• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.218-221
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• 2013

Korean cabbage, a member of the Brassicaceae family which also includes cauliflower, mustard, radish, and turnip plants, is a crucial leafy vegetable crop. Korean cabbage is harvested after completion of the leaf heading process and is often prepared for use in "baechu kimchi", a traditional Korean food. Many of the components in Korean cabbage are essential for proper human nutrition; these components can be divided into two groups: primary metabolites, which include carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and organic acids, and secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, carotenoids, sterols, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and glucosinolates (GSLs). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, this study examined the variety of volatile compounds (including isothiocyanates) contained in Korean cabbage and its seed, which resulted in the identification of 16 and 12 volatile compounds, respectively. The primary volatile compound found in the cabbage was ethyl linoleolate (~23%), while 4,5-epithiovaleronitrile (~46%) was the primary volatile component in the seed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.455-458
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• 1997

Crude oils in the rhizoma of fresh and dried Gastrodia elata were obtained by a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction(SDE) method using n-pentane/diethyl ether (1 : 1) as solvent, and their volatile constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS) A total of 39 volatile flavor constituents (11 acids, 13 alcohols,6 hydrocarbons,7 carbonyls,2 esters) and 25 constituents (6 alcohols, 13 acids, 4 hydrocarbons, 1 carbonyl, ester) were identified in the fresh and dried Gastrodia elate respectively. The major volatile components of the fresh and dried sample were hexadecanoic acid(66.78%, 50.72%), 9-hexadecenoic acid(8.07%, 9.58%), heptadecanoic acid(2.01%, 0.13%), pentadecanoic acid(6.41%, 4.94%), p-cresol(1.43%,0.52%) and cyclododecene(1.83%, 6.00%).

• 센서학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.221-224
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• 2019

Based on the results of studies on acetone excretion in diabetic patients, a one - chip sensors array was fabricated by combining acetone-selective sensor materials and volatile-organic-compound sensitive sensor materials. An electonic-nose was implemented using a sensor array and confirmed selectivity for five gases. In this system, the excretion of diabetic patients and controls was sampled with solid phase microextraction fiber and transferred to the sensor array. Although the control and diabetic patients were distinct, several samples failed. In the control group, the results of blood tests were normal, but patients were highly obese. In addition, the gas chromatography mass spectrometry results for the subjects revealed chemicals that are external factors.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.275.1-275.1
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• 2003

Because people who take more than two drugs have increases, a simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and nalbuphine in urine was developed. After alkalinization of the urine samples with 6 N-NaOH, the analytes were extracted using ethyl acetate, derivatized with MSTFA : TSIM : TMCS (= 100 : 2 : 5) prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) analysis with selected ion monitoring. (omitted)

• 분석과학
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.224-235
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• 2023

An analytical method was developed for the determination of phenol (P) and the seven substituted phenols in water samples and fish tissue samples collected from three streams located in eastern Gangwon State in spring and summer. The phenols were extracted and then derivatized to phenyl acetates using acetic anhydride. The derivatives were subsequently identified and quantified using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. P and 4-nitrophenol (4NP) were found at relatively high levels in water, ranging from below the method detection limit (MDL) to 3.32 ㎍/L and from < MDL to 4.91 ㎍/L, respectively. P and 4NP were also the dominant compounds in the fish tissue, ranging from < MDL to 407 ㎍/kg and from < MDL to 870 ㎍/kg, respectively. Phenol concentrations were significantly higher in spring than in summer. The ecological risk quotient calculated for P was higher than 4NP but not high enough to pose any risk of adverse effects to fish health.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2004

An analytic method was developed for the quantitation of $\Delta$$^{9}-$ tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy THC (THC-COOH) in human hair. After hair samples were pulverized using Freezer Mill, deuterated internal standards were added and digested in 1 N NaOH at $100^{\circ}C$ water bath for 30 min. Digest solutions were extracted by 5 ml hexane：ethyl acetate (90：10) after acidification with acetic acid. The organic phase was evaporated under N 2 and derivatized by BSTFA (with 1% TMCS) at $85^{\circ}C$ for 45 min. The derivatized solution was separated on HP-5MS column ($30m{\times}0.25mm{\times}0.25mm$) and detected using EI-GC-MS with selective ion monitoring mode. The assay of calibration was ranged from 5 to 100 ng/50 mg hair ($r^2$＞0.99) for THC and THC-COOH. Within and between-run precision were calculated at 6, 30, 60 ng/50 mg hair with coefficients of variation less than 11%. Within and between run accuracies at the same concentrations were$\pm$14% and $\pm$30% of target for both analytes, respectively. Absolute and relative recovery at 10 and 100 ng were 60∼91％. The method was used to detect and quantify THC and THC-COOH in cannabis abuser's hairs (N = 16) and SRM (N=5, THC 1 ng/mg, NIST). We detected THC and THC-COOH in only one hair sample. In SRM, % accuracy was 93% (range 86∼103%) and precision (% CV) was 8.14. We began to set up a quantitative analysis of THC and THC-COOH using EI-GC-MS. Continuously, we need to modify and develop this method in order to apply for identification in cannanbis users' hair.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 국내 시판 중인 정유의 화학적 구성, 항균 및 항산화 효과를 조사하였다. 정유의 성분 분석은 GC-MS법을 이용하였다. 정유는 그람음성, 양성 및 다약제 내성균에 대하여 광범위한 항균 범위를 보여주었다. 정유 5종의 항균활성은 40개 병원성 세균에 대한 MIC로 측정하였다. Lemongrass와 manuka는 0.0625-0.5% (v/w), tea tree는 0.03125-1.0% (v/w), thyme 0.0625-1.0% (v/w) 및 ravensara는 1-4% (v/w)의 MIC 수치를 나타내었다. 정유의 항산화 활성은 환원력 및 DPPH법으로 평가하였다. 5종의 정유 모두 농도 의존적으로 DPPH free radical 저해 및 환원력을 가지고 있었으며, thyme이 대조군인 ascorbic acid와 비교 시 가장 높은 항 산화능을 보였다. 5종의 정유 모두 고른 항균 및 항산화능을 가지고 있으며, 이중 thyme이 가장 높은 항균활성 및 항산화능을 가지고 있어 천연 항균 항산화제로써의 가치가 있다고 생각되었다. 본 연구진은 국내 시판중인 정유 5종의 성분분석, 항균 및 항산화 활성을 처음으로 비교 분석하여 보고하였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2016

Little information about the biological activities of Citrus limon (lemon) leaves has been reported, whereas the fruit of Citrus limon (lemon) has been well-documented to contain various pro-health bio-functional compounds. In the present study, the antiproliferative activities of the lemon leaves were evaluated using several cancer cell lines. From the n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions of methanolic extract of the leaves, the chloroform fraction of lemon leaves (CFLL) showed the most potent antiproliferative activity in the AGS human gastric cancer cells. The current study demonstrates that CFLL induces apoptosis in AGS cells, as evidenced by an increase in apoptotic bodies, cell population in the sub-G1 phase, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3 and caspase-9. Compositional analysis of the CFLL using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) resulted in the identification of 27 compounds including trans, trans-farnesol (3.19 %), farnesol (3.26 %), vanillic acid (1.45 %), (-)-loliolide (5.24 %) and palmitic acid (6.96 %). Understanding the modes of action of these compounds individually and/or synergistically would provide useful information about their applications in cancer prevention and therapy.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2015

3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) are not only produced in the manufacturing process of foodstuffs such as hydrolyzed vegetable proteins and soy sauce but are also formed by heat processing in the presence of fat and low water activity. 3-MCPD exists both in free and ester forms, and the ester form has been also detected in various foods. Free 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP are classified as Group 2B by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Although there is no data confirming the toxicity of either compound in humans, their toxicity was evidenced in animal experimentation or in vitro. Although few studies have been conducted, free 3-MCPD has been shown to have neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity. In contrast, 1,3-DCP only has mutagenic activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP in various foods using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP were analyzed using phenyl boronic acid derivatization and the liquid-liquid extraction method, respectively. The analytical method for 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation, accuracy and precision. Consequently, the LODs of 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP in various matrices were identified to be in the ranges of 4.18~10.56 ng/g and 1.06~3.15 ng/g, respectively.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.188-188
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• 2003

Examination was made of the urinary metabolite(s) of CKD-712, which is a chiral compound, named S-YS49 derived from higenamine (one component of Aconite spp.) derivatives. First of all, to analyze the metabolite(s) of CKD-712, a simple and sensitive detection method for CKD-712 was developed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC/MS). Urine was collected from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats 250${\pm}$10g) in metabolic cage for 24hr after oral administration of 100 mg/kg of CKD-712. The recovery of CKD-712 after extraction and concentration with AD-2 resin column was above 90 % from rat urine. The detection limits of CKD-712 in urine was approximately 0.1 ng/mL. It has well been suggested that isoquinoline possessing catechol moiety such as CKD-712 should be subjected to the catechol-O-methyl kransferase activity in vivo. We detected three major peaks of presumed CKD-712 metabolites in the total ion chromatogram obtained from the rat urine sample after oral administration of CKD-712. From these results, it is assumed that the urinary metabolites are mono-methylation in the naphthyl moiety (metabolite I ), methylation at the C-6 or 7 hydroxy group in the isoquinoline moiety and hydroxylation at in the naphthyl moiety (metaboliteII), and methylation at the C-6 or 7 hydroxy group in the isoquinoline moiety (metaboliteIII).