• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

While IoT (Internet of Things) industry has been spreading, it becomes very important for object to recognize user's information by itself without any control. Above all, gender (male, female) is dominant factor to analyze user's information on account of social and biological difference between male and female. However since each gender consists of diverse face feature, face-based gender classification research is still in challengeable research field. Also to apply gender classification system to IoT, size of device should be reduced and device should be operated with low power. Consequently, To port the function that can classify gender in real-world, this paper contributes two things. The first one is new gender classification algorithm based on deep learning and the second one is to implement real-time gender classification system in embedded board operated by low power. In our experiment, we measured frame per second for gender classification processing and power consumption in PC circumstance and mobile GPU circumstance. Therefore we verified that gender classification system based on deep learning works well with low power in mobile GPU circumstance comparing to in PC circumstance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.75-91
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• 2018

As more and more males are participating in the female dominated nursing profession in Korea, they are facing a number of discriminations such as department assignment on the job because of male gender stereotype. The purpose of this study is to examine hospital workers's gender role identity, gender stereotype, and the relationship between those attitudes and gender prejudice against male nurses. The results showed that the androgynous group had lower gender stereotypes and lower prejudice against male nurses than those of the other groups. Hospital workers had a strong tendency to believe that male nurses should work mainly in special departments such as emergency rooms, intensive care units, operating rooms and they think that the male nurses are not fit for caring patients because of the patients' unfamiliarity with male nurses. Gender stereotypes were positively correlated to prejudice against male nurses. Therefore, hospitals should consider developing a detailed plan to encourage a culture of gender equality by tackling the existing prejudice against male nurses so that male nurses can get the same opportunities as female counterparts in terms of department assignment and job promotion.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2018

Background: Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) occurs when medical expenditure of a household passes over a certain ratio of household income. This research studied the effect of gender on CHE based on Korea Health Panel data. Methods: This study implemented binary logistic regression model to figure out whether gender affects CHE and how different gender groups show pattern of CHE process. With gender, age, marital status, income level, economic activity, membership of private insurance, existence of chronic disease, and self-rated health were included in the model. Results: Results showed that females faced CHE 1.5 times more than males (odds ratio, 1.241). Also, main determinants of CHE in female groups were marital status, while age and economic activity status were significant in male groups. Subgroup analysis displayed that married female under 35 years old are located in intersectionality of CHE including pregnancy and delivery, multiple health risk behaviors, mental stress, and relatively vulnerable social status due to lower income. Meanwhile, both gender above 50 years old faced remarkably high chance of CHE, which seems to be caused by complex health risk behaviors and chronic diseases. Conclusion: Such results implied not only that gender is an important determinant of CHE, but also other determinants of CHE differ according to gender, which suggests a necessity of gender-based CHE support and rescue policy.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-51
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify patterns of gender role attitude among older men and women and to investigate the effects of the identified patterns on marital quality for each gender. Method: The Third National Survey of Korean Families was utilized and 981 men and 752 women aged 60 and above, who have been married for over 20 years and have at least one child, were analyzed. Using Mplus 7.3, a latent profile analysis (LPA) identified latent profiles of gender role attitude for each gender. Then, using SPSS 23.0, multiple regression analysis analyzed the effects of the identified patterns on both marital satisfaction and marital conflict. Results: The latent profile analysis identified two patterns of traditional and partially egalitarian gender role attitudes each for the older men and women. Also, means on items relevant to the male breadwinner model and the male-oriented family culture were relatively low for both men and women regardless of the patterns. For the older men, the effects of the gender role attitude patterns on marital satisfaction and marital conflict were both significant; those individuals with the partially egalitarian gender role attitude pattern reported higher levels of marital satisfaction and lower levels of marital conflict than those individuals with the traditional gender role attitude pattern. However, the effects of the gender role attitude patterns on marital satisfaction and marital conflict were both not significant for the older women. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that political interventions are required to promote an egalitarian family culture for older adults. Moreover, its findings may be useful in the field of marriage and family therapy to develop educational programs that seek to improve marital quality in later life.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.460-471
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the consumption value and clothing pursuit benefits of genderless fashion based on gender identity. The study questionnaire was distributed to and collected from men and women in their 20s and 30s living in Seoul City and the Gyeonggi province. The collected data were analyzed by using Cronbachs α, factor analysis, K-means group classification analysis, and ANOVA. The study results were as follows. First, gender identity was categorized into three groups: the genderless group, the traditional gender rejection group, and the traditional gender acceptance group. Therefore, it is necessary to subdivide gender identity rather than acceptance and rejection of traditional gender roles. Second, an analysis of consumption value based on gender identity showed significant differences in terms of fashion value and expressive value. Therefore, it is important to establish a differentiated strategy based on the relevant gender identity group when establishing genderless fashion design or marketing strategy. Finally, the study results showed that clothing pursuit benefits based on gender identity, there was a significant difference in terms of individuality pursuit, deviation from the norm, and fashion pursuit. In particular, since the genderless phenomenon agrees with the characteristics of the MZ generation, it will be necessary to share brand information or product information through digital media or to utilize a sharing culture-that is, 'meaning out' tendency and 'flex culture' (i.e., conspicuous consumption).

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.91-106
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• 2012

Spatial ability has been valued as a talent domain and important skill in mathematics education because it enhanced an intuitive view and an understanding in many areas of mathematic. In addition, spatial ability highly correlates with mathematics achievement, indicating its crucial role in success in mathematics education. Some researchers founded gender differences in mathematics and spatial ability, and indicated that spatial ability served as a mediator of gender difference in mathematics. This study explored the spatial ability of 349 Korean middle school students (Grade 7-9), and investigated the association among students' spatial ability and their mathematics achievement, gender, and grade. The result of this study shows that spatial ability correlates positively with mathematics achievement. While gender difference did not exist in mathematics, significant gender difference existed in spatial ability favoring male students.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.450-458
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship between the type of gender role identity and home environmental variables. Method: This study used a descriptive survey design and convenience sampling. Data were collected through self report questionnaires from 1,497 female high school students in Seoul. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 10.0 program, which included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi square test, ANOVA, and Duncan test. Results: The androgyny gender role identity was most common (33.9%). The type of gender role identity had a significant correlation with home environmental variables (economic status, relationship with parents, father's education level, mother's education level. noninterference, reasonable guidance, affection, overprotection, achievement, active involvement, limit setting). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide parent education programs to help female adolescents develop gender role identity toward androgyny.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.117-133
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• 2009

This study researched differences in friendship among children of the same and/or opposite sex and their gender-role identities. Friendship and gender-role identities among 423 children in the 5th and 6th grades were examined. Data was analyzed by MANOVA and ANOVA. Findings were : (1) there were some differences between boys and girls in rank order of the distribution of gender-role identity types : androgynous type was most common in girls; undifferentiated was most common among boys. (2) Results of friendship based on sex and gender-role identity showed that boys and girls with androgynous gender-roles were friendly with both boys and girls. Among boys, masculine types were particularly friendly with boys; among girls, masculine types were particularly friendly with girls.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.243-255
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• 2014

We examined the minimization effects of a subjective sense of poverty by social networks for urban workers and the mediating effects. The purposes of this study are to draw up measures and provide implications in community health care by gender. The findings are as follows: First, differences in understanding a subjective sense of poverty have been generated by demographic socio-economic characteristics according to gender. Second, differences in perception of the subjective sense of poverty have been generated by types of social networks according to the gender. Third, differences in types of social networks have been generated by gender. Fourth, differences in mediating effects of the types of social networks influencing a subjective sense of poverty have been generated by gender. We provide effective methods in community health care by analyzing these examinations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.699-702
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• 2009

This paper proposes a gender identification using shoeprint images. It is difficult for the proposed method to identify an individual if shoeprint images for identification leaked out. Because the proposed method identifies gender without the faces, the type of dress and the hair types images. Therefore we can use safely the proposed method in public place. In addition, a sensor mat which we developed is reasonable to use mechanical switches arranged in a matrix pattern without pressure switches. We had shoeprint images with the sensor mat. We measure feature parameters from shoeprint images. The feature parameters are length, width and area of shoeprint. Utilizing the feature parameters, we identified gender. In order to verify the gender identification rate of the proposed method, we set up the sensor mat at an entrance of buildings and took shoeprint images of 100 men and 100 women. As a result, we achieved about 86 percent of the gender identification rate.