh, Chang-Ho;Yi, Hyun-Jik;Lee, Kyu-Hwan
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.683-688
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    • 2010
  • A new and efficient Au-catalyzed alkoxycyclization of conjugated enynols offers a general entry to a wide range of highly substituted furans in good to excellent yields. These furans were subjected to diethyl acetylenedicarcoxylate to afford the interesting cycloadducts in good to excellent yields.

Inhibitions of Corrosion of Nickel in Perchloric Acid by mono-substituted Phenyl N-phenylcarbamates

  • A. K. Mohamed;S.S. El;A.S. Fouda
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.564-567
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    • 1989
  • The use of some mono-substituted phenyl N-phenylcarbamates derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for nickel in 1M perchloric acid was studied by galvanostatic polarization. The inhibition appears to function through general adsorption isotherm. However, galvanostatic polarization data suggest that in the case of all seven inhibitors both anode are polarized under the influence of an external current. Electrocapillary measurements have also revealed that the tendency of the inhibitors tested to adsorb on metallic surface follows the same order of efficiency.

Study of Diffusion-controlled Processes. Solution of the Smoluchowski Equation with a Step Potential

  • Kim, Dae-Young;Shin, Seok-Min;Shin, Kook-Joe
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.271-275
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    • 1986
  • The Smoluchowski equation with a step potential is solved in one-dimensional case and three-dimensional case with spherical symmetry. Exact analytic expressions for the solution and the remaining probability are obtained in one-dimensional case for the reflecting boundary condition and the long time behavior of the remaining probability is compared with the earlier work. In three-dimensional case, only the long time behavior is evaluated. More general case with the radiation boundary condition is also investigated and the results are shown to approach correct limits of the reflecting boundary condition.

Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of (E)-1-Alkenyl-1,3,2-benzo-dioxaboroles with Allylic Phenoxides. A Simple Route 1,4-Alkadienes from Alkynes via Hydroboration$^\dag$

  • Sasaya Fumihito;Norio Miyaura;Akira Suzuki
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.329-332
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    • 1987
  • The reaction of (E)-1-alkenyl-1,3,2-benzodioxaboroles with a variety of allylic phenoxides in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd$(PPh_3)_4$ is described. The reaction affords a general and simple procedure for the preparation of 1,4-alkadienes from alkynes via hydroboration.