• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.153-168
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the clothing attitude of Chinese students in korea according to gender, socio-economic level and resident period. The survey was conducted from October 30th to November 25th 2008, and 267 questionnaires were used for the analysis. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, T-test, ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range Test with SPSS 12.0. The results were as follows: 1. Most of Chinese students were middle-class Han race and they have been staying in Korea for 3 years. 2. Fashion leadership was classified as Innovation and Opinion leading factor; conformity as Nonconformity, Identification, and Norm consciousness; pursuit benefit as Practicality, Economy, and Aesthetic. 3. The Innovation factor was highly marked in female student group, the Opinion leading factor was higher in high-class group, and the pursuit benefit factor was significantly different between less than three years group and over three years group who have been in Korea. 4. We need to recommend best-design clothes for high-class Chinese female students who have been in Korea for over three years, and low-price clothes for less than 3 years.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.237-253
• /
• 2004

This study was to find a patient's motive for receiving implant treatment by age and gender using a self-reporting questionnaire survey with adults(men & women) in Woolsan. The result was as follows: 1. As a result of questionnaire survey with 155 patients in total(86 men, 69 women), 24 of 86 men(27.9%) valued the natural mastication feature of dental implant most, that is as similar as natural teeth, while 18 of 69 women(26.1%) had the most priority over the longer life of implant than common dental prostheses. By age, those in their 20s and 30s had a preference to implant treatment because it does not need to pulling out teeth for prostheses, while those in their 40s and over had a priority to the natural mastication feature of implant that is similar as much as natural teeth. By dental treatment, all of respondents said that the natural mastication feature is the most important in getting dental implant. It was founded that whether one can taste food as it is or not is less important, regardless of age or gender. 2. The greatest obstacle to implant surgery was expensive medical fees, 88 of 155 respondents(56.8%), with a fear of surgery itself being the least obstacle. 3. 90.2% of the total respondents said that they will want to receive dental implant treatment if their economy allow.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental information for professional sports and economy activation of cities, to explore mutual cooperative constructive relationship, and to investigate the Impact of Korean professional volleyball teams brand personality on city brand equity. Research design, data, and methodology: The study collected 500 survey responses and analyzed 478 surveys except for 22 which did not complete all items. For analyzing data, frequency, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, correlation, Multiple Regression were computed. Results: First, in difference in brand personality and city brand equity, due to gender, age, region of fan, significant difference were shown statistically in team image by gender, in honesty, interest and obdurability of brand personality by age, and in local community contribution, development possibility and sports facility of team image. Also, all factors show significant difference in region of fan. Second, regarding the impact of brand personality on city brand equity, honesty and capacity were shown to affect every factor of city brand equity, interest affected city image, and obdurability affected city perception. Conclusion: Professional teams need to develop win-win relationship with local community and seek to build positve image towards community fans via distinctive strategies for positioning.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.1169-1179
• /
• 2021

This research aims to develop the instrument of feasible and reliable digital-age literacy to be used in the learning process. This needs to be done due to a different region, tribe, and gender involved in this research. The digital-age literacy developed in this research consisting of 8 constructs, including 1) basic literacy, 2) scientific skill, 3) economy skill, 4) information skill, 5) technology skill, 6) visual skill, 7) various cultures skill, and 8) global awareness. As many as 650 respondents were chosen through stratified and random sampling in this survey. Those respondents were students at Universitas Terbuka based on gender and Ethnicity comparison. To see the internal consistency, the data were then analyzed using SPSS 23.00 version for Windows. It was obtained that all questionnaire constructs were valid and reliable, proven by obtaining a high mean reliability value of Cronbach Alpha (0.816 > 0.6), in which each item had a high value (0.778-0.841). Therefore, the number obtained the results proved that this research had produced a quality instrument that can be used to evaluate the students' mastery of the digital-age literacy of the learning process in Universitas Terbukain Asia, especially in Indonesia.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.151-161
• /
• 2023

Purpose - In this study, we examine the factors related to the asset allocation decisions of individual investors who 1) directly invest in stocks or bonds, 2) indirectly invest in various fund products (excluding CMA and MMF), and 3) invest in both products. Design/methodology/approach - We collect a sample of 3,000 individual investors and investigate the factors influencing investment behavior, especially the diversification tendency in asset allocation, with the "Investor Behavior Survey" that is conducted jointly by the Korea Financial Investment Association and the Korea Gallup Research Institute in 2011 and 2012. Findings - Our regression analyses estimate the marginal effects of various factors such as the amount of total financial assets, monthly income, occupation, age, and gender. The results reveal that male investors with manual labor occupations were less inclined to diversify their investments compared to female investors in office jobs. Additionally, higher monthly income is associated with a greater inclination toward diversification. Therefore, if a positive relationship exists between income and educational level, we may suggest that higher educational levels lead to a greater tendency for diversification. Research implications or Originality - Interestingly, investors who engage in direct investments tend to exhibit a weaker diversification tendency as the amount of their direct investment increases. On the other hand, investors who engage in both direct and indirect investments show a weaker diversification tendency as the amount of total financial assets increases. This suggests that the investment style of investors is closely related to their diversification behavior.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.89-117
• /
• 2014

Employing female in the field of science and engineering is becoming increasingly important with diversity and creativity emerging as key factors to build Creative Economy. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to recognize and discourage gender discrimination in the labor market by analyzing wages - the market value of labor which determines one's economic status. This study uses the Oaxaca-Ransom decomposition (1994) to analyze the gender wage gap and identify factors influencing the pay gap in science and engineering labor force. The results of this study are as follows: First, the average wage of female scientists and engineers reaches only 65% of that of male labor force, and the male scientist and engineers are superior in terms of personal attributes, for instance, education background. Second, looking at the factors that influence wages, wage premiums are associated with higher education background, older age, longer period of service, and weekly working hours for both male and female in managerial positions. Third, the wage decomposition shows that in the case of science and engineering labor force, the productivity difference by personal attributes reaches about 58%, and gender discrimination by the characteristics of the labor market stands at about 41%. This means the wage gap by productivity level in science and engineering labor force is wider, and the gender gap is smaller compared to non-science and engineering fields. However, the results of an analysis on specialties and education background of male and female scientists and engineers suggest that the discrimination against women is more serious when the percentage of the female labor force is low and the percentage of temporary workers in the labor market is high. In order to eliminate this discrimination, it is necessary to reduce the imbalance of female scientists and engineers in the labor market, among others, while female scientists and engineers, themselves, need to make continuous efforts to strengthen their capabilities.

• Review of Culture and Economy
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.3-28
• /
• 2018

This study focuses on analyzing the glass ceiling effect in arts and culture professionals through the quintile decomposition applied to the RIF unconditional quantile regression and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique. From the industrial viewpoint, we divide arts and culture professionals into cultural contents professionals(large category J industry) and arts professionals(large category R industry). For our analysis, we employ the pooling data of 'Wage Structure Survey' from 2009 to 2016. Our results are summarized as follows. First, as OLS wage decomposition showed that the gender wage gap among the arts professionals was lower than cultural contents professionals, but the discrimination portion of total gender wage gap was larger. Second, from quintile regression decompositions, the glass ceiling effects of two types of professionals showed different results. Cultural contents sector was observed with the "steady glass ceiling effect" as the portion of the discrimination was continuously increased, while the arts sector was observed with the "limited glass ceiling effect" as the discrimination had drastically increased in the 80s and 90s.

• Iberoamérica
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.31-72
• /
• 2020

This study examines the concepts and policy factors regarding gender-mainstreaming strategies and urban areas that have been discussed in the fields of international norms and development cooperation from the perspective of the Mexican government. It analyzes how gender-mainstreaming strategy is integrated and realized through Mexican law and key programs carried out by Mexico City. Through a literature review, this study builds upon previous research and theoretical discussions. In fact, Mexican federal government is considered to have successfully achieved "gender institutionalization." Within the framework of the law and institutions, the programs promoted by Mexico City aim to realize women's rights and meet their needs in the metropolis, while emphasizing a wider participation by citizens to realize these urban rights. In particular, the government of Mexico City is expanding on policies and programs that focus on strengthening the financial autonomy of women by understanding women's vulnerabilities as inequalities arising in the areas of the economy, space, and time.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.723-731
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the fashion lifestyle and the ornament wearing practices of college students. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 545 college students (male students 36.7%, female students 63.3%) in the Cheongju area, Korea. Frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-tests, $X^2$ and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Fashion lifestyle of students was classified into 4 factors; fashion oriented, aesthetics pursuit, brand preference and reasonable economy. Based on the factor scores, 4 clusters were identified; practical, brand oriented, personality and self conspicuous. Female students were more affiliated to personality and self conspicuous group than male students. 2) They owned earrings, necklaces and rings, in the order. There were significant gender differences in the wearing practices of ornament. 3) Also, there were significant differences in the ornament wearing practices according to fashion lifestyle.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.117-133
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived economic stress & marital conflict on the quality of life under economic crisis in Korea. Data were collected from 236 couples during May and June 1998, when the Korean economy was under the control of International Monetary Fund (IMF). Many couples reported the unstability of job and the experience of economic strain events. However, the perceived level of marital conflict and the quality of life were not so bad. Husbands perceived economic stress and quality of life higher than wives did. The path analysis showed gender difference in the perceived economic stress as well as in the indirect effect of economic strain events on the quality of life through economic stress and marital conflict. In addition, family income directly affected the quality of life for husbands, but not for wives.