• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.258-267
• /
• 2002

In this study the general pharmacological profiles of AS6 on the central nervous system, cardiovascular and the other organs were investigated. The dosages given were 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg and drugs were orally administered. The animals used for this study were mice, rats and guinea pigs. Significant increases (p<0.01) in the charcoal transport capacity were observed at the high dose of 1000 mg/kg and significant increases in retardation of pain threshold were observed in the test using acetic acid in all dosed animals. However, AS6 showed no noticeable effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital-induced sleep time, body temperature, analgesic activity in the test using hot plate method and anticonvulsant activity. Furthermore no noticeable effects were observed in cardiovascular functions in the isolated rat heart, contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in the isolated guinea ileum, gastric secretion and renal function.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.5 no.4 s.20
• /
• pp.238-245
• /
• 2005

Purpose: Ghrelin, produced primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, has been reported to reflect nutritional status and to control homeostasis by influencing food intake and adiposity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate nutritional status, as well as plasma and gastric tissue ghrelin levels, in patients with gastric cancer who underwent a gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients were analyzed by the degree of weight loss $(weight\;loss{\geq}5%\;or\;<5%)$ and the extent of gastrectomy (subtotal or total gastrectomy). Blood samples were collected from all patients preoperatively and postoperatively especially at seven days. Gastric tissues, including tumor and normal tissues, were obtained from the resected stomach. levels of plasma and tissue ghrelin were measured with a commercial ELISA kit. Results: There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics and ghrelin levels of plasma, gastric tumor tissue and normal tissue by the degree of weight loss. The ghrelin levels in plasma and tumor tissue showed no correlations with each other while the ghrelin level in tumor tissue was significantly lower than that in normal tissue. The degree of cellular differentiation also had an association with ghrelin production. A gastrectomy proved to decrease significantly plasma ghrelin levels, body mass index, and biochemical markers, regardless of the extent of gastric resection. Conclusion: These results show that gastric cancer affects the production of ghrelin in the gastric mucosa and that ghrelin is mainly produced in stomach even though it could be partially covered by endogenous ghrelin from other organs following a gastrectomy. However, we should further investigate which other factors have an impact on energy consumption, ghrelin secretion, and changes in ghrelin levels after a gastrectomy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.690-696
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of extracts from Canavalia gladiata (CGE) on gastric inflammation induced by alcohol treatment in SD rats. Rats were divided into four groups: G1 (normal group), G2 (gastric inflammation induced by alcohol), G3 (gastric inflammation induced by alcohol with lansoprazole pretreatment), G4 (gastric inflammation induced by alcohol with 250 mg/kg b.w. CGE pretreatment), G5 (gastric inflammation induced by alcohol with 500 mg/kg b.w. CGE pretreatment). After the oral administration of 40% alcohol and samples for seven days, acute gastritis was induced with 70% alcohol and 0.15 M HCl. After 1 h of alcohol administration, the animals were sacrificed. Groups pretreated with lansoprazole or CGE showed an attenuation of gastric mucosal injury, including decreases in sub-epithelial loss, hemorrhages, and gastric juice secretion induced by administration of alcohol. The oral administration of CGE (500 mg/kg b.w.) significantly decreased the levels of TBARS. To examine molecular factors that regulate inflammation, the protein expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ and COX-2 were measured through immuno-histochemistry. Compared with the normal group (G1), the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ and COX-2 were clearly increased in G2. COX-2 and NF-${\kappa}B$ were expressed even higher in groups pretreated with CGE compared to G2. In conclusion, our data show that Canavalia gladiata has inhibitory and protective effects on gastric inflammation induced by alcohol treatment in SD rats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.1343-1349
• /
• 2012

Most of the Helicobacter pylori strains containing the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) have been associated with more severe gastric disease in infected humans. The cag PAI is composed of 27 proteins, and some of the components are required for CagA translocation into host cells as well as induction of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8); however, the exact function of most of the components remains unknown or poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that CagT (HP0532), which is an essential structural component of the cag PAI apparatus, plays an important role in the translocation of CagA into host epithelial cells. In addition to being located on the bacterial surface, CagT is also partially localized in the inner membrane, where it acts as a chaperone-like protein and promotes CagA translocation. However, CagT secretion was not detected by immunoprecipitation analysis of cell culture supernatants. Meanwhile, CagT was related to the introduction of IL-8 of the host cell. These results suggest that CagT is expressed on both the inner and outer bacterial membranes, where it serves as a unique type IV secretion system component that is involved in CagA secretion and cag PAI apparatus assembly.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.11
• /
• pp.923-935
• /
• 2023

Rubus crataegifolius (RC), Ulmus macrocarpa (UM), and Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) are well-known folk medicines in Asia used to treat various gastrointestinal disturbances. The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effect of LS-RUG-com, a mixture of commercially prepared powders of RC, UM, and GJ with a ratio of 3:1:2(w/w/w) against HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis, indomethacin-induced ulcers, and esophageal reflux-induced esophageal mucosal damage and Helicobacter pylori infections. In addition, TNF-α and IL-1β expressions were also determined and measured in esophageal tissue. As to HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis, the LS-RUG-com treatment at a dose of 150 mg/kg showed a remarkable anti-gastritis effect. Regarding indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers, the LS-RUG-com treatment had a significant anti-gastric ulcer effect. Furthermore, in the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) model experiment, the LS-RUG-com treatment resulted in the histological recovery of stomach damage and mucosal injuries. Furthermore, the LS-RUG-com treatment led to an increase in gastric content pH, an increase in mucus protection, and a decrease in gastric pepsin output with a significant decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β. As to the Helicobacter pylori infected animal model, LS-RUG-com had a notable inhibitory effect on Helicobacter growth. The use of RC, UM, or GJ in isolation or the LS-RUG-com treatment as whole had good effects in terms of anti-oxidation, anti-neutralization, gastric acid secretion inhibition, and anti-lipid peroxidation, which supported the use of natural products as systemic gastric protective agents. Our results suggest that the LS-RUG-com might be a significant systemic gastroprotective agent that could be utilized for the treatment and/or protection from gastric disturbances and related damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.11
• /
• pp.1528-1533
• /
• 2012

This study examined the protective effects of ginger and processed (Beopje) ginger extracts on gastritis induced by HCl-ethanol in SD-rats. Beopje (or Poje) is a branch of herbal medicines processed using a Korean traditional method to achieve specific pharmacological effects. Gastric lesions were induced in the rats by a treatment of 1 mL of HCl-ethanol (60% ethanol＋150 mM HCl). The rats were divided into seven groups: Normal (1 mL of saline without HCl-ethanol treated group), Control (HCl-ethanol treated group), GL (35 mg/kg of ginger treated group), BGL (35 mg/kg of Beopje ginger treated group), GH (350 mg/kg of ginger treated group), BGH (350 mg/kg of Beopje ginger treated group) and Cimetidine (80 mg/kg of cimetidine treated group). The gastric injury inhibition rate was 40.2% and 64.9% in GL and BGL and 68.4% and 99.6% in GH and BGH respectively, showing significantly lower rates than the control (p<0.05). The level of gastric juice secretion decreased significantly in all ginger administered groups. The pH of the gastric juices of BGH increased and the acidity of BGH and cimetidine decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the other groups. Beopje ginger had stronger inhibitory effects on gastritis than ginger without the Beopje process. The protective effect on gastritis by the ginger and Beopje ginger extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). These results suggest that ginger has inhibitory effects on HCl-ethanol induced gastritis in rats that can be improved through the Beopje process.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.7
• /
• pp.1017-1024
• /
• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Litsea japonica fruit flesh extract (LJF-HE) on gastritis in an indomethacin-induced SD rat model. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: G1 (normal group), G2 (control group, indomethacin-induced gastritis), G3 (positive group, indomethacin-induced gastritis and ranitidine 50 mg/kg), G4 (LJF-HE-L group, indomethacin-induced gastritis and L. japonica fruit flesh extract at 30 mg/kg), G5 (LJF-HE-M group, indomethacin-induced gastritis and L. japonica fruit flesh extract at 60 mg/kg), G6 (LJF-HE-H group, indomethacin-induced gastritis and L. japonica fruit flesh extract at 120 mg/kg). In the group treated with LJF-HE (G4, G5, and G6), gastric mucosal damage, gastric juice secretion and pepsin activity were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Additionally, there were decreases in the expression of cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK-2r), histamine receptor H2 (H2r) and H+/K+ ATPase in the gastric lesions. The plasma levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ significantly decreased in LJF-HE (G4, G5, and G6) treated groups compared with control. The plasma level of PGE2 was also significantly increased by LJF-HE (G5 and G6). These results suggest that LJF-HE (G4, G5, and G6) has the ability to inhibit on indomethacin-induced gastritis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.257-266
• /
• 2021

This study evaluated several in vitro activities including the preliminary assessment of the anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects of tree sprout extracts. Chlorogenic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acid contents in tree sprouts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and an ultraviolet detector. Among the studied tree sprout extracts, the ethanol (EtOH) extract of Rhus verniciflua exhibited the most potent anti-cancer effect by suppressing the cell viability of a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line, with an IC₅₀ of 7.06 ㎍/mL. The EtOH extract of Morus alba (MAB) inhibited the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL, with an IC₅₀ of 83.44 ㎍/mL. Moreover, the EtOH extract of Securinega suffruticosa inhibited NO secretion with the lowest IC₅₀ of 54.42 ㎍/mL. The EtOH extract of Fraxinus mandschurica was the only extract with effective α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The total content of chlorogenic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acids was the highest in MAB (14.63 mg/g ext.). In conclusion, the beneficial activities of the tree sprout extracts with high phenolic acid content were generally high. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the development of health-promoting supplements and functional foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.10
• /
• pp.1545-1552
• /
• 2005

Sanguisorba officinalis L. has been used as a traditional remedy for arthritis, neuralgia, diarrhea, vomiting, gastric ulcer and gastro-intestinal disorders. This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of ethylacetate fraction of Sanguisorba officinalis L. ethanol extract (SOE) on the gastric mucosal damage and gastric ulcer induced by HCI-ethanol, indomethacin, Shay-ligation method, restraint and water-immersion stress, and cysteamine in rats. The experiment animals were divided into four groups: a negative control group (CON), positive control group (cimetidine 100 mg/kg-CMT or omeprazol 100 mg/kg administrated group-OMT), SOE 200 mg/kg administrated group (SOL) and SOE 400 mg/kg administrated group (SOH), respectively. Rats were given an oral or intraduodenal administration of SOE, and all SOE treatment groups compared with the CON significantly inhibited HCI-ethanol-induced acute gastritis and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in dose-dependent manner, of which effects were lower in a positive control drug (CMT). The inhibition rates ($\%$) on the acute gastritis induced by HCI-ethanol and the gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin in rats, 17.66$\%$ and 48.28$\%$ in SOL, 21.71$\%$, and 51.08$\%$ in SOH, and 47.26$\%$ and 58.26$\%$ in CMT compared with CON, respectively, In pylorus ligated rats, the groups of SOE showed decreases in the volume of gastric secretion and acid output. However, no significant differences were observed in the pepsin activity between treated groups . In addition, SOH also depressed gastric ulcers induced by restraint and water-immersion stress and duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine. These results suggest that Sanguisorba officinalis L. has remarkable antigastric ulcer effects and could be developed as a new antigastric ulcer agents.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.108-116
• /
• 2017

Omeprazole, a benzimidazole derivative, suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting $H^+/K^+$ ATPase in gastric parietals cells, and by reducing $H^+$ concentration. To improve stability of esomeprazole magnesium dihydrate (ESMD), enteric-coated preperation was composed of core tablet, subcoating and enteric coating layer. We were evaluated in vitro dissolution characteristics between test and reference ESMD preparation and stability. We could prepare enteric-coated formulation of ESMD by controlling disintegrating agent and coating ratio which could rapidly dissolved in neutral or alkali medium. The formulation D5 with crospovidone of 1.25% and coating ratio of 16.25% had a similar dissolution behavior compare to reference preparation. Difference factor ($f_1$) and similarity factor ($f_2$) were 0~15 and 50~100 and there was no significant difference in bioequivalence between formulations. The content and dissolution rate of formulation D5 were $96.54{\pm}0.21$ and $78.56{\pm}0.87%$ without change of color in accelerated condition ($40^{\circ}C$, RH 75%, high density polyethylene (HDPE) container) for 6 months. This study concluded that our enteric coated preparation of ESMD could be an useful method to improve stability of unstable drug without direct contact with coating material.