• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.544-558
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• 2018

Because of the sex-gender differences that are shown in a diversity of physiological and psychological factors, it can be speculated that the clinical presentation of symptoms as well as treatment strategies in women and men with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may differ. Studies have revealed that IBS is more common in women than men. As for the IBS subtype, IBS with constipation is significantly more prevalent among women than men. Sex hormones and gender differences may play important roles in the pathophysiology of IBS. However, its pathophysiologic mechanisms still remain largely unknown, and therapeutic implications are limited. Moreover, women IBS patients have been reported to feel more fatigue, depression, anxiety, and lower quality of life than men IBS patients. Furthermore, there has been evidence of differences in the appropriate treatment efficacy to IBS in men and women, although relatively few men are enrolled in most relevant clinical trials. A more sex-gender-oriented approach in the medical care setting could improve understanding of heterogeneous patients suffering from IBS. An individualized and multicomponent approach including sex and gender issues might help improve the treatment of IBS.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.247-260
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• 2022

In the Korean film industry, 'diversity film' was used interchangeably with 'low-budget film' and 'independent/art film'. As the concept of film is transformed into a multi-platform era that expands online and offline, the discussion of media diversity has become important in the film industry as well. At the same time, the movement to expand the inclusion and diversity of minorities in the film industry is also evident. Recently, the global film industry is developing by accepting inclusive film policies based on research and policies from a gender-perspective on female narratives and creatives. This study suggests policy directions to redefine the concept of diversity in the Korean film industry and to expand inclusiveness and diversity for minorities based on previous studies and discussions on the diversity of various dimensions surrounding the film industry.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-99
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• 2011

As multicultural family gradually increased, our society is changing towards multicultural society. This study tried to identify the factors related with social distance of adolescent of multicultural family. The participants were 568 middle school students living in S city, D and H county in Chungnam province. Data for the study were analyzed by frequency, mean comparison, correlation and regression analysis. The study results were summarized as follows. First, there were significant differences in social distance according to gender, school record, and place of residence. Second, there were significant differences in social distance according to degree of intimacy between general adolescents. Third, as a result of correlation analysis, the lower self-esteem was, the lower value orientation was, the lower cultural diversity was; the higher social distance is. Accordingly, social distance for adolescents had negative correlations with self-esteem, value orientation, and cultural diversity. Fourth, variables affecting social distance were gender, school record, family composition, place of residence, friend from multicultural family, intention to be a friend, experience of overseas travel, self-esteem, value orientation, cultural diversity. Among them, intention to be a friend was a main predictor.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.369-379
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• 2021

This paper investigated the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance in Vietnam. Based on a dataset of 101 HOSE-listed manufacturing firms, the results showed that CEOs' knowledge capability, gender diversity, and board size are positively associated with firm performance, whereas firm age is negatively associated. These findings suggested that firms should consider enlarging the boardrooms, but to a certain extent to avoid an inverse-U-shaped decline of performance; furthermore, firms should promote women executives' presence in a boardroom for it brings greater cultural-diversity benefits and inhibits information asymmetry. Contrary, the aging process impedes firms' growth. It depreciates their values in terms of total assets, so managers must review their assets' net value after each working year to avoid such a hardship. However, the thesis constrains itself since it did not treat the TMTs' knowledge capability equally as the CEOs' and completely excluded their treatment. Besides, it did not regard the effect of external governance mechanisms such as the supply-demand relationship, customer behavior, market imperfections, and market concentration due to data unavailability. Based on the main findings, several suggestions are set forth for firms and managers to enhance performance and minimize a poor governance mechanism's adverse consequence.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.148-154
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to review systematically the literatures on the research of the elderly speech signal processing based on the domestic gender innovation and to introduce the utility and innovation of the gender analysis methods. From 2000 to present, among the 37 research papers published in the Korean Journal, 25 papers were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. And gender analysis methods were applied to gender research subject and design. Research results show diversity of research field and high gender recognition of R & D team are needed in research and development of engineering of gender innovation perspective. In addition, government-level regulation and research funding should be systematically applied to gender innovation research processes in the elderly voice signal processing and various gender innovation projects. In the future gender innovation in the elderly speech signal processing can contribute to the creation of a new market by developing a voice recognition system and service that reflects the needs of both men and women.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.103-123
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• 2017

In recent years, some of the brands of cosmetics in Korea have launched the BB Cream only for man. Cosmetics is not only necessary for woman and it has been accepted by the male. A programme hosted by 김기수 is aimed to teach the female how to make up. As a result, the comprehension of the gender and the development of the times have been combined closely. The understanding of gender has been developed from binary opposition to the diversity of gender. The movements that were aimed at advocating feminism caused by some events reminded us of that we should pay attention to the equalization of the gender. We can see that people want to liberate themselves from the sexual stereotype through these social phenomenons. Meanwhile, animation advertising has also experienced a transformation, which is from that to shape a role under sexual stereotype to that to pay more attention to the diversity of gender during the progress of shaping a role. During the initial stage of the animation advertising's prosperity, what it described was based on the male. The male was the permanent theme. On the contrary, the female only played a subordinate role. However, with the development of feminism, to realize self-worth of the female and to fight for the gender equality have been mentioned more and more frequently. All these factors have prompted the animation advertising to break the stereotype when shaping a new role and change the sexual stereotype in order to create new animation figures.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.63-78
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• 2018

This study analyzed gender-fluid images as expressions of feminism and gender identity expressed in fashion collections. As for the research method, this study searched the fashion collections, with the theme of feminism, utilizing key words related to feminism on an online portal, and collected the photo materials of fashion collections provided by vogue.com. This study classified the photo materials of 31 fashion collections, with the theme of feminism, into femininity, masculinity, androgyny, and avant-garde, according to the fashion design elements that divide gender identity. As a result of the classification, 326 photos were collected, in which gender identity was expressed ambiguously. This study reclassified the collected photos according to their fashion items and styles. As a result of the study, it was noticed that the fashion collections with the theme of feminism expressed the messages, using lettering graphic images, and performance. In addition, they showed a form in which men's collections and women's collections were integrated according to the change of the perceptions of gender identity, of feminism, and delivered body positive expressions, respecting differences and diversity as individual subjects, by casting diverse models in terms of age, body size, race, and culture. As for the gender identity expressed in the fashion collections, the gender-fluid images were classified into empowerment images, that expresses social rights and dignity; agender images that expresses the possibility of a gender-flexible transition; rational images that expresses the rational and practical characteristics that removed the boundary of fashion; and images of pro-sexism that expresses a new gender identity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.399-408
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• 2022

Corporate governance and innovation have been a hot topic in recent boardroom talks, whether in the trade or manufacturing industries. Governance innovations are highly significant for the survival of the motor vehicle industry like Honda, Nissan, New General Motors, and Toyota. The study chooses the motor vehicle industry which crosses the age of a century and sufficient corroborative support exists with the perspective of distinctive objectives. Using the population of all the automobile companies listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX), we distill automobile companies to evaluate the firm performance using the panel data regression approach. The results show that there is a significant relationship between gender diversity, audit committees, and firm performance. Further, board size also has a positive impact on firm performance. We identify that the governance mechanism of firms found in default of the frequency of audit committee meetings. By considering results, only limited knowledge of finance directors and also very few numbers of female directors are on the board. Empirical findings of this work might be useful for policymakers in attempting to draft a corporate governance framework better able to monitor the financial performance of firms through female directors and also serve as a catalyst for the regulators of electric vehicles.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1222-1240
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of the vocational values and the career orientation of science between middle school scientifically gifted students and non-gifted students. The subjects were 85 middle school scientifically gifted students and 139 middle school non-gifted students. For this purpose, the questionnaires about vocational values and science career orientation were administered. The results of this study were as follows: First, the vocational values between two groups were significantly different in 'diversity', 'reward', 'social recognition' and 'autonomy' among all 11 domains. 'Diversity' and 'autonomy' showed the highest scores for scientifically gifted students. On the other hand, for the non-gifted students, 'reward' and 'social recognition' showed the highest scores. Second, the grand mean of the science career orientation between two groups showed significant differences. The average of scientifically gifted students was significantly higher than that of the non-gifted students in all four sub-domains. Third, the main effect of the vocational values according to gender did not exist, but there were main effects, including diversity, reward, stability, social recognition and autonomy, between two groups. There was no interaction effect between group and gender in the vocational values. Fourth, there were interaction effects between group and gender in the science career orientation. The main effects existed in four sub-domains of science career orientation. However, according to gender, the main effect existed in the sub-domain 'job preference for science' between the male students and the female students.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.6 s.208
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• pp.61-79
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the leading causes of choosing to be single through in-depth interview. In the study I applied Hermeneutic Phenology to clarify the relationship between the past experiences and values of the subjects. I analyzed the leading causes that have drawn them to stay single, and the gender differences on the two subjects. The causes of being single were divided into two categories; personal factors and socio-environmental factors. The personal factors were standard value by birth order, expectation from parents, overcoming economic difficulty, and lack of interest toward the opposite sex. The socio-environmental factors were achievement at work, and ease of living. Staving single is not a special way of life. As found in the study, the cause of being single is not determined at birth, but rather results from being raised to be single in a way. The main cause of being single was basically based on the environment in which they were raised including parents' attitudes, economic situation, and sibling order We are living in a society of diversity. Being and staying single is a personal choice, that is one aspect of diversity. Therefore we need to widen our vision to accept the single life as one of the normal life styles and one for special treatment. We have to approve of other people's life styles as long as of causes no harm for the development of society. On the other hand, we need to be more serious about the family itself and having family. Finally I think we need to develop various family programs targeted at a diverse range of families rather than only at the normal family.