• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2003

In order to assure the quality of the bent axis design axial piston pumps driven by tapered pistons, it is necessary to know the characteristics of force applied to tapered pistons and the mechanism for driving the tapered pistons. Since they are able to perform both reciprocating and spinning motions in cylinder block, it is difficult to understand the driving mechanismand-tomeasure the forces applied to tapered pistons experimentally In the present study, the theoretical mechanism for driving the tapered pistons is studied by use of the geometric method. The driving area of the tapered pistons is measured by measuring the strain of a cylinder forced against a tapered piston using an electric strain gauge and a slip ring. The forces applied to tapered pistons is also investigated with the change of discharge pressure and the rotational speed. As a results of this investigation, it is concluded that the cylinder block is driven by one tapered piston in a limited area and the driving area is changed due to space angle of the tapered pistons and the swivel angle of the cylinder block. It is also observed that the force applied to tapered pistons increases as the discharge pressure and the rotational speed increase.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2003

국내의 포장 재료와 교통 및 기후조건이 반영되는 포장설계법 개발을 위한 연구가 진행중에 있으며, 이를 위해 실제 교통량 및 기후조건이 반영되고 이에 따른 포장의 거동을 모니터링 할 수 있는 대규모의 현장시험시설로 시험도로를 건설하였다. 시험도로 아스팔트 포장구간은 15개의 다양한 두께 및 재료를 가진 단면들로 구성되어 있다. 이러한 단면들을 평가하기 위해 포장체 내에 다양한 계측기들이 매설되어 있다. 계측기 매설에 있어서 핵심 요소는 매설 위치의 정확성과 장기적인 생존율 및 내구성이다. 외국의 시험사례를 보면, 이런 정확성과 내구성은 매설 방법에 크게 영향을 받는다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2000년도부터 3년여 동안 일반적인 계측기 매설 방법인 마운드, 블록아웃. 트렌치컷에 대해 시험시공을 수행하였으며 시험시공 결과를 분석하여 시험도로에 적용하였다. 위치의 정확성, 생존의 안전성, 시공성, 재료의 균질성 측면에서 시험시공 결과를 평가한 결과 블록아웃이 가장 효율적인 방법으로 나타났다. 그러나, 표층의 경우 블록아웃에 부적절한 층두께 등의 특성을 감안하여 마운드 방법을 사용하는 것으로 결정하였다. 아스팔트 기층과 중간층의 매설에는 블록아웃을, 표층의 매설에는 마운드를 사용하는 것으로 결정했다. 2003년 9월 3일부터 11월 18일까지 2달 여에 걸쳐 총 374개의 아스팔트 포장 변형률계를 시험도로에 매설하였다. 계측값 분석 결과, 마운드의 경우 6.3%, 블록아웃은 2.5%의 계측기가 매설 전후의 계측값 변화가 일반적인 계측기 사양 범위를 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 생존율의 경우 매설후 손실된 계측기는 2개로 99.5%의 높은 생존율을 나타났다.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2010

Water jet impingement cooling has been widely used in a various engineering applications; especially in cooling of hot steel plate of steelmaking processes and heat treatment in hot metals as an effective method of removing high heat flux. The effects of cooling water temperature on water jet impingement cooling are primarily investigated for hot steel plate cooling applications in this study. The local heat flux measurements are introduced by a novel experimental technique that has a function of high-temperature heat flux gauge in which test block assemblies are used to measure the heat flux distribution during water jet impingement cooling. The experiments are performed at fixed flow rate and fixed nozzle-to-target spacing. The results show that effects of cooling water temperature on the characteristics of jet impingement heat transfer are presented for five different water temperatures ranged from 5 to $45^{\circ}C$. The local heat flux curves and heat transfer coefficients are also provided with respect to different boiling regimes.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 1999

The larger, loftier and more highly strengthened the recent structures become, the greater attention is paid to the problem of thermal crack occurrence associate with hydration heat. As one of methods to solve the problem, a care has been taken to the improvement of construction such as the application of pre-cooling or pipe-cooling, adjustment of concrete block size, concrete placement timing, joint arrangement and so on. But it is expected that a proper selection of cement shall additionally contribute to the control of thermal cracks. In this study, thus, we selected 4 types of cements such as Type V for anti-sulphate, blast furnace cements (slag content of 45% and 65% respectively)and ternary blended low heat cement, and carried out mock-up tests. In every assigned time, temperatures and thermal stresses were measured and calculated from raw data. As a result of measurement, it was found that the magnitude of hydration heat is in order of blast furnace slag cement. Type V and ternary blended low heat cement. Results of thermal stresses were same as the order of temperature. In addition, thermal stresses calculated from the data of strain gauges showed almost similar to those measured from effective stress gauges only when strain values were adjusted properly in accordance with initial time of stress appearance. Theoretical results agreed well with the measured values comparatively, but showed slight differences. It is inferred that these differences shall be reduced if more tests capable of evaluating thermal characteristics of concrete are carried out.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.312-318
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the passivity of implant superstructures by assessing the strain development around the internal tapered connection implants with strain gauges. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A polyurethane resin block in which two implants were embedded served as a measurement model. Two groups of implant restorations utilized cement-retained design and internal surface of the first group was adjusted until premature contact between the restoration and the abutment completely disappeared. In the second group, only nodules detectable to the naked eye were removed. The third group employed screw-retained design and specimens were generated by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system (n=10). Four strain gauges were fixed on the measurement model mesially and distally to the implants. The strains developed in each strain gauge were recorded during fixation of specimens. To compare the difference among groups, repeated measures 2-factor analysis was performed at a level of significance of ${\alpha}$=.05. RESULTS. The absolute strain values were measured to analyze the magnitude of strain. The mean absolute strain value ranged from 29.53 to 412.94 ${\mu}m/m$ at the different strain gauge locations. According to the result of overall comparison, the cement-retained prosthesis groups exhibited significant difference. No significant difference was detected between milled screw-retained prostheses group and cement-retained prosthesis groups. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that the cement-retained designs do not always exhibit lower levels of stress than screw-retained designs. The internal adjustment of a cement-retained implant restoration is essential to achieve passive fit.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.662-670
• /
• 2005

Statement of problem: Little is known about the effect of abutment preparation procedure on do-torque values in different implant platform and the relationship of final do-torque values with different implant platform size. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of abutment preparation procedure on do-torque values in different implant platform and the relationship of final do-torque values with different implant platform size. Material and method: Six ITI implants (2 narrow-neck implants, 2 regular-neck implants, 2 wide-neck implants) and six Branemark implants (2 narrow platforms, 2 regular platforms, 2 wide platforms) were embedded in each acrylic resin block with epoxy resin. Eighteen $synOcta^(R)$ abutments (6 narrow-neck implant-abutments, 6 regular-neck implant-abutments, 6 wide-neck implant-abutments) and eighteen esthetic abutments (6 narrow platform-abutments, 6 regular platform-abutments, 6 wide platform-abutments) were tightened to each implant with digital torque gauge. Initial do-torque values were measured using digital torque gauge. After preparation of abutments, Final do-torque values were measured with digital torque gauge. Results and conclusion: 1. Screws loosening or abutments motion were not detected in all experimental group, but some scratches of implant-abutment joints were detected in all group 2. Reduction ratios of final do-torque values were greater than initial do-torque values in all measured group, except in narrow-neck implant-abutment group (p<0.05). 3. Reduction ratios of final do-torque values in wide-neck implant-abutment group were greater than regular-neck implant-abutment group (p<0.01). 4. The greatest standard deviation value was detected in wide platform group in both implant systems.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.120-124
• /
• 1988

제1족지단(第一足趾端)에 심한 통증(痛症)과 궤양(潰瘍)으로 입원한 31세(歲)의 Buerger 병(病) 환자(患者)에 X-선조(線造) 영하(影下)에서 7% phenol을 사용한 제(第)1, 2 및 3 요부교감신경절차단(腰部交感神經節遮斷)을 시행하였다. 교감신경절차단후(交感神經節遮斷後) 족지(足趾)의 통증완화(痛症緩和)와 온감(溫感)을 느낄 수 있었으며 이후 2회(回)의 2.5% bupivacaine을 이용한 경막외강차단(硬膜外腔遮斷) 후 통증(痛症)소실과 함께 순환혈류(循環血流) 개선(改善)을 plethysmogram으로 확인할 수 있어서 성공적인 교감신경절차단술(交感神經節遮術)이 시행됐다고 볼 수 있어 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)과 함께 보고(報告)하는 바이다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the nutrient load balance in the reservoir irrigated paddy block during growing seasons. Idong reservoir irrigation paddy block of 10.3 ha in size was selected to collect hydrologic and water quality data. Irrigation, canal flows, and paddy field drainage were measured using a water level gauge, while water samples were collected and analysed for water quality. The water balance analysis showed that 81 % and 75 % of total outflow were through paddy and irrigation canal drainage during 2011 and 2012, respectively. The water quality of paddy field drainage varied greatly depending on rice cultivation stage ranging from 0.05 to 24.55 mg/L and from 0.01 to 0.76 mg/L for T-N and T-P, correspondently. Paddy field drainage loads during May through June account for 64 % and 76 % in 2012 and 2013, while 82 % and 81 % for T-P in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that rainfall was significantly correlated with nutrient loads during July through August due to runoff, and irrigation was related with nutrient loads of drainage during some period of July through September due to irrigation return flow. This study results showed characteristics of inflow and outflow nutrient loads from plentiful irrigated paddy block.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.692-695
• /
• 2000

This paper is concerned with Accuracy Design of LM Guide System in Machine Tools. Elastic deformation of bearing is calculated by Hertz contact theory and motion error of LM block is analyzed. A new algorithm using block stiffness is proposed fur the analysis of motion accuracy of the table. The best advantage of this algorithm is fast analysis speed because it isn't necessary iteration processes for satisfying equilibrium equation of the table. Motion errors of the table analyzed under artificial form error of rail theoretically and experimentally. Only one of two rails is bent by putting a thickness gauge into horizontal direction. This form error of rail is measured by gap sensor against the other rail. Then, motion errors of the table are predicted by proposed new algorithm theoretically and measured by laser interferometer. Measurements are carried out by changing the preload and thickness. The results show that the table motion errors are reduced from 1/2 to 1/60 times than form error of rail according to its height and width. And the effect of preloading is almost negligible.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.254-257
• /
• 1997

Ganglion impar lies immediately anterior to the sacrococcygeal junction and blockade of the ganglion is used to treat anorectal and perineal pain. Although the technique introduced by Plancarte et at is widely practised, the bent needle is sometimes difficult to position precisely and patients find the procedure painful. We modified this approach of block of ganglion impar by positioning the needle into the sacrococcygeal junction and using the loss of resistance technique. With the patient in the lateral position, a skin wheal was raised at 1-1.5cm below the sacral hiatus. Twenty-three gauge short needle was directly placed into the sacrococcygeal junction with aid of fluoroscopic guidance. From 1 cm behind the anterior margin of the vertebral body in lateral view, we used the loss of resistance technique to confirm the retroperitoneal space. We found this modified approach easier to perform during six blocks for three patients with anorectal or perineal pain. Our modified approach through the sacrococcygeal junction may provide opportunity for wider administration of this procedure because of its simple technique, reduced pain during procedure and decreased risk of infection.