• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2013

Background: The pes anserine bursa lies beneath the pes anserine tendon, which is the insertional tendon of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles on the medial side of the tibia, but it can lie in different sites in the medial knee. Accurate diagnosis of the position of the bursa is critical for diagnostic and therapeutic goals. The aim of this study was to evaluate sonoanatomic variations of the pes anserine bursa in the medial knee. Methods: One hundred seventy asymptomatic volunteers were enrolled in this study. Using ultrasound imaging (transverse approach, 7-13 MHz linear array probe) the sonoanatomic position of the pes anserine bursa and its relation to the pes anserine tendon were evaluated. Additionally, we evaluated the sonoanatomic variation of the saphenous nerve. Results: The position of the pes anserine bursa was between the medial collateral ligament and the pes anserine tendons in 21.2%/18.8% (males/females) of subjects; between the pes anserine tendons and the tibia in 67.1%/64.7% (m/f); and among the pes anserine tendons in 8.2%/12.9% (m/f). No significant differences in the position of the bursa existed between males and females. The saphenous nerve was found within the pes anserine tendons in 77.6%/74.1% (m/f) of subjects, but outside the pes anserine tendons in 18.8%/15.3% (m/f). Visibility of sonoanatomic structures was not related to either gender or BMI. Conclusions: Ultrasound provides very accurate information about variations in the pes anserine bursa and the saphenous nerve. This suggests that our proposed ultrasound method can be a reliable guide to facilitate approaches to the medial knee for diagnostic and therapeutic objectives.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.211-218
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the relation of appearance satisfaction, self-efficacy, and school life adaptation of adolescent and to provide basic data for improving appearance satisfaction, self-efficacy, and school life adaptation. The participants were 199 second grade stndents of three high schools in C city. Data were collected from September 21 to September 25, 2012 and by a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient using the SPSS/WIN(ver.20.0). The score of appearance satisfaction, self-efficacy, and school life adaptation were relatively moderate. The study showed significant differences in the score of appearance satisfaction and school life adaptation according to gender and economic status. Appearance satisfaction and self-efficacy had significantly positive correlations-with school life adaptation. Therefore, these results should be considered when developing intervention programs for improving school life adaptation, self-efficacy, and school life adaptation of adolescent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of obese school children's life style habits in order to help school nurse in controlling and preventing the obesity by health education The survey group is extracted from the students of two elementary schools located in Seongnam city Out of 280 children randomly sampled, 102 children were evaluated to be obese and 178 ones to be normal by the standard of the 1985 Korea Pediatric Association Height and Weight Standard Chart The obese children group was compared with the normal one. For this purpose, the surveyors designed a self questionnaire to obtain the description of general background, exercise including play behavior, eating behavior, and family environment of the sampled children. The results are as follows The number of the obese children who took extracurricular physical exercises was significantly (p<0.05) more than that of the normal ones The significantly (p<0.05) more obese children went without a meal to control their weight than the normal ones. In relation to the degree of obesity, the children with the high degree of obesity watched the television significantly (p<0.05) longer than the ones with the mild and the moderate degree of obesity In gender relations, the obese girls participate in outdoorplays and physical exercises significantly (p<0.05) longer and more regularly than the normal ones, while no significant difference was found between the male groups The obese boys had significantly (p<0.05) their mothers occupying in a vocation. Combining television watching habit and mother's vocation of the obese boy, the obesity is resulted from complicated situation It can not be due to the simple absence of the mother, but rather due to the absence of a person responsible for controlling snacking and television watching time of the child Looking at the results, it is necessary for both school and home to actively involve in guiding children and providing an environment to modify life style habits and prevent childhood obesity.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) on the clinical parameters in trauma patients. Methods: From January 2011 to March 2013, the records of a total of 102 trauma patients with BAC data were analyzed retrospectively. The revised trauma score (RTS), injury severity score (ISS), presence of shock, use of mechanical ventilation and blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, and mortality were collected. Patients were divided into four groups in accordance with the level of BAC: group A (<100 mg/dL), B (100~200 mg/dL), C (200~250 mg/dL), and D (>250 mg/dL). Patients were also divided into two groups depending on the presence of the shock, and gender, ISS, BAC, and presence of active bleeding were compared between these two groups. Results: No statistically significant differences in the ISS, RTS, presence of active bleeding, use of mechanical ventilation, and mortality were noted between groups A to D. However, the presence of shock was significantly higher in group D. After patients with severe chest injuries had been excluded, mechanical ventilation was found to have been applied more frequently in the higher BAC groups (C and D). A logistic regression analysis of these factors showed that extremely high BAC (>250 mg/dL) was an independent indicator of shock. Conclusion: High BAC is a predicator of shock and the need for mechanical ventilation in patients with trauma, regardless of injury severity. Alcohol intoxication leads to an overestimate of the clinical condition and aggressive management for trauma patients. Thus, a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients intoxicated with alcohol is necessary.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to observe the children's perception for divorce remarriage and resilience according to their gender and school grades so that the relation between children's resilience and the perception for parents' divorce and remarriage could be established theoretically, practically and educationally. The subjects were 537 elementary school students who were in 4, 5, 6 grades, The data was collected by a self-administered socio-demographics and children's perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience. The data from this research were analyzed by using SAS program. The results were as following: 1. The female students had the positive perceptions about divorce even if there was no statistical significant differences in the perception between male and female students, and the more optimistic ideas towards divorce also apply to the higher grade students rather than the lower grade ones. 2. The female students showed more positive perceptions for remarriage more than the male did. There was no statistical significant difference in the general idea about remarriage according to the school grades, but in terms of the absence of children and the financial status, the statistical significant differences existed. 3. The students' resilience was higher in the females rather than in the males and became lower with the grade. 4. There were no relations between divorce remarriage and children's resilience degrees. As mentioned above, the students' perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience expressed differently according to genders and school grades. The result of this study can be used for the counseling and developing the programs for the families which experience divorce and remarriage.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.331-348
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data for nutrition education of the children in a health promoting elementry school. The data was collected by a questionaire of food habits, and anthropometric measurement and biochemical test in comparison with obesity index. The study subjects were boys and girls aged 10 to 12 years who participated in the “99 Children Nutrition Camp”. The average obesity index was 1.7$\pm$21.6% in boys and -11.4$\pm$12.6% in girls. After school, major leisure items were significnatly different by gender but both boys and girls played mainly computer game. In concern for body image and eating habits, girls had more concern and girls had attempted weight control more than boys. 80.2% of subjects had prejudice for special food, especially, all subjects in the severely underweight group had prejudice. But this tendency was significantly decreased with the increasing obesity index. The lowest preferency was for vegetables(64.4%). The tendency of prejudice of subjects was higher whose mother are thirties than those of subjects whose mother are in fourties. The serum GOT and GPT values were significantly higher in overweight and obese group than the other groups. The only serum T-chol was significantly higher in boys than in girls. The number of risk factors related to coronary heart disease(CHD) based on coresponding criteria of TG, T-chol, HDL-chol, and LDL-chol was not increased significantly with the degree of obesity index. The results indicated the need of nutritional management for the children. At a point of view, to educate children early who are able to change food habits and life-styles means to help heathy growth and to deliver up heathy adults. Active nutrition education for both children and mothers will be recommended with joint participation of nutritionists in community public health center and elementary school.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.103-117
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• 2010

This study investigated emotional-utilitarian motivation to visit a coffee shop and segmented the market based on motivational factors realizing that coffee is considered as emotional and utilitarian goods in reality. As a result of market segmentation, three groups were identified: emotional consumers, utilitarian consumers, and passive consumers. Choice attributes of visiting a coffee shop according to each group were found to be significantly different. Firstly, emotional consumers highly perceived the importance of the emotional factors such as 'coffee taste and mood', 'special coffee', 'clean space' and also the utilitarian factors such 'price benefit', 'internet access,' etc. Therefore, emotional consumers could be utilitarian one at the same time. On the other hand, utilitarian consumers were highly aware of the importance of 'independent space available for a group meeting', 'degrees of being crowded', and 'facilities such as a bathroom and smoking area.' As for the demographic and the behavioral factors of having coffee, only gender, types of coffee, time and places have a significant relation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the factors affecting tooth loss and the association between smoking and tooth loss, by using the forth Korea National Health and National Examination Survey(2007-2009) of 1,565 elderly people over 65 years old. In terms of the characteristics, as age increases, tooth loss increases. In particular, according to the results of the analysis that identify the correlation between smoking to gender, socio-economic status and dental visiting patterns after correcting socio-economic factors and behavior, it is clear that male's tooth loss is higher than female's in current smoking and tooth loss is caused highly in the lower socio-economic status. In the dental visiting patterns, tooth loss is high when visiting more than twice a year. Therefore, it seems to need a preventive non-smoking policy at the level of dental services through further studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.655-663
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• 2014

Currently forest interpreter has become one of occupations, and the demand for forest interpretation has been increasing. For that reason, it is important to achieve the goal of forest interpretation and to satisfy its customers. Therefore, this research examined the relationship between organizational commitment and job motivation and analyzed the effects of job motivation on organizational commitment. Firstly, the mean value for interpreters' job motivation was classified into three factors, which were social relationship, affection for forest, and self-development. Secondly, organizational commitment was classified into two factors of goal-oriented and relation-oriented commitments. Thirdly, gender and number of participation made significance differences in job motivation. In addition, organizational commitment of interpreters was different in accordance to their age and affiliated organization. Finally, job motivation had positive impacts on organizational commitment, and especially social relationship influenced positively to general organizational commitment and goal-oriented commitment.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

Objective : This study was carried out with focus on written by Joh, Taek-seung (曺澤承) and Joh, Byeong-who(曺秉矦) in the relation of father and son in 1933. This book is a medical book including rare data, which has never been reported to academic circles all this while. Method : First, this study looked into the authors of this book and its history of publication. Further, this study analyzed the composition and contents of this book. Lastly, this study summed up the meaning of this book from the standpoint of medical history. Result : The authors were Confucian doctors who were active in the latter era of the Joseon Dynasty and also in the period of Japanese colonial rule. They lived in Haenam district of Jeonlanam-do, and cured its neighboring local residents while studying. They published the book of by putting together their own medical experiences. The authors suggested their remedial prescription according to gender and age whereas Zhang Zhongjing(張仲景) suggested the remedial prescription according to Six-Meridian Pattern Identification & Syndrome Differentiation(六經辨證). In addition, the authors of gave weight to the relationship with internal damage. Additionally, the authors not only thought much of the relationship between internal damage and external damage but also thought of the weakness and strength of the healthy qi, and the new and the old of a disease as an important clue to medical treatment. It seems that such contents was influenced by (東醫寶鑑). Conclusion : shows the results of the research on which was spontaneously conducted in Joseon.