• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.267-278
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• 2005

Postmenopausal women or ovariectomized rats are associated with increased cholesterol levels, which are risk factors of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome after menopause might be associated with estradiol deficiency. Harmful effect of estradiol hampers the casual usage of hormone to prevent the metabolic syndrome. Soy protein has been reported to show several beneficial effects on health, however it is unclear which components of soy protein is responsible for anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects. Soy isoflavones, gem-stein and daizein, are suggested to have anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects but with inconsistency. The present study investigated the effect of supplementation of genistein (experiment I) and soy protein containing isoflavones (experiment II) to high fat diet on body weight gain, food intake, liver and fat tissue weight and the lipid levels in ovariectomized rats. Plasma and hepatic lipid contents and the mRNA levels of genes encoding lipid metabolism related proteins, such as CPT1 and HMGR were measured. Ovariectomy increased body weight, fat tissue weight and plasma and hepatic lipid levels which increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Soy protein could improve plasma and hepatic lipids levels. Soy protein also increased hepatic CPT1 and HMGR mRNA levels. Plasma and hepatic lipids levels could not be decreased by dietary genistein alone. In contrast, lipids levels could be decreased by isoflavone-fortified soy protein, suggesting that the ingestion of soy protein enriched with isoflavone gives more benefit for protecting postmenopausal women from metabolic syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.270-270
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• 2002

Pathogenic Salmonella typhimurium can invade the intestinal epithelium and cause a wide range of diseases including gastroenteritis and bacteremia in human and animals. To identify the genes involved in the infection, the invasion determinant was obtained from S. typhimurium 82/6915 and was subcloned into pGEM-7Z. A subclone DHl (pSV6235) invaded HEp-2 and Chinese hamster ovary epithelial cells and contained a 4.4 kb fragment of S. typhimurium genomic region. Compared with the host strain E. coli DHl, the subclone DHl (pSV6235) invaded cultured HEp-2 and Chinese hamster ovary cells at least 75- and 68-fold higher, respectively. The invasion rate of E. coli DHl for the cells significantly increased by harbouring the genomic region derived from pathogenic S. typhimurium 82/6915.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.226-230
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• 1999

To characterize the Korean isolate of infeciious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV-PRT), a partial DNA fragment G gene of the MNV-PRT was amplified by RT-PCR. cloned inlo pGEM-T easy vector and analyzed for nucleotlde sequences. The size of the PCR pmduct was about 442 bp. The nucleotlde sequence homologies ofthe G gene of IHNV-PRT were 95%, 94%, 94% 94%, 93%, 53%. respectively. with those of foreign isolates of IHNV, IHNV-RB-76. IHNV-LR-73, MNV-K, IHNV-WRAC, Im-SRCV, IHNV-Col-85. However, it showed 81% homology with that of other fish rhabdovirus, hisame rhabdovirus (HRV). Frou~ the rcsults of deduced amino acid sequence homology analysis. G protein of IHNV-PRT showed 96% hornologies with those of foreign isolates of IHNV but 89% homology with that of HRV These results indicaled that, even though G gene of IHIW-PRT showed low homology with that of HRY it was highly conserved among different strains of THNV.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 1996

The regulation of xylE gene expression was examined by using vector promoter and construction of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) for application in microcosm. When the xylE gene wsa subcloned into pBluscript SK(+) under the control of lac promoter (pTY1) in E. coli, and the expression was induced by IPTG, the enzyme activity of catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase was increased 4.7 times more than that of the crude extracts from transformants harboring pTY1. We suggest that the xylE gene has its own promoter at the upstream portion, because it was able to be expressed even in the absence of IPTG. A recombinant plasmid, pSW3a harboring the xylE gene under the T7 promotor, showed the activity of 14.5 units/mg protein, higher than that of parental strain, E. coli PYT1. The xylE gene in recombinant plasmid pSW3a was used as reporter gene for the application in microcosm ecosystem, since it was used for detection of xylE-positive clones by catechol spray on the agar plates. The pSW3a in E. coli was introduced into Pseudomonas patida to construct GEM strain, and examined for the exxpression and functional stability in microcosms.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2005

We heat treated pure sapphire samples at $1800^{\circ}C{\sim}100$ hours in BeO-${Al_2}{O_3}$ powder by varying BeO contents of $5{\sim}50\;wt%$ in order to quantify the BeO diffusion enhancement for corundum gem stones. We investigated the heat treated samples with visual evaluation, color coordination analysis, and surface roughness measurement. We confirmed that $Be^{2+}$ ions did not lead to orange color but to dark gray. The lightness in CIE Lab index decreased while surface roughness increased rapidly as BeO contents increased. We propose that BeO yellow color enhancement may be feasible only for $Fe^{3+}$ rich blue sapphires and sub-5% BeO content be appropriate to shorten post re- cutting process.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2010

In this study, phytoestrogen for the industrial production of soybean probiotics by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was studied in a soybean extract. Soybean was fermented with LAB, Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 3108 and Bifidobacterum longum ATCC 15707. The change in the content of various isoflavones (aglycone and glucoside) and the $\beta$-glucosidase activity in soybean during fermentation were investigated and shown to be dependent on the starter organism. Soybean extract powder fermented with L. plantarum showed the highest $\beta$-glucosidase activity and the greatest increase in the aglycone content. After 48h of fermentation, the contents of daidzin, genistin and glycitin in L. plantarum decreased from a mean initial levels of $83.03{\pm}2.17$, $168.13{\pm}8.17$ and $20.02{\pm}1.07$, respectively, to mean levels of $5.34{\pm}3.24$, $3.79{\pm}0.57$ and $1.87{\pm}1.09\;mg$/100 g. Whereas, after 48h fermentation, the contents of daidzein, genistein and glycitein increased from a mean initial levels of $8.09{\pm}0.78$, $11.20{\pm}0.84$ and $4.71{\pm}0.46$, respectively, to mean levels of $85.76{\pm}0.84$, $175.87{\pm}2.21$ and $22.41{\pm}0.91\;mg$/100 g. Taken together, these results suggested an increase of aglycones and decrease of glucoside in isoflavones occurred during fermentation, which coincided with an increase of $\beta$-glucosidase activity in the fermented soybean extract powder.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 1996

The precious serpentine, referring to a rare and highly valuable gem variety of serpentine group minerals, is found to occur in serpentinite from Booyo Gren Jade Mine which is located in Oesan-myun, Booyo-gun of Chungchungnam-do. Geommological properties of the precious serpentine have been investigated by use of polarizing microscope, specific gravity balance, refractometer, hardness pencils, X-ray diffractometer, XRF, ICP-MS analyser, and infrared absorption spectroscope.The precious serpentine from Booyo is colored deep green with oily luster and semi-transparent. It is highly tough and Mohs's scale of hardness is measured to be 5-6. Specific gravity is determined to be 2.67, and a single refractive index ND=1.56 is observed by a spot method, using sodium light source. X-ray powder diffraction data is represented by the reflection lines at 7.40(100), 4.64(25), 3.68(68), 2.757(69), 2.530(49), 2.549(32), and 1.710(21${\AA}$), which compares very well with that of antigorite of serpentine group minerals. The major chemical compositions of the precious serpentine group minerals. The major chemical compositions of the precious serpentine are SiO2 42.49%, MgO 39.08%, Fe2O3 3.85%, and H2O 11.87%. Besides, trace elements such as Cr(2188), Ni(1110ppm), Co(58ppm), and Ta (108ppm) are relatively spectrum shows peaks at 3670, 1190, 1070, 980 and 610cm-1. Strong absorption at 3670cm-1 is due to OH stretching, and 1190, 1070 and 980cm-1 due to SiO stretching. The absorption 610cm-1 is formed by alteration of pre-existing ultramafic rock, namely peridotite, with an introduction of fluid with very little content of CO2, under 400$^{\circ}C$ environment. Magnetite inclusions, finely disseminated in the precious serpentine, may be a result of Fe precipitation, during serpentinization of olivine-bearing country rock.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2017

The purpose of this study were to evaluate the effect of best management practices (BMPs) of Haean highland agricultural catchment ($62.8km^2$) under future climate change using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Before future evaluation, the SWAT was setup using 3 years (2009~2011) of observed daily streamflow, suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P) data at three locations of the catchment. The SWAT was calibrated with average 0.74 Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency for streamflow, and 0.78, 0.63, and 0.79 determination coefficient ($R^2$) for SS, T-N, and T-P respectively. Under the HadGEM-RA RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, the future precipitation and maximum temperature showed maximum increases of 8.3 % and $4.2^{\circ}C$ respectively based on the baseline (1981~2005). The future 2040s and 2080s hydrological components of evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and streamflow showed changes of +3.2~+17.2 %, -0.1~-0.7 %, and -9.1~+8.1 % respectively. The future stream water quality of suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P) showed changes of -5.8~+29.0 %, -4.5~+2.3 %, and +3.7~+17.4 % respectively. The future SS showed wide range according to streamflow from minus to plus range. We can infer that this was from the increase of long-term rainfall variability in 2040s less rainfalls and 2080s much rainfalls. However, the results showed that the T-P was the future target to manage stream water quality even in 2040s period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.406-415
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• 2010

The forming of fishing ground and the population ecological characteristics of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, in the coastal waters off Gim-nyeong of Jeju Island were investigated. The stock of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, between Jeju Island and coastal areas of the East Sea is probably the same. Water temperature probably is a major factor for controlling distribution of yellowtails in deeper, offshore areas off Jeju Island. However, the major factor that determines aggregation of yellowtails in coastal areas of Jeju Island, especially off Gim-nyeong is probably strong tidal currents driven by distribution of yellowtails rather than hydrological conditions such as Yellowtails collected off Jeju Island were from 1 to 4yrs old and about 50% of them were $1^{-yr}$ old, probably indicating overfishing. Jack mackerel was the major prey item for yellowtails off Gim-nyeong from October to March, suggesting concurrence of the two species.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3054-3059
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• 2009

Natural black diamonds of single crystal, polycrystalline, and agglomerated roughs become important for their industrial and gem stone application. We performed the conventional gemological tests of thermal diffusion, apparent density, scratch test, and magnification test as well as the advanced tests of Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction test and Lang topography. We conclude that scratch test with SiC paper was the most efficient method in view point of speed and cost. Raman spectroscopy and XRD were useful for identification of diamond while Lang topography offered a good visualization method of the grain structure of polycrystalline black diamond roughs.