• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.252-259
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated factors associated with the retention of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) during the first 3 years of treatment. Methods: A retrospective study using electronic health records was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Adult HIV-positive patients who started ART from 2010 until 2020 were included. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with ART retention in the first 3 years. Results: In total, 535 respondents were included in the analysis. The ART retention rates for the first, second, and third years were 83.7%, 79.1%, and 77.2%, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed a negative association between CD4 count when starting ART and retention. Patients with CD4 counts >200 cells/mL were 0.65 times less likely to have good retention than those with CD4 counts ≤200 cells/mL. The year of starting ART was also significantly associated with retention. Patients who started ART in 2010-2013 or 2014-2016 were less likely to have good retention than those who started ART in 2017-2020, with adjusted odds ratios of 0.52 and 0.40, respectively. Patients who received efavirenz-based therapy were 1.69 times more likely to have good retention than those who received nevirapine (95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 2.72). Conclusions: Our study revealed a decline in ART retention in the third year. The CD4 count, year of enrollment, and an efavirenz-based regimen were significantly associated with retention. Patient engagement has long been a priority in HIV programs, with interventions being implemented to address this issue.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Well-established standards and specifications for medical devices not only provide clarity and consistency in licensing processes but also secure device safety and effectiveness. This study reviewed regulatory standards and specifications for veterinary medical devices in Korea based on data obtained through analyses of those medical devices. General standards for electromechanical, electromagnetic, and biological safety and individual standards for 76 electric and 70 general medical device products have been established by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. However, the first standards and specifications for veterinary medical devices were established in March 2000 for two products (disposable needle and syringe). Similar to the large number of standards for medical devices, there have been general standards for safety and individual standards for 72 veterinary medical devices (27 electric medical devices, 12 non-electric medical devices, 10 medical supplies, and 23 other types) established since 2014. These new standards considered, among other aspects, the devices' applications, usage characteristics, and industrial environment. To date, the establishment of standards and specifications for veterinary medical devices remains limited. This study suggests that improvements should be made to the regulation of general and individual standards associated with various veterinary medical instruments, supplies, and in vitro diagnostic medical reagents.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2001

This study examined and identified the relationship between the level of hope and self-care agency in hemodialysis patients. The purpose of the study was to reveal that hope is an essential factor to enhance self-care agency and to prepare the basic materials to help nurse the patients. The subjects for this study consisted of 108 persons who undergoing hemodialysis from 2 hospital, 2 hemodialysis center in Pusan, Korea. The degree of hope was measured by the questionnaire that has been developed by Miller. The self-care agency was measured by the questionnaire that has been developed by Kearney B.Y & Fleisher B.J. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test. one-way ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient with SPSS WIN program. Results were obtained as follows: 1) The mean scores of hope were $131.77{\pm}25.77$(range 67-195). The rate of hope classified said that the lowest hope was 2.8% and low hope was 27.8%. 2) The mean scores of self-care agency were $143.78{\pm}23.63$(range 74-187). The degree of self-care agency classified said that the rate of self-care agency deficiency was 0.9% and low self-care agency was 12.0%. 3) The hope was significantly related to self-care agency. That is, the higher the hope score was， the higher the level of self-care agency score(r=0.668，p=0.001) was. In this result, there were hemodialysis patients who have very low hope score and self-care agency score. In this cases self-care agency can be increased by encouraging the patients to be more hopeful. Conclusively nurses should access the degree of hope and self-care agency of hemodialysis patients individually and apply the hope therapy in order that the patient have higher hope than before.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2017

We present the AKARI far-infrared (FIR) all-sky maps and describe its characteristics, calibration accuracy and scientific capabilities. The AKARI FIR survey has covered 97% of the whole sky in four photometric bands, which cover continuously 50-180 micron with band central wavelengths of 65, 90, 140, and 160 microns. The data have been publicly released in 2014 (Doi et al., 2015) with improved data quality that have been achieved since the last internal data release (Doi et al., 2012). The accuracy of the absolute intensity is ${\leq}10%$ for the brighter regions. Quantitative analysis of the relative intensity accuracy and its dependence upon spatial scan numbers has been carried out. The data for the first time reveal the whole sky distribution of interstellar matter with arcminute-scale spatial resolutions at the peak of dust continuum emission, enabling us to investigate large-scale distribution of interstellar medium in great detail. The filamentary structure covering the whole sky is well traced by the all-sky maps. We describe advantages of the AKARI FIR all-sky maps for the study of interstellar matter comparing to other observational data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.1361-1362
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• 2005

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.409-417
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• 2020

Background: It is well known that the distribution of therapeutic materials is very complex. However, it is not easy to demonstrate the concrete problems caused by distribution channels empirically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the price of therapeutic materials according to the type of purchasing agency and the way in which medical institutions purchase therapeutic materials. Methods: This study compared the claimed prices and the maximum allowable prices for the items of therapeutic material used for general spinal surgery. Results: Ilsan Hospital, which purchased directly without a purchasing agent, had the lowest claimed prices, followed by a large professional purchasing agency, a foundation-related purchasing agency, and a general purchasing agency. In addition, the difference between the claimed prices and the maximum allowable prices according to the purchase type was larger in the expensive treatment materials, and in the case of the lower price treatment materials, it tended to converge to the maximum allowable prices. Conclusion: National health insurance spending for therapeutic materials are to be affected by the distribution channels of them. We proposed several ideas to rationalize the expenditure such as classification of therapeutic materials on the basis of price or other criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.237-248
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• 2001

This study was designed to identify the relation between the Perceived Social Support and the Self-care Agency of high school students in a rural area. The subjects for this study were 250 students living in Chonnam province: among first grade, second grade and third grade students were 98, 89 and 63 respectively. The data were collected during the period from April 2 to 4, 2001. The instruments used in this study were the Generally Perceived Social Support Scale developed by Park, J. W.(1985) and Self-Care Agency Questionnarie developed by Deneys(1981). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation using the SAS PC+ Program. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of the Perceived Social Support was 3.19. 2. The mean score of the Self-care Agency was 2.65. 3. There was a significant differences in school year(F=3.11, p=.046), educational level of the father(F=3.41, p=.035) that of the mother(F=4.07, p=.019), and economic status(F=8.99, p=.000), school performance(F=16.37, p=.000) from Perceived Social Support between general characteristics. 4. There was a significant differences in economic status(F=4.55, p=.004), school performance(F=6.72, p=.002) from self care agency between general characteristics. 5. The relation between the score of the Perceived Social Support and Self-care Agency was significant(r=.49, p=.0001). The relation between the score of the direct Perceived Social Support and Self-care Agency was significant(r=.50, p=.0001) and the relation between the score of the indirect Perceived Social Support and Self-care Agency was also significant(r=.40, p=.0001). In conclusion, it was found that higher score of the Social Support was a higher level of the Self-care Agency, especially the direct Perceived Social Support. The score of the Social Support and Self-care Agency was significantly differentiated according to economic status and school performance.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.78-89
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identity degree on self-care agency & self efficacy of hemodialisis patients. The subjects for the study consisted of 260 hemodialisis patients and the data were collected from April 1st. 2002 to April 30. 2002. The instruments used for this study were the Self-carer As Inventory Scale(Genden & Taylor. 1998) and Concrete Self Efficacy Scale(Joo-Hyen Kim. 1995). The Self-carer As Inventory translated by So Hyang-Sook and was modified by auther of this study. The data were analysed by using SPSS/WIN program and included number. percentange. t-test, ANOV A and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. As the average score Self-care agency indicated $132.21\pm19.11$ points and Self efficacy showed $597.33\pm130.95$points. it can be said that Self-care agency and Self efficacy were high. 2. In the relationship between general and hemodialisis cure characteristics and Self care agency were significant difference in age(F=3.065. p=0.018). married(F=3.160. p= 0.029). religion(F=4.128. p=0.003). hemodialisis cure duration(F=2.615. p=0.049). 3. In the relationship between general and hemodialisis cure characteristics and Self efficacy were significant difference in age (F=2.992. p=0.019). married(F=4.427. p=0.013), job(before attack-F=1.926. p=0.044. after attack-F=1.784. p=0.048). incomes (F=2.235. p=0.041), hemodialisis cure frequency (F=1.718. p=0.042). diet practice (F=2.248. p=0.025). 4. Self efficacy was significantly related to Self-care agency(r=0.474. p<(0.001). That is the higher the self efficacy. the higher the level of Self-care agency. The result in the above showed that more concern and endeavors need to improve hope. medical support. self efficacy, self-care agency of hemodialisis patients.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2000

This study examined the relationship between the level of hardiness and self-care agency of persons with a colostomy. The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of hardiness on self-care agency of persons with a colostomy and to identity factors influencing on. The ultimate goal was to help nurses improve the person's self-care agency and to contribute theoretical base for the planning of supportive nursing interventions to increase the level of self care. The subjects for the study consisted of 43 persons aged above eighteen below seventy had had Miles operation and permanent colostomy. The data were collected from July, 1998 to September 15, 1998. The instruments used for this study were the Health-Related Hardiness (Pollock, 1984) and the Self-carer As Inventory Scale(Genden & Taylor, 1988). The Self-Carer As Inventory translated by So Hyang-sook and was modified by author of this study. The data were analysed by using SAS computerlized program and included number, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Hardiness was significantly related to Self-care agency(r=-0.531. p=0.0002). That is, the higher the hardiness, the higher the level of Self-care agency. 2. In the relationship between general characteristics and traits of persons with a colostomy and hardiness were significant difference in monthly income (F=2.79, p=0.03), problem in stoma management (F=3.29, p=0.01). 3. In the relationship between general characteristics and traits of persons with a colostomy and Self-care agency were significant difference in monthly income (F=2.93, p=0.03), problem in stoma management(F=2.93, p=0.01). Therefore, in order to increase the level of Self-care agency of ostomate Nurses should be helpful to provide them with hardiness training to strengthen their control, commitment and challenge(subconcepts of hardiness).

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.111-116
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• 2012

Far-infrared observations provide crucial data for the investigation and characterisation of the properties of dusty material in the Interstellar Medium (ISM), since most of its energy is emitted between ~ 100 and $200{\mu}m$. We present the first all-sky image from a sensitive all-sky survey using the Japanese AKARI satellite, in the wavelength range $50-180{\mu}m$. Covering > 99% of the sky in four photometric bands with four filters centred at $65{\mu}m$, $90{\mu}m$, $140{\mu}m$, and $160{\mu}m$ wavelengths, this achieved spatial resolutions from 1 to 2 arcmin and a detection limit of < 10 MJy $sr^{-1}$, with absolute and relative photometric accuracies of < 20%. All-sky images of the Galactic dust continuum emission enable astronomers to map the large-scale distribution of the diffuse ISM cirrus, to study its thermal dust temperature, emissivity and column density, and to measure the interaction of the Galactic radiation field and embedded objects with the surrounding ISM. In addition to the point source population of stars, protostars, star-forming regions, and galaxies, the high Galactic latitude sky is shown to be covered with a diffuse filamentary-web of dusty emission that traces the potential sites of high latitude star formation. We show that the temperature of dust particles in thermal equilibrium with the ambient interstellar radiation field can be estimated by using $90{\mu}m$, $140{\mu}m$, and $160{\mu}m$ data. The FIR AKARI full-sky maps provide a rich new data set within which astronomers can investigate the distribution of interstellar matter throughout our Galaxy, and beyond.