• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.452-458
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• 2022

3가지 종류의 기-액 하이브리드 수평형, 수직형 그리고 needle-to-cylinder형 플라즈마 반응기가 제작되었다. 이들 반응기를 통하여 대기압 플라즈마 방전에서 발생하는 반응 활성종 생성과 전극 내의 전위차를 통한 세정성분의 기-액 활성화 반응을 일으키는 고효율 친환경 기반의 세정 개념을 제시하였다. 세정성능에 대한 효율성을 비교한 결과, needle-to-cylinder형 반응기가 가장 우수한 특성을 가졌다. 본 연구를 통해 기-액 하이브리드 대기압 플라즈마 반응기가 반도체 공정 등 초정밀 세정공정에 응용 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2022

In this study, a gas-liquid hybrid atmospheric pressure plasma reactor of the dielectric barrier discharge method was fabricated and characterized. The solubility of copper oxide in the organic acid solution was increased when argon having a larger atomic weight than helium was used during plasma discharge. There was no significant effect of mixing organic acid solutions under plasma discharge treatment on the variation of copper oxide's solubility. As the applied voltage for plasma discharge and the concentration of the organic acid solution increased, the dissolution and removal power of the copper oxide layer increased. Solubility of copper oxide was more affected by the concentration in organic acid solution rather than the variation of plasma applied voltage. The usefulness of hybrid plasma reactor for the surface cleaning process was confirmed.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.769-778
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• 2009

Performances and internal behaviors of the upflow hybrid anaerobic filters treating a dairy wastewater were analyzed to identify the functions and roles of the modular crossflow media and sludge bed layer and to discover their interrelationship in the filter. The media could perform independent biological and physical separation role without buildup of sludge bed, while the role of sludge bed was dependent on the function of the media. The filter packed with the crossflow media did not necessarily require the formation of sludge bed when treating a dairy wastewater. Biological contribution of the media was controlled by that of biologically active sludge bed complementing mutually each other. The gas-liquid-solid separation capability of the media was indispensible to ensure the active biological role of sludge bed, since sludge bed buildup without the media had no independently effective biological function. It was believed that the filter in itself could also function as a selector for physical gas-liquid-solid separation resulting in selectively concentrating particles with superior settleability in sludge bed. The sludge bed in the filter played a key role in the physical solids capture from influent as well as biological organics removal.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.726-739
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• 2003

A multi-dimensioanl model is being increasingly used to predict the thermo-flow field in the gas turbine combustor. This article addresses an integrated survey of modeling of the liquid spray formation and fuel distribution in gas turbine with high-shear nozzle/swirler assembly. The processes of concern include breakup of a liquid jet injected through a hole type orifice into air stream, spray-wall interaction and spray-film interaction, breakup of liquid sheet into ligaments and droplet,5, and secondary droplet breakup. Atomization of liquid through hole nozzle is described using a liquid blobs model and hybrid model of Kelvin-Helmholtz wave and Rayleigh-Taylor wave. The high-speed viscous liquid sheet atomization on the pre-filmer is modeled by a linear stability analysis. Spray-wall interaction model and liquid film model over the wall surface are also considered.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.273-277
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• 2009

This paper presents a basic energy performance data of micro gas turbine, Renewable Energy(BIPV and Solar Collector System, geothermal system) and a hybrid energy system(geothermal system and microturbine) installed in Hospital Building. The efficiency of solar collector and BIPV system was 30%, 10% individually, and lower than micro gas turbines. Micro gas turbines are small gas turbines that bum gaseous and liquid fuels to produce a high-energy exhaust gas and to generate the electrical power. Recently, the size range for micro gas turbines is form 30 to 500kW and power-only generation or in combined heat and power(CHP) systems. Finally, in energy performance aspect, Micro gas turbine system and hybrid energy system were high-efficiency system in hospital building. Hybrid energy system also give us a powerful alternative energy system economically.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.532-548
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• 2002

A hybrid model consisting of a modified TAB (Taylor Analogy Breakup) model and DVM (Discrete Vortex Method) is proposed for numerical analysis of the evaporating spray phenomena in diesel engines. The simulation process of the hybrid model is divided into three steps. First, the droplet breakup of injected fuel is analyzed by using the modified TAB model. Second, spray evaporation is calculated based on the theory of Siebers'liquid length. The liquid length analysis of injected fuel is used to integrate the modified TAB model and DVM. Lastly, both ambient gas flow and inner vortex flow of injected fuel are analyzed by using DVM. An experiment with an evaporative free spray at the early stage of its injection was conducted under in-cylinder like conditions to examine an accuracy of the present hybrid model. The calculated results of the gas jet flow by DVM agree well with the experimental results. The calculated and experimental results all confirm that the ambient gas flow dominates the downstream diesel spray flow.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2020

Automotive manufacturers are applying technologies for greenhouse gas reduction such as vehicle weight reduction, engine downsizing, direct injection technology, variable valves and transmission performance improvement to achieve the targets for enhanced greenhouse gas and fuel consumption efficiency. In this paper, compared and analyzed greenhouse emissions according to engine capacity, engine displacement, curb weight and sales volume of hybrid and internal combustion engine passenger vehicles. Hybrid emit 32~39% less greenhouse gas than internal combustion engines through the combined mode test method. Hybrid electric vehicle's curb weight was about 7% heavier on average for the same engine displacement, while greenhouse gas was about 36% lower. It was confirmed that in order to reduce the emission of pollutants of greenhouse gases as well as the air pollutants, it is necessary to expand the supply of eco-friendly vehicles.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.556-563
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• 2007

고전압 방전극이 기체상에 위치하고 접지 전극이 수중에 설치된 기체-액체 혼합 방전에 의한 화학적 활성종의 발생 특성에 관해 실험실 규모 실험을 수행하였다. 실험된 전극 구조는 기존의 연구에서 사용해왔던 일반적 전극 배열에서보다 높은 전계 강도(electric field strength)를 형성하고 짧은 폭을 지닌 펄스들을 생성시킴으로써 방전에 의해서 일어나는 화학반응의 에너지 효율성을 높일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 방전에 의해 기체상에 생성되는 오존 농도는 실험된 전압 범위의 중간 값인 45 kV 조건에서 가장 높은 것으로 관찰되었다. 용액 전도도가 낮을수록 액체상을 통한 전기 저항이 증가하여 기체상에서 높은 전계 강도가 형성되므로 오존 생성을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 인가전압이 증가할수록 높은 전계 강도가 형성되어 강한 방전이 이루어지므로 과산화수소 생성속도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 낮은 전압에서는 용액 전도도가 증가하면 과산화수소 분해속도가 증가하기 때문에 과산화수소 생성 속도가 감소하며 높은 전압에서는 용액 전도도가 증가하면 자외선 조사 등에 의해 과산화수소 발생의 중간 생성물인 OH 라디칼의 발생이 촉진되므로 과산화수소 생성 속도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 산소와 아르곤의 혼합기체가 공급될 때, 강하고 안정한 방전이 이루어져 과산화수소 생성속도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2019

The quasi-solid-state hybrid electrolytes were synthesized by chemical cross-linking reaction of methacrylate-functionalized $SiO_2$ ($MA-SiO_2$) and tetra (ethylene glycol) diacrylate in aqueous electrolyte. A quasi-solid-state electrolyte synthesized by 6 wt.% $MA-SiO_2$ exhibited a high ionic conductivity of $177mS\;cm^{-1}$ at room temperature. The electrochemical $H_2$ sensor assembled with quasi-solid-state electrolyte showed relatively fast response and high sensitivity for hydrogen gas at ambient temperature, and exhibited better durability and stability than the liquid electrolyte-based sensor. The simple construction of the sensor and its sensing characteristics make the quasi-solid-state hydrogen sensor promising for practical application.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2015

본 논문은 하이브리드 로켓 성능향상을 위하여 가스발생기형과 후방 연소형 개념을 결합한 혼합형 하이브리드 로켓을 제안하고 있다. 특히 고체 추진제를 사용하는 기존의 가스발생기와 달리, 고체연료와 액체/기체 산화제를 적용한 혼합식 가스발생기를 제안하였으며 혼합식 가스발생기의 연료과농 연소특성을 확인하기 위하여 연료 길이, 산화제 유량, 연료 내경 그리고 연료 종류를 변화하며 연소가스 온도 변화를 측정하였다. 그러나 이들 인자 변화에 의한 온도변화가 매우 제한적이므로 또 다른 인자로 $O_2$와 $N_2$를 혼합한 혼합산화제를 사용하였다. 이때 가스발생기의 연소가스 온도의 요구조건은 1600 K이하로 설정하였으며 연소 시험에서 혼합식 가스발생기는 온도조건을 만족하는 연료과농 연소가스가 생성되었음을 확인하였다. 그러나 온도에 따른 검댕의 발생특성과 다른 이전 연구들에서 제시하는 가스발생기 연소가스 온도 요구조건이 1200 K이하임을 고려할 때, 최종적으로 이 조건을 만족하는 연료과농 연소가스를 생성할 계획이다.