• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_3
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• pp.1261-1271
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• 2019

In case of Korea, limestone is very useful in various industries. These limestones are mainly produced in Gangwon-do. The study area, which is located in Okgye-myeon, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, is Okcheon metamorphic belt where abundant limestone, dolomite stone, and high-grade limestone are produced. The purpose of this study is to distinguish between calcite and dolomite among the limestone which is one of the representative carbonate rocks using the spectral characteristics. For this study,spectral characteristics were measured in the field and laboratory using FieldSpec® 3 spectrometer equipment from Analytical Spectral Device Inc. (ASD). In the field, the reflectance was measured below 50 cm from rock surface, and in the laboratory, the reflectance was measured in the rock surface, the polished surface, and the rock powder. As a result, absorption wavelengths of calcite and dolomite were significantly different around 2,330 nm. In particular, the absorption wavelength band position of dolomite appeared before 2,330 nm wavelength compared to calcite. The study could be used as a basis data for analysis of high-grade calcite limestone.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.361-367
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• 2002

In order to determine the optimum harvest time for the seed production of inbreds and hybrids in silage corn, the ears of sib-pollinated 'KS5', 'KS7rhm', and 'Ga209' and cross-pollinated 'KS5' $\times$ 'KS6' (Suwon19), 'KS7 rhm' $\times$ 'KSl17' (Suwonok), and 'Ga209' $\times$ 'DB544'(Kwanganok) were harvested at the one-week intervals from 4 to 10 weeks after silking. The optimum harvest time for the seed production for 'KS5', 'KS5' $\times$ 'KS6', 'KS7 rhm', and 'KS7rhm' $\times$ 'KS117' was 7 weeks after silking considering both emergence rate and plumule growth in cold test. Although earlier harvested seeds showed similar germination rate as the seeds harvested at the optimum time at $25^{\circ}C$, their emergence rate were lower in cold test. Seed weight and $\alpha$-amylase activity of earlier harvested seeds were lower compared to those of seeds harvested at the optimum time, while leakage of total sugars and electrolytes were higher. However, the later harvested seeds showed lower germination rates at $25^{\circ}C$ and emergence rates in cold test probably due to the lower $\alpha$-amylase activity although they showed increased seed weight and reduced leakage of total sugars and electrolytes. In contrast, the emergence rate of 'Ga209' and 'Ga209' $\times$ 'DB544' in cold test increased up to 10 weeks after silking probably due to the increased seed weight and $\alpha$-amylase activity and reduced sugar and electrolyte leakages during the germination. The cross-pollinated F$_1$ hybrid seeds showed higher germination and emergence rates at $25^{\circ}C$ and in cold test, and higher plumule growth and $\alpha$-amylase activity compared to those of sib-pollinated inbreds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1643-1650
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• 2017

Objective: The control of psychrotrophic bacteria causing milk spoilage and illness due to toxic compounds is an important issue in the dairy industry. In South Korea, Gangwon-do province is one of the coldest terrains in which eighty percent of the area is mountainous regions, and mainly plays an important role in the agriculture and dairy industries. The purposes of this study were to analyze the indigenous microbiota of raw milk in Gangwon-do and accurately investigate a putative microbial group causing deterioration in milk quality. Methods: We collected raw milk from the bulk tank of 18 dairy farms in the Hoengseong and Pyeongchang regions of Gangwon-do. Milk components were analyzed and the number of viable bacteria was confirmed. The V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced on an Illumina Miseq platform. Sequences were then assigned to operational taxonomic units, followed by the selection of representative sequences using the QIIME software package. Results: The milk samples from Pyeongchang were higher in fat, protein, lactose, total solid, and solid non-fat, and bacterial cell counts were observed only for the Hoengseong samples. The phylum Proteobacteria was detected most frequently in both the Hoengseong and Pyeongchang samples, followed by the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Notably, Corynebacterium, Pediococcus, Macrococcus, and Acinetobacter were significantly different from two regions. Conclusion: Although the predominant phylum in raw milk is same, the abundances of major genera in milk samples were different between Hoengseong and Pyeongchang. We assumed that these differences are caused by regional dissimilar farming environments such as soil, forage, and dairy farming equipment so that the quality of milk raw milk from Pyeongchang is higher than that of Hoengseong. These results could provide the crucial information for identifying the microbiota in raw milk of South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.246-256
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• 2012

This study intended to investigate the distribution of natural habitats, and the environmental factors, vegetation and soil analysis at 22 different sites of 9 regions in order to understand the environmental characteristics of $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ in Prov. Gangwon-do. Natural habitats are confirmed at 44 regions of 14 cities and counties except for Donghae-si, Sokcho-si, Gosung-gun and Yanggu-gun in Prov. Gangwon-do. Natural habitats were located at altitudes of 99-1,084 m with slope inclinations of $0-25^{\circ}$. A total of 215 vascular plant taxa are identified from 22 quadrates. Importance value for members of the herbaceous (H) layer were as follows: $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ 32.8%; $Meehania$ $urticifolia$ 7.5%; $Cardamine$ $leucantha$ 5.1%; $Scopolia$ $japonica$ 3.8%; $Corydalis$ $remota$ 3.3%. The importance value of the last four species are high, so they are at affinity with $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ in their habitats. Species diversity of investigated sites ranged 0.4870-0.9848, and that of evenness and dominance are 0.4525-0.7601 and 0.1335-0.4191, respectively. Cluster analysis based on importance value appeared the high relations with differences of dominance species. Field capacity of investigated sites ranged 4.29-38.45%, and the soil pH and organic matter were 4.61-5.98 and 2.44-20.21, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.383-397
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of the southeastern areas, including Donghae-si and Samcheok-si, of Gangwon-do. Vascular plants based on voucher specimens were summarized as 750 taxa, including 109 families, 394 genera, 642 species, 5 subspecies, 90 varieties, and 13 forms. Among the investigated 750 taxa, 17 Korean endemic, 38 rare plants and 147 specially designated plants by the Ministry of the Environment were also included. The naturalized plants were 28 taxa, and the percent of naturalized plant species was estimated as 3.7%. The life form of the investigated taxa was the H-R5-D4-e type. The usefulness of the plants of the 750 taxa listed consists of 284 taxa (37.9%) of edible plants, 232 taxa (30.9%) of medicinal plants, 124 taxa (16.5%) of pasture plants, 88 taxa (11.7%) of ornamental plants, 21 taxa (2.8%) of timber plants, 20 taxa (2.7%) of fiber plants, 7 taxa (0.9%) of miscellaneous plants and 3 taxa (0.4%) of industrial plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.621-630
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• 2011

This research examines the push and pull factors of temple stay in Korean national parks. 152 participants of temple stay in Woljeongsa and Guryongsa in national parks in Gangwon-do area completed a survey to access their reasons for participating in temple stay(push factors) and to evaluate how well the visiting experience performed on a selected set of attributes(push factors). Demographics of respondents were similar to the visitor characteristics of Korean national parks. The result of factor analysis identified 6 push factor domains of 'self actualization', 'health enhancement', 'nature assimilation', 'relationship elevation', 'religious experience', and 'leisure experience'. 6 pull factor domains were 'recuperative quality', 'quality of a temple stay program', 'attributes of a temple', 'user convenience', 'tourism experience' and 'accessibility and transportation'. Satisfaction level of temple stay in a national park was very high of 4.71 in a 5 Likert scale. Gangwon- Do was most preferred with the percentage of 89.2 as a suitable area for temple stay in a national park. Findings of multi-dimensional tourism motivations of temple stay in a national park that encompass nature tourism, cultural tourism and religious tourism is expected to provide useful information for the future development of a more competitive temple stay program and a marketing strategy. However, more defined successive research work is required to generalize findings of wellness oriented push and pull factors of temple stay based on nature in national parks.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2008

The composition of essential oil from the aerial part of Erigeron canadensis L. was analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-one constituents were identified from the essential oil: eighteen hydrocarbons (91.99% of the total oil), two acetates (2.92%), three alcohols (3.59%), four ethers (0.49%), one aldehyde (0.05%), and three ketone (0.23%). Major constituents of the essential oil were D,L-limonene (68.25% of the total oil) and delta-3-carene (15.9%). The $IC_{50}$ value of the essential oil was 0.027 ${\mu}g$ $mg^{-1}$ in MTT assay using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2021

This study investigated the phylogenetic classification and pathogenicity of 6 infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) strains isolated from salmonid fish in Gangwon-do, Korea. Based on the nucleotide sequence of mid-G region, all six strains belong to J genotype, of which 5 are J-Nagano type and 1 J-Shizuoka type. In a challenge test, 5 isolates of J-Nagano type IHNV showed a various mortalities as 2 isolates induced a high mortality of 100% and the other 3 isolates induced mortalities of 50, 30, and 20% after intraperitoneal injection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Meanwhile no mortality was occurred by 1 isolate of J-Shizuoka type virus. Thus, it seems that there might be no relation between genotype and pathogenicity within IHNV J genotypes. This is contrary to previous studies where reported a higher pathogenicity of J-Shizuoka type virus than J-Nagano type virus in rainbow trout. Further examination will be required to clarify this since only one J-Shizuoka type virus was analyzed in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2022

In the Yeongdong region of Gangwon-do, coastal areas are important resources in terms of cultural, social and economic aspects. However, the coast of Gangwon-do is experiencing severe erosion, and it is concerned that its adverse effects will gradually increase. In this study, coastline changes of Yangyang and Gangneung in Gangwon-do were tracked and analyzed over a long period of time. In order to build time series image data, aerial photos from the 1940s to the present were mainly used, and data from CORONA satellite, which operated from the 1960s to the early 1970s, were collected and used together. Using 51cm resolution ortho image and 2m resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM) as reference, ground control points were selected to perform geometric correction on the aerial photos and CORONA images. Subsequently, Canny edge detector applied to these images to extract the coastlines. As a result of analyzing the extracted and vectorized coastlines by overlaying them in chronological order, erosion and deposition occurring around the artificial structures and on the nearby beaches were observed. In this study, the effect of seasonal variation, tide, and various coastal management including the beach filling were not considered. Because coastal erosion is greatly affected by geographic factors, each local government must find its own solution. Continuous research and local data accumulation are required.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.451-468
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• 2022

Leading enterprises in contract farming are in control of agricultural production and influence the structure of the agricultural system in contract areas. This study focuses on the contract farming of potatoes for manufacturing chips, which uses a high proportion of domestic raw materials, and identifies the characteristics of contract farming between confectionery company 𐩒 and potato farms in Haean-myeon, Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do. This study also analyzes the impact of contract farming on local agriculture from the perspective of the industrialization of agriculture. The results of this study demonstrated that contracting companies ensured the quality of potatoes and smooth agricultural operations by first preferentially selecting farmhouses with land that is easy to work with and then supplying the necessary agricultural machinery to promote the intensification of their work. In addition, contracting companies influenced the centralization of the agriculture sector by selecting farmhouses capable of contracting over a certain scale and guaranteeing them sales channels and the specialization of potato farming in contract areas, mainly through the supply of processing varieties and the spread of cultivation technology. The results confirmed that these three dimensions of contract farming promoted the industrialization of local agriculture.