• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.747-755
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• 1996

The regional distribution and relative frequencies of the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the GIT and pancreas of the Korean mole. Seven kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. Although 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the GIT, they were most predominant in the pyloric gland region. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were restricted on the large intestine. Bovine CG-immunoreactive cells were more frequent in the stomach than in the intestines which were not detected in the duodenum. Numerous Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were found in the pyloric gland region, but rarely in the jejunum and ileum. BPP-immunoreactive cells were observed to be rare in the stomach and ileum but were a few in number in the intestines. In the pancreas, four types, namely, glucagon-, somatostatin-, BPP- and insulin-immunoreactive cells were identified in the pancreatic islets and exocrine portion. These results suggest that although endocrine cells of the Korean mole is less abundant in the duodenum, the distribution pattern of its gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells is similar to that reported for the Korean hedgehog.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.417-425
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• 1995

The regional distribution and relative frequencies of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the GIT of the cat-shark. Five kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. Mostly these cells were of open types, except for glucagon-, BPP- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the stomach which seemed to be of closed type. 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the GIT, and were more freguent than of the other regions. Glucagon-and BPP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the entire GIT except for the duodenum an the rectum, and occurred in various frequencies. A few numbers of Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the duodenum. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were distributed in the whole GIT, and were a few in numbers in the stomach and rare in the intestine, respectly. These results suggest that the pattern of the regional distribution is rather similar to that reported fur previously, but relative number was less frequent than that of other species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.579-589
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• 1993

The regional distribution and the relative frequencies of endocrine cells were studied in nine portions of the blue fox GI tract, and the distribution pattern and cell types of the pancreativc endocrine cells were also studied in the pancreas by immunohistochemical method. Six kinds of immunoreactive cells were identified in the GI tract, and four kinds of immunoreactive cells were also identified in the pancreas. Although numerous 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the GI tract, somatostatin- immunoreactive cells were a few in the intestine. Very numerous Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were restricted generally in the pyloric region and duodenum. Numerous glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and generally a few in the intestine. Moderate number of BPP-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and a few in the large intestine. Numerous porcine CG-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the cardiac and fundic region. In the pancreas, four types of pancreatic endocrine cells- somatostatin-, glucagon-, BPP- and insulin-immunoreactive- were identified in the pancreatic islet and exocrine portion. These results suggest that the regional distribution, the relative frequencies and cell types of the GEP endocrine cells in the GI tract and pancreas varies considerably among the species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1991

The pancreatic endocrine cells of the cat-shark, S. torazame, were studied using immunohistochemical method. Five kinds of endocrine cells (glucagon-, somatostatin-, insulin-, 5-HT-and BPP-immunoreactive cells) identified in this study. The chracteristic findings of the distributions of five immunoreactive cells were as follows. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected as clustering group in the epithelia of the interlobular duct and singly the pancreatic acini, respectively. Insulin -immunoreactive cells were moderately observed in the epithelia of the interlobular duct or in the periphery of the islet. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were distributed in single or mass groups in the epithelia of the interlobular duct and the exocrine gland of the pancreas. A very few 5-HTimmunoreactive cells were seen in the periphery of the islet and the acini of the pancreas-BPP-immunoreactive cell was singly located in the periphery of the pancreatic islet, but GAS/CCK-and Chromogranin-immunoreactive cells were not found in this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.246-257
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• 1998

Endocrine cells in the thymus of duck(Anas platyrhynchos platyrhyncos, Linne) were studied immunohistochemically from 23 days of incubation to 32 weeks of age. Somatostatin-, growth hormone(GH)-, gastrin/cholecystokinin(Gas/CCK)-, polypeptide YY(PYY)-, S-100 protein(S-100 P)-, dopamine-, serotonin(5-HT)-, and bovine chromogranin (BCG)-immunoreactive cells were detected in the duck thymus by the PAP techniques. These immunoreactive cells were observed in the medulla and in the juxtacortical medulla. No immunoreactivity of calcitonin and bovine pancreatic polypeptide(BPP) antiserum were observed. The argyrophil cells by Grimelius techniques were observed from 23 days of incubation to 32 weeks of age and peaked in 5 weeks of age. In the early develpmental stage, the argyrophil cells were distributed only in the medulla, while these cells were distributed mainly in the medulla and a few cells were distributed in the corticomedullary junction from 3 weeks of age. These immunoreactive cells were generally round, oval and elliptical and occasionally spindle, polygonal and polymorphous with the long cytopslasmic processes in shape. The present study suggests that the intrathymic endocrine cells may associate with the functional maturation of T-lymphocytes on the establishment of immunity. The further study will be needed to elucidate the function of these thymic endocrine cells.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.351-358
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• 2014

Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) was investigated for its parasite elimination activity and efficacy in treating disorders of the prostate gland and urinary bladder. We confirmed the composition of PSO and identified its ability to improve vessels. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric (GC-MS) system was used for PSO composition analysis. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were confirmed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Nitric oxide(NO) production was measured with Griess reagent, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 mRNA expression levels were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As a result, PSO revealed the presence of several components such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. Cytotoxic effects of PSO were not observed, and PSO increased nitric oxide production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Additionally, TNF-${\alpha}$-induced cell proliferation and ICAM-1 expression in HUVEC were inhibited by PSO treatment, whereas VCAM-1 expression was not significantly reduced. Taken together, these results show that PSO is worthy of study as a candidate food material for improvement of vascular disease.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2018

Regulation of gastrointestinal hormones have been reported in animal models for constipation undergoing laxative therapy when administered herbal products. We undertook to investigate whether the laxative activity of gallotannin-enriched extracts isolated from Galla Rhois (GEGR) affects the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones, by examining the concentration of four hormones and the activation of their receptors in the loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation model. Stool parameters, including number, weight and water content, were significantly recovered in the Lop+GEGR treated group, relative to the Lop+ vehicle treated group; however, food intake and water consumption were maintained at a constant level. Also, a similar recovery was detected for thickness of mucosa, muscle and flat luminal surface in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Furthermore, concentration of the four gastrointestinal hormones evaluated, namely, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS) and motilin (MTL), were lower in the Lop+vehicle treated group than the No treated group, but were remarkably enhanced in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Moreover, the downstream signaling pathway of MTL and SS receptors were recovered after GEGR administration. Results of the present study therefore indicate that the laxative effects of GEGR treatment may be tightly related with the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones in the Lopinduced constipation model.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2014

Purpose: Citron seed oil (CSO) has been reported to have high antioxidant activity. However, the composition and other biologically activities of CSO have not been reported. In this study, we confirmed the fatty acid composition of CSO, which may be beneficial to vascular disease and obesity. Methods: We investigated the oil composition of CSO using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and cytotoxicity was confirmed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured using Griess reagent, and lipid accumulation and leptin secretion in 3T3-L1 cells were measured by Oil-Red O staining and commercial ELISA kit, respectively. Results: GC-MS analysis indicated that CSO contains several components, including linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid, and arachidic acid. In physiological activity analysis, CSO did not induce cytotoxic effects in HUVECs and 3T3-L1 cells. Further, CSO significantly induced nitric oxide and leptin secretion as well as inhibited lipid accumulation. Conclusion: CSO increased NO release, inhibited lipid accumulation, and induced leptin secretion, suggesting it may be useful for the management of vessels and weight gain. Although further studies are required to investigate the safety and mechanism of action of CSO, our results show that the composition and physiological activity of CSO are sufficient for its use as functional edible oil.