• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2015

본 연구는 프랑스계 캐나다인 영화감독 자비에 돌란의 영화 <로렌스 애니웨이>(2012)의 주인공 로렌스의 젠더 정체성을 살펴보고 내적 의미를 분석하고자 하였다. 생물학적으로 남성으로 태어났지만 여성으로 살고자 하는 로렌스의 외적 변화를 패션 이미지로 살펴보았고 이를 주디스 버틀러의 젠더 정체성 이론인 모방, 행위의 반복, 그리고 합체의 개념으로 살펴볼 수 있었으며, 그에 따른 내적 의미로 '타자의 내면화'와 '탈정체화'를 파악하였다. 로렌스는 여성성의 획득을 위해 여성의 모습을 모방하고 반복적인 행위로 그(녀)의 외적 구성을 완성해간다. 그(녀)의 반복되는 모방적 행위는 타자를 내면화하는 과정으로 해석되고 새로이 구성되어지는 주체를 시각화하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 탈정체화는 젠더가 시공간의 차이에 따라 다르게 구성되고 형성된 외형은 곧 내면의 외면화의 개념으로 해석되며 정체하지 않는 젠더의 유동적인 가변성을 의미화 한다. 로렌스의 '여성으로 가꾸기'는 외모를 흉내 내는 것 이상으로 재의미화 된 여성 또는 젠더를 만들고 있으며, 그것이 진정한 자기 변화이자 새로운 세상에 대한 도약으로 해석된다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.107-124
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify types in sense of gender role identity and to figure out the difference among sociocultural attitude, benefits of clothing pursuit, and appearance management behaviors by sense of gender role identity types. Questionnaires were administered to 455 people in their twenties and thirties living in Daegu and Kyoungbuk area. Data were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, credibility, $X^2$-test, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and t-test. The findings are as follows. First, Men of androgyny group showed the highest rate of 38.5% followed by undifferentiation(22.9%), masculineness(21.0%), and feminineness(17.6%). Women of undifferentiation group showed the highest rate of 33.2% followed by feminineness (25.2%), androgyny(22.0%), and masculineness(19.6%). Second, factors of sociocultural attitude were internalization and recognition. Benefits of clothing pursuit consists of the factors such as consciousness of others, personality, and vogue pursuit. Factors of appearance management behaviors were dressing, skin management, plastic surgery management, weight management, health management, and hair management. Third, the result from the difference between sociocultural attitude and benefits of clothing pursuit by sense of gender role identity types, men of androgyny and feminineness showed highest in recognition while women of androgyny showed highest in internalization and recognition. The result of the difference in benefits of clothing pursuit by sense of gender role identity shows that both men and women of androgyny group have high tendency for being conscious of others, personality pursuit, and vogue pursuit while men of undifferentiation and masculineness have low interest in dressing in relationship with others. Fourth, the examination of the difference in appearance management behavior by sense of gender role identity types found men of androgyny group managed dressing, skin, weight, health and hair most while women dress and health most. Men of undifferentiation group managed dressing and weight least, while men of masculineness health, and men of feminineness hair least.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine aggression of middle school girls with type of school and gender role identity. Method : The subjects of this study were 526 second-year middle school girls (265 girls in the coeducational middle schools, 261 girls in the girls' middle schools) in Busan. This study was conducted from 14th to 29th of December, 2008 using Korean Sex Role Inventory(KSRI) and Aggression Inventory. Results : 1. There was statistically significant difference in gender role identity types according school types ($x^2$=8.813, p=.032). 2. The whole aggression grade point average was 1.58${\pm}$.40 points(highest score: 4), and reactive-overt aggression was highest in the aggression types(2.06${\pm}$.63). 3. There was not statistically significant difference in aggression of middle school girls according to type of school (t=.188, p=.664). 4. There was statistically significant difference in degrees of aggression according to gender role identity types. The degrees of aggression in masculinity type was highest [grade point average was 1.70${\pm}$.44 points(highest score: 4)]. 5. There was not interactive effect in aggression between type of school and type of gender role identity. Conclusions : The findings of this study contribute to providing basic data for development of education programs or activities for middle school girls to relieve aggression according to gender role identity types.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.16-31
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• 2002

This study was done in order to analyze the relationship of gender identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, hardiness, and health promotion behavior in the College Women. The subjects were 275 students from a college in Kyungbuk. The instruments used for this study were made of general characteristics(6 items), gender identity(1 item), self-esteem(10 item), self-efficacy(13 items), hardiness(38 items) and health promoting behaviors(40 items). The data were analyzed by SPSS/$PC^+$ program using descriptive statistics, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Stepwise Regression. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The Mean score of gender identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, hardiness, and health promotion behavior were as follows. 1) The mean score of the health promoting behavior was 2.24. Among the subcategories, the highest score was interpersonal support(2.91), self-actualization (2.85), and the lowest score was health responsibility(1.62). 2) The mean score of the gender identity was 2.04. 3) The mean score of the self-esteem was 2.85. 4) The mean score of the self-efficacy was 6.50. 5) The mean score of the hardiness was 2.83. 2. Correlations of gender identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, hardiness, and health promotion behavior were as follows. 1) Gender identity was positively correlated with self-esteem(r=-.287, p=.0000), self-efficacy(r=-.226, p=.0000), hardiness(r=.237, p=.0000), health promotion behavior(r=-.236, p=.0000). 2) Self-esteem was positively correlated with self-efficacy(r=.499, p=.0000), hardiness (r=-.275, p=.0000), health promotion behavior(r=.428, p=0000). 3) Self-efficacy was positively correlated with hardiness(r=-.423, p=.0000), health promotion behavior(r=.492, p=.0000). 4) Hardiness was positively correlated with health promotion behavior(r=-.457, p=.0000). 4. Self-efficacy, hardiness and self-esteem were the major predictors for health promoting behavior(35.7%).

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.307-319
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• 2013

The purposes of this study are to examine the differences of gender role identity according to general characteristics, parenting behavior, and family function, and to find out the main predictors of gender role identity, in order to further test the mediating effects of family function between parenting behavior and gender role identity among middle school students. Six hundred-fifty 3rd graders from three middle schools in Busan participated in this study. The results showed that the significant variables for predicting the masculinity of gender role identity include family cohesion, and parenting behaviors (father's reasoning, mother's over-expectation) and monthly household income, respectively. The significant variables for predicting femininity were family cohesion, and father's intrusive parenting behaviors, father's educational background and the mother's affection, respectively. The results indicated that for masculinity, family cohesion played the full mediator with the father's monitoring behavior and the partial mediator with the father's reasoning behavior. Similarly, for the mother's reasoning and affection, family cohesion played a full mediator. For femininity, the family cohesion played the full mediator with the father's affection and the partial mediator with the mother's affection. Similarly, for androgyny, the family cohesion played a role of full mediator with the father's monitoring, reasoning, affection and mother's reasoning and affection. In other words, the parents'positive parenting behaviors affected the family cohesion, and in turn, had an impact on the formation of the gender role identity.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.260-269
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• 2013

오늘날 남성노인들은 급변하는 세태에 적응해가면서 성역할정체감의 위기를 경험할 수 있으므로 이들의 관점에서 성역할정체감을 이해하기 위해 그 유형과 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 주관적이고 개별화된 경험으로서의 성역할정체감을 확인하기 위해 Q 방법론을 적용하였다. 남성성과 여성성을 나타내는 40개의 Q표본을 이용하여 40명의 남성노인을 대상으로 자료 수집 및 분석을 실시하였다. 남성노인의 성역할정체감은 다음 네 가지 다양한 유형으로 확인되었다. 파워 표출형은 전통적인 남성성의 특성을 나타내는 유형으로 일을 추진함에 있어서 박력이 있으며 용감하고 지배적인 성향으로 카리스마를 겉으로 표출한다. 파워 과묵형 남성노인은 독립심이 강하고 소신이 있으나 이를 드러내기 보다는 묵묵히 행동으로 표현하는 성향을 지니고 있다. 파워 온정형 남성노인은 추진력 있게 큰 일을 잘 처리하며, 부드러운 성향의 소유자이다. 온정 돌봄형 남성노인은 가정과 아이를 돌보는 것에 보람을 느끼며, 남을 먼저 생각하는 이해심과 참을성이 있으며, 유순하고 부드러운 속성을 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서 분류된 노년기 남성의 성역할정체감 유형에 대한 결과를 바탕으로 성역할정체감 유형 별 심리사회적 적응양상, 건강행위, 신체 건강과 정신건강상태에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.149-161
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the subjective experiences of female college students about how they accept, resist, and interpret their gender identities and roles. The research data were autobiographic essays reflecting research participants' gender identities internalization process. Thirty essays were chosen, and carried by qualitative content analysis. It turned out that most of these female students were not blessed their birth among their family members only because of their sexes. On the one hand, these female students were restricted their behaviors by their sexes in their daily lives such as responsibility on household work, not permitting drinking, late returning home, and sexual behavior before marriage. On the other hand, they sometimes took advantage of their sexes for self-rationalization. But they were proud of the fact that they will be mothers someday. It seemed that motherhood was center for their female identity.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-54
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• 2014

This research used an experimental design in an effort to assess the influence of brand gender and salespeople on the attitudes toward brands according to the males' gender identity traits. The study used a three-way split-plot experimental design, and data were analyzed by t-tests, and ANOVA. The subject of this research was men in their 20s and 30s, and a total of 178 people were selected through convenience- sampling. The findings are as follows: first, masculine male consumers preferred masculinity fashion brands; however, androgynous consumers preferred brands that reflect androgyny. Second, there were no differences in brand attitude according to the gender of the salesperson for the masculinity group, but the androgynous group estimated the brands as better when the salesperson was female. Third, there were no differences in the brand attitudes among consumers according to gender of the salesperson for the Galaxy; however, for Solid Homme, brand preference was stronger when the salesperson was a woman. Fourth, the influence of brand gender and salesperson gender on brand attitudes differed according to the gender of the consumer. Therefore, apparel companies must clearly understand the characteristics of consumer gender identity and execute proper marketing strategies in order to induce stronger positive attitudes toward their brands. Moreover, apparel companies should perceive that brand gender and the gender of the salesperson can consequently encourage brand preferences.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.161-181
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• 2019

사람들은 청소년기에 성적 지향이나 성 정체성에 대해 인식하기 시작하며, 청소년들은 성에 관한 민감한 건강정보 탐색을 위해 접근이 편하고 익명성이 보장된 지식검색 커뮤니티를 자주 이용한다. 본 연구는 지식검색 커뮤니티에 나타난 청소년들의 성 정체성에 관련된 질문과 답변을 바탕으로 그들의 정보탐색 행태를 관찰하고자 하였다. 먼저, 그들의 정보 요구를 파악하고 그들이 공유한 질문에 제공된 답변들 가운데 채택된 답변과 비 채택된 답변의 특성을 비교하여 청소년들이 어떠한 답변을 선호하는지 조사하였다. 이를 위해 국내의 대표적인 지식검색 커뮤니티인 네이버 지식iN에서 2016년 1월부터 2018년 12월까지 3년간 채택된 답변과 비 채택된 답변으로 구성된 총 358세트의 데이터를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 성 정체성에 관한 고민을 가진 청소년들은 성 정체성에 대한 정의나 혼란에 관한 정보 요구가 많았다. 이용자들이 채택한 답변에는 공감 및 긍정적인 느낌을 주는 요인들이 채택되지 않은 답변에 비해 많았으며, 반면에 채택되지 않은 답변에는 부정적인 요인들이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 성 정체성이 확립되지 않은 청소년들이 가진 정보 요구와 정보탐색 행태를 분석하여 정보탐색 분야의 논의를 확장하고 건강정보 이용자의 정보 평가에 이용되는 인지적 및 감정적 모델을 검증했다는 데 학문적 의의가 있다. 또한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 소셜 미디어가 청소년에게 제공해야 할 성 정체성에 관한 효과적인 정보서비스에 대한 실질적인 함의를 제안한다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1281-1294
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• 2010

In Written on the Body, by creating the narrator's ungendered and unsexed identity, Winterson makes her text open to the reader's assumption of the narrator's sexual and gender identity. Thus, this novel has been read, on the one hand, as a lesbian text by those who assume that the narrator is a female and, on the other hand, as a suspicious text colluding with patriarchal and heterosexual values by those who define the narrator as a male. Those readings of the narrator as one of either sex/gender, however, demonstrate how (academic as well as general) readers have been accustomed to the gender-based reading habits in which textual meanings are dichotomously arranged along the lines of sex and gender of characters. Challenging those dualistic "gendered" readings, this paper reads Winterson's Written on the Body as a queer text which interrogates, troubles, and subverts the heterosexual concepts of narrative, desire, and body without reducing the narrator's identity to the essentialist sex and gender system. More specifically, this paper examines how the narrator's 'un-/over-' determined sexual and gender identity queers the narrative structure of author-character-reader; how the narrator's queer (fluid) desire is passing and traveling across categorical contours of (homo-/hetero-) sexual desires; how Winterson challenges the concept of a coherent body and queers the concept of body as a hermeneutic text with myriad textual grids which are not coherently mapped by power but randomly inscribed by nomadic desires.