• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.68-82
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• 2016

Destination choice analysis is an important issue of transportation demand research. The current study analyses the influential factors for university students' trip destination choice. The university students differ from other population groups in many aspects. The study is concerned with shopping, leisure and amusement purposes of trips, other than obligatory trips such as going to school. University students' daily life differs from those of employees and middle and high school students in the sense that a lot of flexible activities are mixed with fixed activities such as work and school attending. A multinomial logit analysis investigates the significance of the impact of a set of variables including residential location, gender and income of the university student. The results show that these variables affect the destination choice of shopping, leisure and amusement. The analysis also provides interesting interpretation of the relationships of the variables with the location choices, which are particularly relevant to the university students.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2008

Cellular phones are the most used electronic device everyday in modern life and are always in contact with our hands, Although many studies have revealed microorganisms living on our hands, there are only a few reports on the research about products or places which are in contact with our hands. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify microorganisms living in cellular phones. Microorganisms were scraped from cellular phones of students and professors from the clinical laboratory science department in Daegu Health College, and cultured at Brain Heart Infusion agar and MacConkey agar following API kit to identify them. The average colony number was $1.5{\times}10^2$ on BHI agar and $40{\times}10$ on MacConkey agar. There was no difference according to gender. In Gram stain result, Gram(+) Cocci showed the highest frequency. Also in BHI agar plates, Micrococcus spp and Acinetobacter baumannii identified with high frequency. Moreover, S. aureus, which is very well known as strong food poisoning bacteria, was isolated. Klebsiella pneumonia ssp pneumonia was isolated with the highest frequency from the MacConkey agar or S-S agar plate. From these results show, there are as many different microorganisms from cellular phones as from our hands. This is the first report isolating strong food poisoning bacteria in cellular phones. Since infection in hospitals have been an important issue to be aware of, it is equally necessary to investigate cell phones and products which hospital workers touch with their hands.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2015

Objective : Venous thromboembolism (VTE) after spinal surgery affects a patients' postoperative recovery and also carries a mortality risk. Some studies recommended chemical prophylaxis for high-risk patients and for those after complex spinal surgeries. However, chemoprophylaxis for VTE in spinal surgery is underemployed and there is no agreement on the use of VTE prophylaxis in spinal surgery. The aim of this study was to document the incidence of VTE after an elective instrumental spinal surgery, among those receiving preoperative chemoprophylaxis as compared with patients who did not receive it. Methods : This study was carried out on eighty-nine patients allocated randomly to receive either low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or no prophylaxis before elective instrumental spinal surgery. All patients received postoperative compression stockings. A compression Doppler ultrasonography was performed for all patients to detect postoperative deep vein thrombosis. In addition, further imaging studies were performed for patients suspected of VTE. Results : Three (3.3%) patients were diagnosed with VTE. One of them had received preoperative chemoprophylaxis. There were no significant difference in incidence of VTE between the two groups (p>0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-8.7). Laterality of gender and postsurgical recumbence duration were all independent predictors of VTE (p=0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion : The difference in the incidence of thromboembolic complications between the two groups was not significant. Moreover, we found that preoperative prophylactic LMWH injection has no major bleeding complications altering postoperative course; still, the issue concerning the initiation time of chemoprophylaxis in spinal surgery remains unclear.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.845-849
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• 2016

Background: Worldwide, the incidence of cancers is increasing and is becoming a major public health issue, including those in the Asia Pacific region. South-East Asia is a region with diverse populations with different disease spectra. This study looked at the spectrum of cancers among South-East Asians working in Brunei Darussalam. Materials and Methods: The cancer registry from 1994 to 2012 maintained by the State Laboratory was retrospectively reviewed. Crude incidence rates were calculated based on the population census of 2010. Results: Altogether, there was a total of 418 cancer cases diagnosed among South-East Asians, giving an incidence of 5.1% (n=418/8,253). The affected nationals in decreasing frequency were Malaysians (53.1%), followed by Filipinos (25.8%), Indonesians (15.3%), Thais (3.8%), Myanmese (1.7%) and Vietnamese (0.2%) with no recorded cases for Singapore and the People's Republic of Laos. The overall mean age of diagnosis was $46.1{\pm}4.2$ years old, with an increasing trend over the years (p<0.05 ANOVA). The overall gender ratio was 42.3:57.7 (male:female), more females among the Filipinos and Indonesians, more males among the Thais, and equal representation among the Malaysians and the Myanmese. The most common were cancers of the digestive system (19.9%), followed by female reproductive/gynecologic system (16.0%), breast (15.6%), hematological/lymphatic (12.0%) and head/neck (8.1%). There were differences in the prevalence of cancers among the various nationalities with highest crude incidence rate among the Myanmese (141.2/100,000), followed by the Malaysian (88.5/100,000), and the Filipinos (40.6/100,000) and the lowest among the Thais (18.4/100,000), Indonesians (10.5/100,000) and the Vietnamese (6.3/100,000). Conclusions: Cancers among South-East Asian residing in Brunei Darussalam accounted for 5.1% of all cancers. The most common cancers were cancers of the digestive, gynecologic/female reproductive system and breast with certain types slowly increasing in proportions. There mean age of diagnoses was increasing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10367-10374
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• 2015

Background: Cancer and non-communicable diseases are a major issue not only for the developed but also developing countries. Public health and primary care nursing offer great potential for primary and secondary prevention of these diseases through community and family-based approaches. Within Thailand there are related established educational curricula but less is known about how graduate practitioners enact ideas in practice and how these can influence policy at local levels. Aim: The aim of this inquiry was to develop family nursing practice in primary care settings in the Isaan region or Northeastern Thailand and to distill what worked well into a nursing model to guide practice. Materials and Methods: An appreciative inquiry approach involving analysis of written reports, focus group discussions and individual interviews was used to synthesize what worked well for fourteen family nurses involved in primary care delivery and to build the related model. Results: Three main strategies were seen to offer a basis for optimal care delivery, namely: enacting a participatory action approach mobilizing families' social capital; using family nursing process; and implementing action strategies within communities. These were distilled into a new conceptual model. Conclusions: The model has some features in common with related community partnership models and the World Health Organization Europe Family Health Nurse model, but highlights practical strategies for family nursing enactment. The model offers a basis not only for planning and implementing family care to help prevent cancer and other diseases but also for education of nurses and health care providers working in communities. This articulation of what works in this culture also offers possible transference to different contexts internationally, with related potential to inform health and social care policies, and international development of care models.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

IP QoS is not required to overcome the limitations of the existing Best Effort Service to connect to the explosion of the Internet traffic revenue. To IP QoS requirements of next-generation communication network, Metric Sizing Methodology is very important. However, IP networks have been developed with a focus gender flexibility and scalability than the QoS. Therefore, it is necessary to secure the quality measures for different existing IP technology to apply QoS in IP networks. When establishing the connection quality and transmission quality, based on the IP QoS(Quality of Service) objective data quality metrics can be obtained by analyzing the communication quality hindrance. Understanding the communication quality level may evaluate quality sensitive area and quality hindrance. Establish effective quality metrics can be expected to promote effective and customer satisfaction through improved quality, improved call quality for this issue.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.253-280
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• 2007

This study explores the discoures of family and family policy in the legislative process of Strong Family Act. Critical discourse analysis was used. The results are follows. The Strong Family Act made family issue as a political agenda in spite of much critics. The characteristics of the family discourse in "strong family camp": 1) The emphasis on the moral principle in family 2) denial of deinstitutionalization of family 3) regarding the family problem as a moral and individual problem 4) regarding the state as managing and controling the family. The characteristics of the family discourse in "critical camp": 1) strong family discourse is related to "the family" ideology 2) regarding the family problem as a social, structural problem 3) regarding the state as subsiding, supplementing families. The characteristics of the family policy discourse in "strong family camp": 1) casual efficiency as justifying logics 2) family policy as means to recover family values 3) deunifying the family policy. On the one hand, the characteristics of the family policy discourse in "critical camp": 1) social consensus and academic discussion as justifying logics 2) regarding the family policy as a means of gender equality and strategical point of welfare state expansion. The discourse of family and family policy, especially 'Strong Family Discourse" resulted in conjugation of nationalism and neoliberalism.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.437-441
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• 2008

The community mixed-support facility in Japan is making efforts to try various approaches according to the changes made to allow the privatization of public facilities on the basis of Act on Special Measures for Urban Regeneration since 2004. Due to this change in policy, the community mixed-support facility is now taking further steps in trying to implement variety of approaches in the perspective of urban regeneration and urban maintenance and at the same time the trend of installation of community facility has gone through vivid changes for the last 20 years. The causes of this are from the social demand that claims for of new facilities and the change in the subsidy system in relation to equality in facility installation. Examples of the first cause can be the building of perpetuating educational society, an execution or a movement towards the society of gender equality, a countermovement for an aging society as well as a welfare society, and recently social phenomenon related to consumption is becoming an issue. And for the last, the number of construction of facilities is increasing that grow out of the traditional facility system. The complex of community mixed-support facility will provide public administrative and community mixed-support services to local people as well as to form a notion of community and a feeling of solidarity. Ultimately, this will develop local areas by regional interchanging of information. In this very research, we will analyze the community mixed-support facility and its characteristics as well as its implications and consider the types of complex through many preceding instances in Japanese community mixed-support facility.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2006

Objective : Associations of vascular risk/disease or apolipoprotein E ${\varepsilon}4$(APOE4) with geriatric depression has been unclear at a population level. This study aimed to evaluate whether there would be interactions of vascular risk/disease and APOE4 on depression in a Korean elderly population. Methods : 732 community residents aged 65 or over were assessed for depression(GMS), information on vascular risk/disease(reported stroke, transient ishemic attack, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, smoking), examinations for vascular risk/disease(blood pressure, blood tests for glucose and lipid profiles, body size), APOE genotypes, demographic characteristics(age, gender, education), physical health, and cognitive function(MMSE). Results : Previous stroke and lower level of high density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol were significantly associated with geriatric depression independent of demographic characteristics, physical illnesses, and cognitive function. These associations were statistically significant only in those with APOE4, although the interaction terms didn't reach to statistical significance. Conclusion : Associations between vascular risk/disease and geriatric depression might be more prominent in those with APOE4. However further research would be needed to clarify this issue.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.43-53
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• 2012

This study was conducted considering current little research and needs on teacher variables, one of the critical factors, for the government's plan for the 'Smart Education 2015'. Accordingly, the study investigated the effects of teachers' personal backgrounds and understandings on attitudes towards Smart Education. A total of 264 survey responses were analyzed from the participants of middle school teachers in the Metropolitan area. As a results, it was found that the teachers' did not understand Smart Education much and there needed to be improvements on attitudes toward Smart Education as well. Meanwhile, age was a significant variable for attitudes, however, gender and possession of smart devices were not. For successful implementation of Smart Education in the near future, enhancement of understandings and attitudes, professional developments considering ages, and further research on the issue for students and parents were suggested.