• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to provide the guidelines for the dietary lift by analyzing and studying the dietary behavior and food preference based on the gender. In the questions whether students' food preference is similar to their parents' or not, girls answered their food preferences were similar to them (M = 3.36), but boys not (M : 2.90). In the question if the knowledge learned in school has an effect on the choice of food, girls and boys answered it did not affect them, but there was a slight difference according to the gender; boys(M = 2.54) were under less influence than girls (M = 2.88). According to the gender, there was a meaningful difference in the food preference in meat, eggs, fish and shell, beans, milk and milk products, anchovies, fruits, fats and oils, beverage, and processed food. School education had a little influence on the habits of dietary life, only 8.0%. So more practical nutrition education was needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.257-265
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• 2000

진기함추구성향 (novelty seeking)이란 새롭고 다양한 경험을 추구하는 소비자의 욕구로서, 혁신행동의 인지적 근본으로 간주되기도 한다. 본 연구는 소비자의 진기함추구성향, 패션혁신행동, 그리고 대인영향력간의 관계를 조사하고, 이러한 관계가 성별(gender)에 따라 차이가 있는지 조사하였다. 대학생집단을 표본으로 한 설문지조사를 통해 자료가 수집되었으며 , 539장의 응답자가 분석되었다. 여자대학생이 모든 변인(진기함추구, 패션혁신행동, 대인영향력, 의복흥미, 정보추구)에 있어 남자대학생보다 높은 경향을 나타냈으나, 변인들간의 관계에 있어서는 뚜렷한 성차가 보이지 않았다. 정보추구행동이 패션혁신행동에 영향을 주는 공통변인으로, 의복흥미, 정보추구활동, 패션혁신행동이 대인영향력에 영향을 주는 공통변인들로 나타났으나 진기함추구성향은 패션혁신 행동과 대인영향력에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 새로움과 다양함을 시도하려는 성향/의도는 채택이라는 실질적인 행동을 수반하는 패션혁신행동을 예측하는데는 충분하지 않은 것으로 보인다.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.197-208
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• 2012

There's an opinion that it may be a combination of change of values and social economic factors that caused low fertility of Korean society. This study intends to analyze actual conditions of family children values and gender role centered on university students in a marriageable age so draw a policy implication for overcoming low fertility. Main findings of this study are like following. First, as for analysis of childbirth intention shows average score of $3.35{\pm}1.142$ presented sex distinction that men have a higher tendency to women. Second, in gender role attitudes, it shows that gender role related on women's social activities($2.06{\pm}0.739$), traditional gender role in family($2.41{\pm}0.789$) influence on childbirth intention (p<0.001). Third, in family children values indicates moderate scores($2.95{\pm}0.648$) that son's position in family ($2.33{\pm}0.911$), relation between children and parents($2.80{\pm}1.050$), individual's position in family($3.56{\pm}0.671$) influence on childbirth intention(p<0.000) in the traditional values. Measures against low fertility will prove effective when family values are established favorable to marriage, childbirth, rearing, gender equality is settled in a society as a whole and related systems.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.229-239
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• 2020

This paper examines the impact of gender on access to debt finance among Vietnamese enterprises. The paper investigates data and variables retrieved from the World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset using five Probit models. The regression results suggest that there exist more unfavourable debt financing conditions for women-led firms (WLF), measured as a lower probability of having loan applications fully approved. Firm's age, working sector, and perception of access to finance as a difficulty are found to have explanatory power on the discrimination. More importantly, the perception of debt finance as a difficulty or firms' level of confidence significantly explains the variance of the dependent variable of probability of loan approval, or gender effect would be more pronounced if the firm already has a low level of confidence. The paper also contributes in testing for the gender effect on Vietnamese enterprises from different sectors and scale, unlike other prior research papers focusing on specific sectors and/or small and medium enterprises only. The findings are highly useful for Vietnamese credit institutions to set out a specific business policy to attract more WLFs and help promoting gender equality in the working environment, especially in debt financing, which is often neglected in existing regulation and policy frameworks.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.135-148
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of clothing colors, clothing styles on women's body image perception. The experimental design was 2${\times}$2${\times}$9(perceiver's gender ${\times}$clothing styles${\times}$clothing colors) factorial design with between-subjects design. Subjects were 320 college students in the metropolitan area of Seoul. Perceiver's gender, clothing styles, and clothing colors gave a significant influence on the 3 variables of shoulder, the upper half of the body, and bust. Shoulder and the upper half of the body had an interaction effect by clothing styles and clothing color. Perceiver's gender gave a significant influence on hip size, length of leg, height, clothing styles did a significant influence on hip size, length of leg, height, and slender figure. Clothing colors gave a significant influence on length of leg, height, and slender figure. Length of leg and slender figure had an interaction effect by perceiver's gender and clothing styles. Hip size had an interaction effect by perceiver's gender and clothing color. Hip size had an interaction effect by clothing styles and clothing color. The results of this study support that coloration of clothing and clothing style affects perception of stimulus persons wearing apparel.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

The competition to acquire customers with repurchase intention is getting more and more intense in the saturated smartphone market. That is why the aim of this study is to investigate the difference in purchasing determinants between various age groups and gender. Furthermore we aimed to analyze which of the purchasing determinants influence repurchase intention. In order to gather information we conducted a survey on 252 respondents. We selected 5 purchasing determinants (A/S, H/W, switching cost, network effect and design) by conducting factor analysis and validity analysis. Then we analyzed how respondents of different age groups and gender perceived different purchasing determinants and analyzed the influence purchasing determinants have on repurchase intention. As for analyzing the difference of purchasing determinants throughout various age groups, the H/W, A/S, network effect showed a notable difference. The older respondents tended to consider H/W, A/S, network effect more importantly than younger respondents. When it came to comparing the results depending on the gender, male respondents tended to consider H/W factor more importantly compared to female respondents and the opposite was true for other factors such as A/S, switching cost, design, and network effect but there weren't any significant differences. Finally, out of various determinant factors, network effect and design turned out to have a considerable influence on repurchase intention. That is why it would be highly appropriate to say that if a company intends to boost repurchase intention, enhancing network effect and developing an effective design would be crucial. This study differs from other existing researches in that we analyzed respondents from different age groups and gender separately. Also unlike other researches we directly analyzed the influence purchasing determinants have on repurchase intention not customer satisfaction. This study is expected to serve as basic information that can be used to establish strategies both in an academic and practical level, allowing companies to boost the repurchase intention of the smartphone market.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.155-170
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• 2003

By analysing women's identity rooted in Korean families and welfare policies related to families, this research aims to explore more gender-equal family welfare policies for the future. This research examines the change of families along with social changes, women's identity in families, the present family welfare policies, and women's identity in the family welfare policies. Social changes and the demand of market make influence on function and form of families. However, the broad social format of patriarchy persists and women's gender identity and gender role in families make little differences as ever. These women's gender role and gender identity are found in welfare policies related to families as they are. The women is regulated as dependent on male partner with the primary responsibilities on child rearing and elderly care. In addition, only focusing on families in need, Korean family policies are not generally established. Therefore, now, it is strongly suggested that Korean family policies concerning more diverse families should be launched with the gender-sensitive perspective.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2014

This study empirically compares the influence of sex-appeal fashion Point-of-Purchase (POP) types on attitude towards advertising. It also highlights the moderating roles of gender and the level of sensation seeking. Three sex-appeal fashion POP types (nude/semi-nude/body conscious) were developed for this study and the interaction effect of the types of sex-appeal fashion POP advertising and gender was tested. In addition, interaction effect of the types of sex-appeal fashion POP advertising and the level of sensation seeking (high/low) was tested. The results found that gender influenced consumer attitudes toward sex-appeal fashion POP advertising type. Male consumers showed a more favorable attitude toward advertising for the nude type than others; however, female consumers showed a more favorable attitude toward advertising for semi-nude and body conscious type than the nude type. The results also found a significant two-way interaction effect of sexual POP advertising types and sensation seeking on attitude toward POP advertising. High sensation seekers preferred nude and semi-nude type POP advertising to body conscious POP advertising. It is useful to investigate how various marketing factors support attitude toward POP advertising in the context of sexual fashion POP advertising and which factors exert the strongest influence within different degrees of nudity.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.33-55
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• 2022

Objective: The aims of this study is to investigate the internal and external environment surrounding fathers and to promote play-participation with children and father-Infants Intimacy by identifying the influence of a father's belief concerning gender-equal parental role and the mother's roles as a gatekeeper. Methods: The participants of this study were 291 fathers who had infants ranging from 1-36 months of age and were living in Seoul and South Chungcheong Province. The data were collected through the questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS 24.0. Results: The main results are as follows. First, gender roles, livelihood keeper-father beliefs, importance of father rearing, and the mother's role as a doorkeeper affect the father's participation in play. This differs according to the characteristics of each type of play. Second, it was found that the father's gender roles and the mother's role as a doorkeeper had a significant effect on the intimacy between the father and the infant. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study revealed that fathers' belief in gender-equal parenting and mothers' encouragement through opening the door as gatekeepers affect the formation of intimacy between fathers and their children in infancy, and are factors that influence play participation.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

COVID-19 struck labor markets around the world, exposing and exacerbating the gender inequalities within the human capital structure. The last, in its turn, jeopardizes the return of the national economies to the growth trajectory undermined by pandemic impact. The authors assume that COVID-19 disproportionately affected the employment rates of women and men, which led to increased gender inequality in the labor market, which, in turn, affected GDP growth rates in the EU. To prove this hypothesis two research questions are discovered: 1) whether there was a different correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases in the EU and indicators of the labor market for women and men; and 2) whether there was a link between the growth of gender inequality in the EU labor market and the GDP dynamics in these countries. The analysis of the correlation between the number of cases of COVID-19 and indicators of the labor market in the EU revealed faster growth of women's unemployment rates compared to men's ones as the COVID-19 incidence unfolded. Multiple linear regression and factor analysis have been used to investigate the influence of gender inequality in the labor market on GDP dynamics. Despite the methodological limitations, the proposed model is both a sound argument and an analytical basis in favor of gender-responsive economic recovery backed by the systematic and consistent gender equality policy of a government.