• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2015

Purpose: Various gastrointestinal factors may contribute to maladaptive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). To determine the association between maladaptive behavior in children with ASD and gastrointestinal symptoms such as severity, intestinal microbiota, inflammation, enterocyte damage, permeability and absorption of opioid peptides. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study compared children with ASD to healthy controls, aged 2-10 years. Maladaptive behavior was classified using the Approach Withdrawal Problems Composite subtest of the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory. Dependent variables were gastrointestinal symptom severity index, fecal calprotectin, urinary D-lactate, urinary lactulose/mannitol excretion, urinary intestinal fatty acids binding protein (I-FABP) and urinary opioid peptide excretion. Results: We did not find a significant difference between children with ASD with severe or mild maladaptive behavior and control subjects for gastrointestinal symptoms, fecal calprotectin, urinary D-lactate, and lactulose/mannitol ratio. Urinary opioid peptide excretion was absent in all children. Children with ASD with severe maladaptive behavior showed significantly higher urinary I-FABP levels compared to those with mild maladaptive behavior (p=0.019) and controls (p=0.015). Conclusion: In our series, maladaptive behavior in ASD children was not associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, intestinal inflammation (no difference in calprotectin), microbiota (no difference in urinary D-lactate) and intestinal permeability (no difference in lactulose/manitol ratio). ASD children with severe maladaptive behavior have significantly more enterocyte damage (increased urinary I-FABP) than ASD children with mild maladaptive behavior and normal children.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2010

Hyangsapyeongwi-san has been used for various gastrointestinal diseases in Oriental medicine. Nevertheless, there is little known to scientific evidence for its efficacy and mechanism. This study was aimed to investigate effects of Hyangsapyeongwi-san in gastrointestinal diseases through the analysis of articles. A total of 15 articles were selected from PubMed, KTKP, and Weipu. The selected articles were analyzed according to three aspects of study types, target diseases and its efficacy, and results of clinical studies. Hyangsapyeongwi-san has positive effects in gastrointestinal disorders, such as prevent gastric mucosal injury, improve hyperacidity and dyspepsia, protect oxidative damage, and antitumor effects and enhance both cellular and humoral immunity. However, it proved insufficient to confirm its efficacy owing to lack of clinical studies of high quality. So, we need well designed studies to verify clinical efficacy of Hyangsapyeongwi-san hereafter.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.208-216
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Soshiho-tang on the patients who suffered from atopic dermatitis with gastrointestinal disorders.Methods : We diagnosed the symptoms and the signs of the patients who suffered from atopic dermatitis with gastrointestinal disorders as Soshiho-tang syndrome(嘔而發熱) according to 'Treatise on Cold Damage Disease(傷寒論)'. Patients are treated only with Soshiho-tang. The severity of Atopic dermatitis was evaluated by SCORAD index, visual analogue scale(VAS) and pictures. Gastrointestinal disorders(mainly food allergy, indigestion) were evaluated by patients' subjective complaint.Results : After the treatment, not only the severity of atopic dermatitis but gastrointestinal disorders were also improved.Conclusions : Soshiho-tang has improved the symptoms of Atopic dermatitis with gastrointestinal disorders in this study.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.54-68
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• 2011

$^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of biological samples has been proven to be an effective and nondestructive approach to probe drug toxicity within an organism. In this study, ketoprofen toxicity was investigated using $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Histopathologic test of ketoprofen-induced acute gastrointestinal damage in rats demonstrated a significant dose-dependent effect. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) derived from $^1H$-NMR spectra of urinary samples showed clear separation between the vehicle-treated control and ketoprofen-treated groups. Moreover, PCA derived from endogenous metabolite concentrations through targeted profiling revealed a dose-dependent metabolic shift between the vehicle-treated control, low-dose ketoprofen-treated (10 mg/kg body weight), and high-dose ketoprofen-treated (50 mg/kg) groups coinciding with their gastric damage scores after ketoprofen administration. The resultant metabolic profiles demonstrated that the ketoprofen-induced gastric damage exhibited energy metabolism perturbations that increased urinary levels of citrate, cis-aconitate, succinate, and phosphocreatine. In addition, ketoprofen administration induced an enhancement of xenobiotic activity in fatty oxidation, which caused increase levels of N-isovalerylglycine, adipate, phenylacetylglycine, dimethylamine, betaine, hippurate, 3-indoxylsulfate, N,N-dimethylglycine, trimethyl-N-oxide, and glycine. These findings demonstrate that $^1H$-NMR-based urinary metabolic profiling can be used for noninvasive and rapid way to diagnose adverse drug effects and is suitable for explaining the possible biological pathways perturbed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2016

Objectives： This study is experimental comparison of brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) on upper gastrointestinal diseases animal models.Methods： The ICR mice were divided randomly into four groups of six animals each (Normal mice, gastritis mice, gastritis mice treated with BR, gastritis mice treated with 48h GBR). Gastritis was induced by administration of 0.5 mL 150 mM HCl-60% ethanol. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups after 1 week adaptation. (Normal rat, reflux esophagitis (RE) rat, RE rat treated with BR, RE rat treated with 24,30,36,48h GBR). Reflux esophagitis was induced by ligation with a 2-0 silk thread both the pylorus and the transitional junction between the forestomach and the corpus in SD rats.Results： HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice were ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation by treatment of 48h GBR than BR. Optical changes such as hyperemia and multiple erosions were observed in the rats with RE and damage to the normal rats was not apparent. The oral administration of GBR significantly diminished against gross mucosal damage in a germination time-dependent manner. Also, the administration of GBR suppressed the biomarker of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in serum. However, the administration of GBR could not affect to the pH level secreted from stomach when compared with Control group.Conclusions： These findings suggest that GBR could have improving effects on upper gastrointestinal diseases in a germination time-dependent manner.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2010

Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), mostly distributed and maricultured in southwestern coastal areas of South Korea, is recognized as an economically important species in the fishery industry. Abalone intestines are one of the by-products of abalone processing. To investigate abalone intestines as bioactive substances, abalone intestine gastrointestinal digests (AIGIDs) of various molecular weights (MWs) were prepared using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and an ultrafiltration system, and tested for inhibitory effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in macrophage cells treated with hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). In our results, among AIGIDs, AIGID-III (MW=5-10 kDa) showed potent inhibitory activities for lipid peroxidation and free radicals. Additionally, the results clearly indicated that AIGID-III treatment could prevent cytotoxic damage of macrophages by $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress due to its potent scavenging ability against cellular ROS. These results suggest that AIGIDs may have protective and therapeutic potential for oxidative stress syndromes and immune diseases through ROS inhibition in macrophage cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2021

Postoperative ileus (POI), a symptom that occurs after abdominal surgery, reduces gastrointestinal motility. Although its mechanism is unclear, POI symptoms are known to be caused by inflammation 6 to 72 h after surgery. As proton pump inhibitors exhibit protective effect against acute inflammation, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ilaprazole on a POI rat model. POI was induced in rats by abdominal surgery. Rats were divided into six groups: control: normal rat + 0.5% CMC-Na, vehicle: POI rat + 0.5% CMC-Na, mosapride: POI rat + mosapride 2 mg/kg, ilaprazole 1 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 1 mg/kg, ilaprazole 3 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 3 mg/kg, and ilaprazole 10 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 10 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal motility was confirmed by measuring gastric emptying (GE) and gastrointestinal transit (GIT). In the small intestine, inflammation was confirmed by measuring TNF-α and IL-1β; oxidative stress was confirmed by SOD, GSH, and MDA levels; and histological changes were observed by H&E staining. Based on the findings, GE and GIT were decreased in the vehicle group and improved in the ilaprazole 10 mg/kg group. In the ilaprazole 10 mg/kg group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were decreased, SOD and GSH levels were increased, and MDA levels were decreased. Histological damage was also reduced in the ilaprazole-treated groups. These findings suggest that ilaprazole prevents the decrease in gastrointestinal motility, a major symptom of postoperative ileus, and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.254-269
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• 2015

Objectives This study aimed to observe the effect of Taeumjowi-tang on the cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal dysfunctions in rats. Methods Four groups, each of 8 rats per group, were used in this study. Saline and distilled water treated control rats were intact vehicle control group. Delayed gastrointestinal motility was induced by intraperitoneal treatment of cisplatin 2mg/kg, once a week for 5 weeks(Cisplatin control group). Taeumjowi-tang aqueous extracts(TJ) were orally administered in a volume of 5ml/kg, once a day for 14 days from 4th cisplatin treatment(TJ group). Ondansetron 1mg/kg was subcutaneously treated, in a volume of 1ml/kg, as same as TJ(ondansetron group). We measured the body weights, intestinal charcoal transit ratio, fecal parameters, fundus MDA(malondialdehyde), GSH(glutathione) contents and SOD(superoxide dismutase), CAT(catalase) activities, TPH(tryptophanhydroxylase) and MAO(monoamine oxidase) activities, pyloric gastrin and serotonin contents with their immunoreactive cells, colonic serotonin-immunoreactive cells, the histopathology of pylorus, fundus mucosa and colon. Results 1) The body weight gains, the small intestinal charcoal transfer rates, the fecal parameters(numbers, weights and water contents) were increased in TJ, ondansetron group. 2) The inhibit of fundus antioxidant defense systems by cisplatin were decreased in TJ, ondansetron group. 3) The pyloric TPH activities were increased and the pyloric MAO activities were decreased in TJ group. 4) The pyloric gastric contents and the gastrin-immunoreactive cells were increased and the pyloric serotonin contents and the pyloric and colonic serotonin-immunoreactive cells were decreased in TJ group. 5) The pylorus atrophic changes and the gastric surface erosive damage regions by cisplatin were favorably inhibited by treatment of TJ group. Conclusions The results obtained in this study suggest that TJ favorably retarded the cisplatin related GI(gastrointestinal) dysfunctions and constipation through modulations of GI enterochromaffin cells, serotonin and gastrin-producing cells and antioxidative systems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1077-1079
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• 2012

The Kashmiri population is culturally distinct with special dietary features owing to the temperate climatic conditions of Kashmir valley. This has habituated the population to preserve food in smoked, pickled and sundried forms which include considerable amounts of $N$-nitroso compounds (NOCs). These are known to cause cytotoxicity, DNA damage, mutation, unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA methylation. All of these changes at molecular level are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer. One of the prominent NOCs found in Kashmiri food is $N$-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Here we review the occurrence of NDMA in sundried foods, dried fish, kehwa, traditional pickle, $Brassica$ $oleracia$ and $tobbaco$. We also discuss its possible role in the high prevalence of gastrointestinal cancers in Kashmir.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2004

Laundery detergent ingestions are generally considered to have minor consequences. But some detergent ingestions have severe consequences. Unlike household bleaches contain sodium hypochlorite, bleaching agents that contain sodium carbonate have the potential to cause significant mucosal damage to the gastrointestinal tract if ingested. Especially, when ingested in solid form of Sodium carbonate, corrosive injury is much heavier. Therefore, patient who ingest sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate need more intensive management than patient who ingest other bleaches. We experienced a case of serious caustic injury after ingestion of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate. We report this case with review of literature.