• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.236-242
• /
• 2008

이산화염소수 발생 최적조건을 검토하기 위하여 생성원료인 $NaClO_2$ 농도(0.01-0.1%)와 $Cl_2$ gas 투입량(100-1,000 g/hr)에 따른 chlorite, chlorate, FAC 및 chlorine dioxide의 생성량을 조사하였다. Chlorate, FAC 및 chloride dioxide 생성량은 $NaClO_2$ 및 $Cl_2$ 투입량이 증가할 수록 생성량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이산화염소수 최적 생성조건은 0.1% $NaClO_2$, 900 g/hr $Cl_2$ gas 농도였으며 발생한 이산화염소수의 $ClO_2$는 882 ppm, FAC는 8.0 ppm, chlorite는 검출되지 않았고 chlorate는 43.32 ppm이었다. 이때의 수율과 순도는 각각 97.0%, 96.0%였다. 상추, 치콘, 깻잎, 케일의 채소류에 대한 세정 침지 살균에서는 이산화염소수 농도의존성 감균 효과를 나타내어 3-4 log의 총균수 감소 효과가 있었다. 과일의 경우에도 농도 의존성 감균 효과는 동일하였으며 대략 3-5 log의 총균수 감균 효과가 있었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 1993

In order to surface Hydrophobilization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber samples were treated in the atmosphere of CF$_{4}$ or $C_{2}$F$_{6}$glow discharge. The sample used in this study was PET film which is 75$\mu$m thick made by Teijin, O-Type(Japan). The cleaned samples were placed in plasma reactor made of pyrex glass cylinder, and plasma processing was carried out by glow discharge of CF$_{4}$ or $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ gas, being continuously fed by gas flow and continuously pumped out by a vacuum system. Electric power source for generate plasma state was sustained alternating current(60Hz) and voltage was sustained 600 volt. The duration of plasma treatment varied from 15 to 120 seconds except special case, the monomer gase pressure varied from 0.02 to 0.3 Torr and power range was 10 to 90 watts. The hydrophobic features of changed PET surface were evaluated by contact angle measurement and surface chemical characteristics were analyzed by ESCA. Results can be summerized as follows. 1. The most favorable setting position of substrate was the center area between the two electrodes. 2. $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ discharge current was lower than that of CF$_{4}$ when same voltage was sustained. Treated efficiency between CF$_{4}$ and $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ did not revealed significant differences under same electric power(wattage). 3. When monomer pressure is very low below 0.02 torr, as though substrate is exposed to CF$_{4}$ or $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ plasma, it tend to be hydrophilic through a little of fluorine bond and a great deal of oxidizing reaction. 4. There brought good hydrophobilization when monomer pressure was more 0.1 torr and duration of glow discharge treatment was over 45 seconds. When monomer pressure was too high, discharge current became low. Although prolong the duration, there was no more high hydrophobilization. 5. According to ESCA analysis, there were a little CF bond and a prevailing CF$_{2}$ bond in CF$_{4}$-treated substrate. There were CF$_{3}$, a little CF and a prevailing CF$_{2}$ bond in $C_{2}$F$_{6}$-treated substrate.d substrate.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.131-131
• /
• 2013

A single-layer graphene has been uniformly grown on a Cu surface at elevated temperatures by thermally processing a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film in a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) system under vacuum. The detailed chemistry of the transition from solid-state carbon to graphene on the catalytic Cu surface was investigated by performing in-situ residual gas analysis while PMMA/Cu-foil samples being heated, in conjunction with interrupted growth studies to reconstruct ex-situ the heating process. The data clearly show that the formation of graphene occurs with hydrocarbon molecules vaporized from PMMA, such as methane and/or methyl radicals, as precursors rather than by the direct graphitization of solid-state carbon. We also found that the temperature for vaporizing hydrocarbon molecules from PMMA and the length of time the gaseous hydrocarbon atmosphere is maintained, which are dependent on both the heating temperature profile and the amount of a solid carbon feedstock are the dominant factors to determine the crystalline quality of the resulting graphene film. Under optimal growth conditions, the PMMA-derived graphene was found to have a carrier (hole) mobility as high as ~2,700 cm2V-1s-1 at room temperature, superior to common graphene converted from solid carbon.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 스마트 열 그리드의 운영 특성 분석을 위한 기초적인 방법론과 해당 방법론에 근거한 열 그리드 연계운전 분석 시뮬레이션 프로그램에 대해 소개하고자 하며, 특히 기존의 광역 열에너지네트워크에 해당하는 집단에너지 시스템 인근에 소규모 열 그리드가 신규로 연계되어 운전될 경우에 대한 각 시스템별 운영특성 및 주요 운전 변수에 대한 상호 영향에 대해 면밀히 살펴볼 수 있는 시뮬레이션 방법론에 대해 고찰해보고자 한다. 본 연구에서 열 그리드 간 연계운전에 따른 기존의 규모가 큰 열 그리드에 대한 영향은 해당 그리드의 연간 시각별 운영 실적 데이터를 바탕으로 한 경험적 상관관계식을 도출하여 간략히 모델링하고자 하였으며, 신규 그리드에 설치, 운영되는 열원 설비들에 대한 운전 특성은 실제 제품의 운전부하별 운전효율 자료에 대한 DB를 구축, 사용함으로서 시뮬레이션 분석 결과의 신뢰도를 제고하고자 하였다. 또한 본 시뮬레이션 프로그램에서는 해당 수요처의 에너지부하 예측에 있어 건물 유형별로 연간, 시각별로 실측한 데이터를 기반으로 수립된 단위 에너지부하 모델을 이용, 예측함으로써 운전시뮬레이션을 통한 최적화 분석 결과의 신뢰성을 확보하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 기 제안된 방법론 및 이에 근거한 시뮬레이션 분석 결과로부터 그리드 상호간 열 거래에 기반한 복수의 열 그리드 운전 특성 분석 방법의 효용성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 향후 수요자 및 열 에너지 공급자간 다양한 정보의 공유를 근간으로 하는 IT 기반 스마트 열 그리드 최적화 분석으로의 확장을 위한 기초 자료를 확보할 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제20권11호
• /
• pp.570-574
• /
• 2010

A diamond-like carbon (DLC) film deposited on a WC disk was investigated to improve disk wear resistance for injection molding of zirconia optical ferrule. The deposition of DLC films was performed using the filtered vacuum arc ion plating (FV-AIP) system with a graphite target. The coating processing was controlled with different deposition times and the other conditions for coating, such as input power, working pressure, substrate temperature, gas flow, and bias voltage, were fixed. The coating layers of DLC were characterized using FE-SEM, AFM, and Raman spectrometry; the mechanical properties were investigated with a scratch tester and a nano-indenter. The friction coefficient of the DLC coated on the WC was obtained using a pin-on-disk, according to the ASTM G163-99. The thickness of DLC films coated for 20 min. and 60 min. was about 750 nm and 300 nm, respectively. The surface roughness of DLC films coated for 60 min. was 5.9 nm. The Raman spectrum revealed that the G peak of DLC film was composed of $sp^3$ amorphous carbon bonds. The critical load (Lc) of DLC film obtained with the scratch tester was 14.6 N. The hardness and elastic modulus of DLC measured with the nano-indenter were 36.9 GPa and 585.5 GPa, respectively. The friction coefficient of DLC coated on WC decreased from 0.2 to 0.01. The wear property of DLC coated on WC was enhanced by a factor of 20.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.529-537
• /
• 2000

본 연구에서는 압출된 PP sheets를 각기 다른 조사량으로 조사 가교시켜, 겔 분율 차이에 따른 세 종류의 샘플을 만든 다음, 회분식 공정을 통해 초임계 유체 (supercritical fluid) 상태의 $CO_2$를 발포제로 사용하여 발포시켰다. 이때, 겔 분율의 차이 및 고압 반응기 내에서 충진 압력과 충진 시간이 셀 구조에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 다음으로, 발포조건에 따른 셀 구조 변화를 알아보기 위해 발포온도와 발포시간을 변화시키면서 실험하였다. 고분자 샘플 내로 침투한 가스의 양은 겔 분율의 차이에 의한 변화가 거의 없었으며, 충진 압력이 2000 psi 이상일 경우 충진 압력의 영향에도 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 겔 분율이 낮은 샘플은 발포온도나, 발포시간이 증가함에 따라 셀 크기가 불균일하게 증가하였으나, 겔 분율이 높은 샘플은 높은 발포온도와 발포시간에서도 균일하게 셀 크기를 유지하며 안정한 구조를 나타내었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.208-208
• /
• 2010

Indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO) thin films were studied as a possible alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) films for providing low-cost transparent conducting oxide (TCO) for thin film photovoltaic devices. IZTO films were deposited onto glass substrates at room temperature. A dc/rf magnetron co-sputtering system equipped with a ceramic target of the same composition was used to deposit TCO films. Earlier studies showed that the resistivity value of $In_{0.6}Zn_{0.2}Sn_{0.2}O_{1.5}$ (IZTO20) films could be lowered to approximately $6{\times}10^{-4}ohm{\cdot}cm$ without sacrificing optical transparency and still maintaining amorphous structure through the optimization of process variables. The growth rate was kept at about 8 nm/min while the oxygen-to-argon pressure ratio varied from 0% to 7.5%. As-deposited films were always amorphous and showed strong oxygen pressure dependence of electrical resistivity and electron concentration values. Influence of forming gas anneal (FGA) at medium temperatures was also studied and proven effective in improving electrical properties. In this study, the chemical composition of the targets and the films varied around the $In_{0.6}Zn_{0.2}Sn_{0.2}O_{1.5}$ (IZTO20). It was the main objective of this paper to investigate how off-stoichiometry affected TCO characteristics including electrical resistivity and optical transmission. In addition to the composition effect, we have also studied how film properties changed with processing variables. IZTO thin films have shown their potential as a possible alternative to ITO thin films, in such way that they could be adopted in some applications where currently ITO and IZO thin films are being used. Our experimental results are compared to those obtained for commercial ITO thin films from solar cell application view point.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.499-504
• /
• 2010

디젤 매연여과장치내 포집된 입자상물질의 재생 시기를 제어하기 위해서는 매연 포집량을 정확히 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 필터내 축적된 매연 포집량은 필터 전 후의 압력차와 배기유량에 의해 예측될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 먼저, 디젤산화촉매와 디젤매연여과장치 전 후의 각각 압력차의 비로써 정의한 매연지수의 산출을 위해 효과적인 신호처리방법을 제시하였다. 이를 3L급 승용 디젤엔진에서 정상운전조건과 과도운전조건에서 비교한 결과, 매연지수와 매연 포집량에 있어서 일정 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.359-367
• /
• 2000

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of propofol on cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) in seven dogs. Propofol infusion was accomplished from low concentration to high concentration in series, and each concentration was infused for 20 minutes (M0: 0, M0.5: 0.5, M1.0:1.0, and M1.5: 1.5 mg/kg/min of infusion rate). EEG was recorded via needle electrode placed at Cz, which was applied to International 10-20 system. Arterial blood pressure. blood gas analysis and ECG were also measured. Hoemodynamics, Pa$CO_2$, PaO$_2$, heart rate and respiratory rate were variable, but were net significant(p>0.05). The power spectra of EEG in every concentration was compared wish those of control (MO). The powers at a1l frequencies at M1.0 and Ml.5 were decreased. Especially, the powers of the frequencies over 20 Hz were significantly decreased (p<0.O5). Powers at frequencies between 8 and 15Hz at MO.S were significantly increased (p<0.05) in response to the painful stimuli. It was inferred that they may reflect activity of the brain which is consciously processing the external Stimuli. Like the Power spectra, al1 the band powers of He EEG ($\delta$ 1-4, $\theta$4-8, $\alpha$ 8-13, $\beta$L13-21. $\beta$H 21-30, \ulcorner 30-50, and total 1-5OHz) were decreased in proportion to the increase of infusion rate at M1 .0 and M1.5. Especially, decrease of $\beta$H and ${\gamma}$ were significant(p<0.01). At M0.5, $\alpha$ band was significantly increased(p<0.05) among all the bands. Seizure activities which were concide with occurrence of spike wave were shown in all dogs at Ml .0 and M1.5.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.604-611
• /
• 2016

In order to comply with demand for high efficient gas turbines operating at higher temperatures, considerable amounts of research efforts have been performed with searching for the next-generation thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with respect to coating materials as well as processing methods. In this study, thermal barrier coatings in the $(La_{1-x}Gd_x)_2Zr_2O_7$ system, which is one of the most versatile materials replacing yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), are fabricated by suspension plasma spray with suspension made of synthesized powders via solidstate reaction. Dense, $100{\sim}400{\mu}m$ thick coatings of fluorite-phase zirconate with moderate amount of segmented microstructures are obtained by using suspension plasma spray. Phase formation and thermal diffusivity are characterized with coating compositions. The feasibility of $(La_{1-x}Gd_x)_2Zr_2O_7$ coatings for TBC applications is also discussed.