• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.482-486
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• 2020

Cases of inflammatory bowel diseases including ulcerative colitis are increasing in Korea and development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely investigated. Natural products with anti-inflammatory properties are rising as safe candidates for NSAIDs. The extract of turmeric or puffed turmeric mixed with herbal extract (goji berry, liquorice, lycium root, and dong quai) was treated to acute colitis mice by oral gavage. The symptoms of colitis, i.e., body weight loss, fecal score, and shortened colon length, were significantly attenuated by puffed turmeric extract with the herbal extract. Non-puffed turmeric extract with herbal extract, however, exhibited a very marginal recovery. Tissue culture supernatant of colons further revealed that both puffed turmeric and non-puffed turmeric extracts with herbal extract suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production at a comparable level. These results indicate that puffing is a simple and promising process of turmeric for enhancement of anti-inflammatory properties.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1995

A perinatal and postnatal study of KTC-1, a new semisyntheitic rifamycin antituberculous drug, was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. Dosages of KTC-1 0, 12, 27.6, and 63.5 mg/kg/day were administered to dams orally by gavage from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. All pregnant rats were allowed to deliver naturally for postnatal examination of their offspring. At 63.5 mg/kg/day, weakness, dark-red discharge around eyes, a loss in body weight, and a decrease in food and water consumption were observed in dams. An increase in the weight of adrenal gland and spleen, and a decrease in the weight of kidney and heart were also found. An increase in neonatal deaths during the lactation period, a loss in body weight, a delay in physical development, a decrease in traction ability, an increase in the number of errors and the time required for the multiple T-maze trial were found in F1 offspring. In addition, an increase in the incidence of visceral variations and retarded ossification were observed in F1 4 day old rats. An increase in the incience of skeletal anomalies was seen in F2 fetuses. There were no sings of maternal toxicity or embryotoxicity at 12 and 27.6 mg/kg/day. From the results mentioned above, it can be concluded that the no-effect dose levels(NOELs)for dams, F1 offspring, and F2 fetuses are 27.6 mg/kg/day.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2000

Recently, there is a worldwide concern that a great number of man-made chemicals have a hormone-like action both in humans and in animals. EPA and OECD are developing screening programs using validated test systems to determine whether certain substances may have an effect on humans. In the present study, the establishment of in vivo short-term test system for pubertal female assay with thyroid to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals was tried using a model substance, methoxychlor (MC), a chlorinated hydrocarbon insencticide. Forty female rats were assigned to four groups. MC was administered at dose levels of 0, 8, 40 and 200mg/kg by gavage to female rats from day 21 post partum to the completion of vaginal opening. We evaluated body weight change, age at vaginal opening, onset of estrous cyclicity, age at first esturs, ovary weight, and serum concentrations of thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone in female rats. The age at vaginal opening of females receiving 40 200mg/kg was significantly younger than control. The onset of estrus cyclicity and age at first estrus of females receiving 200mg/kg was also younger than controls. There was no effect of treatment on body weight, ovary weight, and hormone concentration. Based on these results, it can be concluded that application of MC at dose level of 40mg/kg affects the vaginal opening and application of MC at dose level of 200mg/kg accelerates the vaginal opening and the onset of estrus cylicity.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2008

In this research the genotoxic effect of $Polycan^{TM}$ ${\beta}$-glucans originated from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, was evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. $Polycan^{TM}$ was administered once a day for 2 days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 1000, 500 and 250 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide was used as a known genotoxic agent in a positive control group. The appearance of a micronucleus is used as an index for genotoxic potential. The results obtained indicated that $Polycan^{TM}$ shows no genotoxicity effect up to 1000 mg/kg dosing levels. In addition, it is also considered that there were no problems from cytotoxicity of $Polycan^{TM}$ tested in this study because the polychromatic erythrocyte ratio was detected as > 0.47 in all tested groups.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Objectives : We investigated the repeated-dose toxicity of Wenpitang-Hab-Wulingsan(WHW), a Korean traditional medicine prescribed with twelve herbs, which has been used for the treatment of renal disease. Methods : WHW extract prepared by GLP company. WHW was supplemented by gavage at 0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day for 13-week consecutive days. We recorded the clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, organ weights, hematology, gross and histological changes in target organs rats and clinical chemistry analysis for all rats. Results : WHW extract at all doses was shown no mortality or abnormal clinical signs in rats during at the observation period. Furthermore, there was no difference in body weight and food-take consumption, organ weight, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis among the groups of rats treated with different doses of WHW extract. The hematological analysis and clinical blood chemistry data were revealed no toxic effects from WHW-treated rats. Conclusions : The results suggest that WHW extract in rats is a wide margin of safety on a acute toxicity.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2005

This study examined the effect of viable bifidobacteria and non-digestible carbohydrates on the cecal pH, colonic neoplastic lesion (aberrant crypt) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index in carcinogen-treated mts. Animals received s.c. injection of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (15 mg/kg body weight) twice 3 days apart. Three days after the second carcinogen administration, the treatments were begun. 1he treatments were basal diet (AIN-76) with skim milk (Basal/skim), or the following diets with daily gavage of $10^8$ bifidobacteria: basal (Basal/bifido), $2\%$ fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS/bifido), $2\%$ soybean oligosaccharide (SBO/bifido), $2\%$ wheat bran oligosaccharide (WBO/bifido) and $8.4\%$ wheat bran (WB/bifido). After 4 weeks of treatment, cecal pH was measured using a pH probe. The number of aberrant crypt (AC), aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and crypt multiplicity were enumerated and colonic PCNA labeling index was determined using immunohistochemistry. Cecal pH was significantly reduced in SBO/bifido and FOS/bifido groups compared to control group. However, there were no significant differences in either number of AC or rates of cell proliferation as shown by PCNA labeling index among the groups, although mts fed FOS/bifido reduced the numbers of ACF compared to Basal/skim group. The SBO/bifido group did not reduce the number of ACF or PCNA labeling index. Also, other oligosaccharides did not reduce the risk of colon cancer compared to control group. The concomitant reduction of cecal pH and number of ACF suggest that the combination of bifidobacteria and FOS may reduce the risk of colon cancer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.200-203
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of bamboo leaf water extract by a single oral dose in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty male and female rats aged 5 weeks were randomly assigned to four groups of 5 rats each and were administered singly by gavage at dose levels of 0, 1250, 2500, or 5000 mg/kg body weight. Mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight changes were monitored for the l4-day period following the administration. At the end of 14-day observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, and gross finding at any dose tested. The results showed that the single oral administration of bamboo leaf water extract did not induce any toxic effect at a dose level of below 5000 mg/kg in rats and that the minimal lethal dose were considered to be over 5000 mg/kg body weight for both sexes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential subacute toxicity of AS6, [(3$\beta$, 4$\alpha$)-3,23-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid], by a 4-week repeated oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. To test the subacute toxicity, AS6 was administered once daily by gavage to rats at dose levels of 0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. There were no treatment-related effects on mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histopathology in any treatment group. In the condition of this study, target organ was not observed and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day for both male and female rats.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.334-344
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• 2011

Objectives : Sipjeondaebo-tang is a medicine traditionally prescribed as a restorative. The aim of this study was to investigate the single oral dose toxicity and safety of extract of fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang in ICR mice. Methods : In single oral dose toxicity study, non-fermented or fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang were administered by oral gavage to ICR mice (5 males, 5 females) at single doses of varying concentrations: 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. Changes of body weight, general behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined throughout the experimental period. Hematological parameters, organ weights and necropsy findings were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results : There were no mortality or signs of toxicity in single oral dose toxicity studies. There were also no significant differences in body weight, organ weight, or hematological parameters between the treatment and control groups. Conclusions : Fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang did not cause remarkable adverse effects in ICR mice. The oral lethal dose of fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang is more than 5000 mg/kg and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the extract for both male and female mice is 5000 mg/kg.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2001

Korean ginseng products have been fumigated with ethylene oxide (EO) for sterilization and prolongation of storage periods. However, there had been controversies indicating that the consumption of food treated with EO might cause harmful effects in human. Since, in Korea the use of EO gas for food treatment was banned in 1991. Since then, irradiation technique has been developed as an alternative. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of irradiated ginseng on fertility, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Either EO gas fumigated or gamma-irradiated ginseng was administered to male rats by oral gavage for 63 days during the premating period. Female rats were administered from 14 days before mating to day 20 of gestation or to day 21 of lactation. The exposure amount of irradiation used was 5, 10 and 30 kGy, respectively. There were no treatment related changes of darns in clinical signs, and parturition. No treatment related changes in food consumption, body/organ weights, male/female reproductive and fertility performances were observed. F1 fetuses showed no external abnormality. Reflex/sensory junctions, physical/behavioral development, and reproductive performance of F1 rats were not adversary affected. The results of this study show that gamma-irradiated ginseng, up to 30 kGy, has no adverse effects on the fertility, reproduction and development in Wistar rats.