• 미생물학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

2000-2004년 국내에서 분리된 S. sonnei 135주를 선별하여 16종의 항균제 내성 유형, $bla_{TEM}$, suulII, tetA, strA등의 내성유전자형을 PCR등의 방법으로 항생제내성 표현형과 유전자형의 유연관계를 파악하였다. 균주들의 생화학적 성상은 전형적 인 이질성 세균의 특성을 나타내었으며, biotyping에서는 g type이 58.5%(79주), a type이 40.0%(54주), e type이 1.5%(2주)로 나타났다. 항균제 16종의 항균제 내성 패턴은 AN, CIP, C, GM등의 약제에는 감수성을 보였으나, SXT 약제에는95.6% (129주), TE 약제에는 93.3% (126주), SM에는 90.4% (122주)등의 순으로 내성을 나타내었다. 두 가지 이상 약제 내성균이 97.8% (132주), 그 중에서 R28 (AM, SAM, TE, TIC, SXT, K, SM, AmC : 8제 약제 내성) 형이 31.1% (42주)를 차지하였으며, 33가지 형태의 다양한 내성 패턴을 나타내었다. $bla_{TEM}$, sulII, tetA 및 strA등의 내성유전자 분포에서는 Disk diffusion법에서 내성을 보인 경우에는 모두 각각의 유전자 증폭산물이 검출되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2004

임상균주인 Enterobacter spp.가 생성하는 신규 chromosomal AmpC $\beta$-lactamases의 유전자형 및 진화적 측면을 고찰하기 위해서 항생제 감수성 시험, pI값 측정, DNA 염기서열 분석, 진화적 유연관계를 새로운 발현$.$분비 벡터를 이용하여 수행하였다. 6개 임상균주에서 cephamycins (cefoxitin and cefotetan), amoxicillin, cephalothin 및 amoxicillin-clavulanic acid에 내성 요인인 AmpC $\beta$-lactamase 유전자를 pMSG1219에 cloning하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. 381-amino-acid $\beta$-lactamase를 암호화 하는 4개의 ampC 유전자($bla_EcloK992004.1$, $bla_EcloK995120.1$, $bla_EcloK99230$ 및 $bla_EareK9911729$)는 E. cloacae MHN1의 chromosomal ampC 유전자($bla_EcloMHN1$)와 99.6% 이상의 상동성을 나타냈으며 두 ampC 유전자($bla_Eclok9973$ and $bla_EcloK9914325$)는 E. cloacae 908R의 chromosomal ampC 유전자($bla_EcloQ9908R$)와 99.7% 상동성을 나타냈다. 이런 결과는 6개 ampC 유전자가 $bla_EcloMHN1$ or $bla_EcloQ9908R$로부터 유래되었음을 시산한다. 발현ㆍ분비 벡터를 이용하여 제조한 6개 transformant의 MIC값 양상 및 정확한 pI값은 E. coli 균주에 외부 유전자의 특성을 고찰하는 목적에 개발된 발현$.$분비 백터(pMSG1219)가 유용함을 의미한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1145-1151
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• 2010

The objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between ovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) DRB1 gene polymorphism and genetic resistance to hydatidosis in Kazakh sheep. The Ovar (ovine MHC) class II DRB1 second exon was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA samples of 702 Kazakh sheep, including 302 sheep with hydatidosis and 400 health controls. PCR products were characterized by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique using five restriction enzymes, i.e., MvaI, HaeIII, SacI, SacII and Hin1I, yielding 14 alleles and 28 genotypes. Comparing the frequency of genotypes in hydatidosis sheep with the control group, it was found that the genotype frequencies of MvaIbc, Hin1Iab, SacIIab, HaeIIIde, HaeIIIdf and HaeIIIdd in control sheep were significantly (p<0.01) higher than in hydatidosis sheep, indicating that a significant correlation existed between these genotypes and resistance to hydatidosis. Genotype frequencies of MvaIbb, SacIIaa, Hin1Ibb and HaeIIIef in sheep with hydatidosis were extremely significantly (p<0.01) higher than in the control group, and the genotype frequency of HaeIIIab was significantly higher (p<0.05), indicating that a marked correlation existed between these genotypes and susceptibility to hydatidosis. By way of analyzing haplotype with these resistant genotypes, the hydatidosis resistant haplotype MvaIbc-SacIIab-Hin1Iab of Kazakh sheep was screened out, and then verified through artificial hydatid infection in sheep. The results indicated that the infection rate of sheep with the resistant haplotype of hydatidosis was significantly lower (p<0.01) than without this resistant haplotype. It showed that the genic haplotype MvaIbc-SacIIab-Hin1Iab of Ovar-DRB1 exon 2 was the resistant haplotype of hydatidosis in Kazakh sheep.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2014

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignancy of biliary duct with a very poor prognosis, is the leading cause of cancer death in countries of the Mekong subregion. Liver fluke infection is the main etiological factor, but genetic variation has been recognized as also important in conferring susceptibility to CCA risk. Nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is a key transcription factor in detoxification and antioxidant defense. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms in the NRF2 gene may be associated with cancer development. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association of NRF2 genetic polymorphism with CCA risk and to evaluate the influence of the NRF2 genotype on survival time of affected patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NRF2 gene, including rs6726395: A/G, rs2886161: C/T, rs1806649: C/T, and rs10183914: C/T, were analyzed using TaqMan$^{(R)}$ SNP genotyping assays. Among 158 healthy northeastern Thai subjects, the allele frequencies were 41, 62, 94, and 92%, respectively. The correlation of NRF2 SNPs and CCA risk was analyzed in the 158 healthy subjects and 198 CCA patients, using unconditional logistic regression. The results showed that whereas the NRF2 SNPs were not associated with CCA risk (p>0.05), Kaplan-Meier analysis of 88 intrahepatic CCA patients showed median survival time with rs6726395 genotypes of GG and AA/AG to be $344{\pm}138$ (95%CI: 73-615) days and $172{\pm}37$ (95%CI: 100-244) days, respectively, (p<0.006). On multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, the GG genotype of rs6726395 was found to be associated with longer survival with a hazard ratio of 0.54 (95%CI: 0.31-0.94). In addition, non-papillary adenocarcinoma was associated with poor survival with a hazard ratio of 2.09 (95%CI: 1.16-3.75). The results suggest that the NRF2 rs6726395 polymorphism can be a potential prognostic biomarker for CCA patients.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1509-1518
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• 2013

An agar-degrading bacterium, designated as strain $G7^T$, was isolated from a coastal seawater sample from Gaya Island (Gayado in Korean), Republic of Korea. The isolated strain $G7^T$ is gram-negative, rod shaped, aerobic, non-motile, and non-pigmented. A similarity search based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that it shares 95.5%, 90.6%, and 90.0% similarity with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Catenovulum agarivorans $YM01^T$, Algicola sagamiensis, and Bowmanella pacifica W3-$3A^T$, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that strain $G7^T$ formed a distinct monophyletic clade closely related to species of the family Alteromonadaceae in the Alteromonas-like Gammaproteobacteria. The G+C content of strain $G7^T$ was 41.12 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain $G7^T$ and the phylogenetically closest strain $YM01^T$ was 19.63%. The genomes of $G7^T$ and $YM01^T$ had an average ANIb value of 70.00%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone of this particular strain was ubiquinone-8, whereas that of C. agarivorans $YM01^T$ was menaquinone-7. The major fatty acids of strain $G7^T$ were Iso-$C_{15:0}$ (41.47%), Anteiso-$C_{15:0}$ (22.99%), and $C_{16:1}{\omega}7c/iso-C_{15:0}2-OH$ (8.85%), which were quite different from those of $YM01^T$. Comparison of the phenotypic characteristics related to carbon utilization, enzyme production, and susceptibility to antibiotics also demonstrated that strain $G7^T$ is distinct from C. agarivorans $YM01^T$. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain $G7^T$ was considered a novel genus and species in the Gammaproteobacteria, for which the name Gayadomonas joobiniege gen. nov. sp. nov. (ATCC BAA-2321 = $DSM25250^T=KCTC23721^T$) is proposed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7529-7534
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• 2015

Background: The epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays important roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) susceptibility and functional polymorphism in the EGF (+61A/G) gene has been linked to increased risk of NSCLC. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the EGF +61A/G polymorphism in risk of NSCLC adenocarcinoma (ADC) occurrence and survival in an Indian population. Materials and Methods: This casecontrol study included 100 histopathologically confirmed NSCLC (ADC) patients and 100 healthy controls. EGF (A61G) was genotyped by AS-PCR to elucidate putative associations with clinical outcomes. The association of the polymorphism with the survival of NSCLC patients was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: It was found that EGF 61AG heterozygous and GG homozygous genotype is significantly associated with increased risk of NSCLC (ADC) occurrence compared to AA genotype, [OR 2.61 (1.31-5.18) and 3.25 (1.31-8.06), RR 1.51(1.15-2.0) and 1.72 (1.08-2.73) and RD 23.2 (6.90-39.5) and 28.53(7.0-50.1) for heterozygous AG (p=0.005) and homozygous GG (p=0.009)]. Patients homozygous for the G allele exhibited a significantly poor overall survival. The median survival time for patients with EGF 61 AA, AG, and GG genotypes was 10.5, 7.4, and 7.1 months (p=0.02), respectively. NSCLC (ADC) patients with GG + AG exhibited 7.3 months median survival compared to the AA genotype (p=0.009). Conclusions: The present study revealed that the EGF A61G genotype may be a novel independent prognostic marker to identify patients at higher risk of occurrence and an unfavourable clinical outcome.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.285-287
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• 2016

Background: The efficacy of standard treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is declining because of antibiotic resistance. Clarithromycin resistance is also increasing in many Asian countries. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of H. pylori infection and clinical association in Laos. Materials and Methods: A total of 329 Lao dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos during December 2010-March 2012 were enrolled in this study. During gastroscopy, 4 biopsies were collected (2 each from the antrum and body) for CLO-test and histopathology. Only the positive CLO-test gastric tissues was stored at $-80^{\circ}C$ in a freezer until DNA was extracted and a GenoType$^{(R)}$HelicoDR test was conducted for detecting mutations in the rrl gene encoding 23S rRNA (clarithromycin resistance) and mutations in gyrA gene (fluoroquinolone resistance). Results: Of the total, 119 Lao patients (36.2%) were infected with H. pylori including 59 males (49.6%) and 60 females (50.4%) with a mean age of 46 years. Clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance of H. pylori infection was demonstrated in 15 (12.6%) and 16 strains (13.4%) respectively. In clarithromycin resistance, the number of patients who had education above primary school and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ were significantly higher than those who had education below primary school and BMI<$25kg/m^2$ (23.1% vs 7.5%, P-value= 0.036 and 20.5% vs 8%, P-value= 0.048, respectively). In fluoroquinolone resistance, the number of lowland Lao was significantly higher than those of non-lowland (highland and midland) Lao ethnic groups (16.7% vs 0%, P-value= 0.039). Conclusions: H. pylori infections remain common in Laos. Clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance with H. pylori infection are growing problems. Education above primary school and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ might be predictors for clarithromycin resistance and lowland Lao ethnicity might be predictors for fluoroquinolone resistance with H. pylori infection in Laos.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-44
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• 2015

Based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) a linkage between several variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in intron 3 of SMAD7 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog7) were, rs12953717, rs4464148 and rs4939827 has been noted for susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study we investigated the relationship of rs12953717 and rs4464148 with risk of CRC among 487 Iranian individuals based on a case-control study. Genotyping of SNPs was performed by PCR-RFLP and for confirming the outcomes, 10% of genotyping cases were sequenced with RFLP. Comparing the case and control group, we have found significant association between the rs4464148 SNP and lower risk of CRC. The AG genotype showed decreased risk with and odds ratio of 0.635 (adjusted OR=0.635, 95% CI: 0.417-0.967, p=0.034). There was no significant difference in the distribution of SMAD7 gene rs12953717 TT genotype between two groups of the population evaluated (adjusted OR=1.604, 95% CI: 0.978-2.633, p=0.061). On the other hand, rs12953717 T allele showed a statistically significant association with CRC risk (adjusted OR=1.339, 95% CI: 1.017-1.764, p=0.037). In conclusion, we found a significant association between CRC risk and the rs4464148 AG genotype. Furthermore, the rs12953717 T allele may act as a risk factor. This association may be caused by alternative splicing of pre mRNA. Although we observed a strong association with rs4464148 GG genotype in affected women, we did not detect the same association in CRC male patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3629-3633
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• 2014

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunosuppressive tumor whose median survival time is only 12-15 months, and patients with GBM have a uniformly poor prognosis. It is known that heredity contributes to formation of glioma, but there are few genetic studies concerning GBM. Materials and Methods: We genotyped six tagging SNPs (tSNP) in Han Chinese GBM and control patients. We used Microsoft Excel and SPSS 16.0 statistical package for statistical analysis and SNP Stats to test for associations between certain tSNPs and risk of GBM in five different models. ORs and 95%CIs were calculated for unconditional logistic-regression analysis with adjustment for age and gender. The SHEsis software platform was applied for analysis of linkage disequilibrium, haplotype construction, and genetic associations at polymorphism loci. Results: We found rs891835 in CCDC26 to be associated with GBM susceptibility at a level of p=0.009. The following genotypes of rs891835 were found to be associated with GBM risk in four different models of gene action: i) genotype GT (OR=2.26; 95%CI, 1.29-3.97; p=0.019) or GG (OR=1.33; 95%CI, 0.23-7.81; p=0.019) in the codominant model; ii) genotypes GT and GG (OR=2.18; 95%CI, 1.26-3.78; p=0.0061) in the dominant model; iii) GT (OR=2.24; 95%CI, 1.28-3.92; p=0.0053) in the overdominant model; iv) the allele G of rs891835 (OR=1.85; 95%CI, 1.14-3.00; p=0.015) in the additive model. In addition, "CG" and "CGGAG" were found by haplotype analysis to be associated with increased GBM risk. In contrast, genotype GG of CCDC26 rs6470745 was associated with decreased GBM risk (OR=0.34; 95%CI, 0.12-1.01; p=0.029) in the recessive model. Conclusions: Our results, combined with those from previous studies, suggest a potential genetic contribution of CCDC26 to GBM progression among Han Chinese.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 1988

포플러류(類)에 대(對)한 유용유전자(有用遺傳子) 삽입에 관(關)한 기초(基礎) 연구(研究)로서, 북미(北美)의 자연잡종(自然雜種) 포플러, P. alba ${\times}$ P. grandidentata 3 클론을 대상으로 Agrobacterium tumefaciens A281과 A348 strain의 감염력을 조사(調査)하였다. Kanamycin 저항성(低抗性)의 neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT-II) 유전자(遺傳子)를 가진 Agrobacterium binary pGA 472 vector와 이들 조직배양(組織培養)된 세 클론의 잎조각을 함께 배양(培養)하여, 형질전환(形質轉換)된 부위(部位)를 선발(選拔)하기 위해서 kanamycin sulfate의 적정농도(適正濃度)를 조사(調査)하였다. A281과 A348 strain 중(中) A281 strain이 가지고 있는 pTiBo542가 binary vector system의 helper plasmid로서의 역할에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 비교적 저농도(低濃度)(10mg/l)의 kanamycin sulfate가 잎조각배양으로 부터 식물체(植物體) 유도를 억제하였다. Kanamycin 저항성(低抗性) 유전자(遺傳子)가 내포된 Agrobacterium binary vector와 잎조각을 함께 배양(培養)한 후(後) kanamycin에 대한 저항성(低抗性)을 가진 callus가 kanamycin(60mg/l)이 들어있는 식물체 유도배지에서 선발(選拔)되었다. Kanamycin 저항성(低抗性) 유전자(遺傳子)에 의해 형질전환된 이들 kanamycin 저항성(低抗性) callus와 정상적인 비교 callus를 kanamycin이 들어있는 식물체(植物體) 유도배지에서 배양(培養)했을때 정상적인 비교 callus는 50mg/l의 kanamycin 농도(濃度)에서 생장(生長)이 억제된 반면, 형질전환(形質轉換)된 kanamycin 저항성(低抗性) callus는 200mg/l의 kanamycin 농도(濃度)에서도 생장(生長)을 계속하였다.