• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.165-168
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• 2008

The experimental results of exposing IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) samples to gamma radiation source show shifting of threshold voltages in the MOSFET and degradation of carrier mobility and current gains. At low total dose rate, the shift of threshold voltage is the major contribution of current increases, but for more than some total dose, the current is increased because of the current gain degradation occurred in the vertical PNP at the output of the IGBTs. In the paper, the collector current characteristics as a function of gate emitter voltage (VGE) curves are tested and analyzed with the model considering the radiation damage on the devices for gate bias and different dose. In addition, the model parameters between simulations and experiments are found and studied.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.464-467
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• 2010

In this letter, we analyze the error performance of a mobile communication system with microdiversity and macrodiversity reception in gamma-shadowed Rician fading channels for a binary differential phase-shift keying modulation scheme. Analytical expressions for the probability density function (PDF) and moment-generating function (MGF) are derived. The average bit error probability can be calculated by averaging the conditional bit error probability over the PDF or using the MGF-based approach. Numerical results are graphically presented to show the effects of macrodiversity, correlation, number of diversity branches, and severity of both fading and shadowing.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1461-1471
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• 2021

This paper presents a light exposure correction algorithm for less pleasant images, acquired with a light metering failure. Since conventional tone mapping and gamma correction methods adopt a function mapping with the same range of input and output, the results are pleasurable for almost symmetric distributions to their intensity average. However, their corrections gave insufficient outputs for asymmetric cases at either bright or dark regions. Also, histogram modification approaches show good results on varied pattern images, but these generate unintentional noises at flat regions because of the compulsive shift of the intensity distribution. Therefore, in order to sufficient corrections for both bright and dark areas, the proposed algorithm calculates the gamma coefficients using primary parameters extracted from the global distribution. And the fusion weights are adaptively determined with complementary parameters, considering the classification information of a binary segmentation. As the result, the proposed algorithm can obtain a good output about both the symmetric and the asymmetric distribution images even with severe exposure values.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.937-939
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 배열형 센서로 제작된 광섬유 브래그 격자(FBG)의 감마방사선 영향을 분석하였다. 배열형 FBG는 동일한 상용 광섬유를 이용하여 서로다른 브래그 파장으로 제작되었다. 제작된 FBG는 $Co^{60}$ 감마선원을 이용하여 약 113 Gy/min의 선량률로 총선량 약 100 kGy 감마선에 노출되었으며 방사선 조사 후 FBG 센서의 브래그 파장 변화, 온도감도 변화를 측정하여 방사선 영향을 분석하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1239-1244
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• 2000

A study of K addition to the catalyst of CoMo/ ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ was studied. The catalyst with 10 at% of K to Mo atoms in 3C10M, the catalyst added 3 wt% CoO to 10 wt% $MoO_3/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$, showed the highest activity for water gas shift reaction. The addition of K retarded the reducibility of cobalt-molybdenum catalysts. It gave, however, good dispersion and large BET surface area to the catalysts which were attributed to the disappearance of polymolybdate clustyer such as $Mo_7O_{24}^{6-}$ and the formation of small Mo$O_4^{2-}$ cluster. It was confirmed by the analyses of pore size distribution, activation energy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron diffraction. The activation energies and the frequency factors of the catalysts 3C10M and 5KC10M (the catalyst added 5 at% K for Mo to the catalyst 3C10M) were 43.1 and 47.8 kJ/mole, and 4,297 and 13,505 $sec^{-1}$, respectively. These values were also well correlated with our suggestion. These phenomena were attributed to the direct interaction between K and CoMo oxides irrelevant to the support.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

The knowledge on the etiology of breast cancer has advanced substantially in recent years, and several etiological factors are now firmly established. However, very few new discoveries have been made in relation to occupational risk factors. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has evaluated over 900 different exposures or agents to-date to determine whether they are carcinogenic to humans. These evaluations are published as a series of Monographs (www.iarc.fr). For breast cancer the following substances have been classified as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1): alcoholic beverages, exposure to diethylstilbestrol, estrogen-progestogen contraceptives, estrogen-progestogen hormone replacement therapy and exposure to X-radiation and gamma-radiation (in special populations such as atomic bomb survivors, medical patients, and in-utero exposure). Ethylene oxide is also classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, although the evidence for carcinogenicity in epidemiologic studies, and specifically for the human breast, is limited. The classification "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A) includes estrogen hormone replacement therapy, tobacco smoking, and shift work involving circadian disruption, including work as a flight attendant. If the association between shift work and breast cancer, the most common female cancer, is confirmed, shift work could become the leading cause of occupational cancer in women.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.538-544
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• 1989

1-(phenoxymethyl)benzotriazole(1)과 1-(thiophenoxymethyl)benzotriazole(2) 유도체중의 X 치환기가 전자를 끄는 세기(${\rho}<0$)와 methylene group의 인접 Y원자에 의한 local diamagnetic effect(Y=O(1)>S(2)), 그리고 용매의 극성파라미터($E_T$=Kcal/mol:acetone;42.2>chloroform;39.0)가 클수록 methylene group의 수소원자($H_m$)와 용매사이에 B-형의 수소결합성이 증가되었으며 (1)의 methylene group 에 대한 substituent chemical shift($CH_2-SCS$)에 미치는 자유 에너지 직선관계(LFER)의 조성은 아세톤 용액 중에서 장(F)(또는 유발(I))-효과 보다 공명(R)-효과가 더 크게 나타나는 용매 의존적인 경향이었다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2016

The focus in this paper is on obtaining tight, simple algebraic-form bounds and invertible expressions for the average symbol error probability (ASEP) of M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) in a class of composite fading channels. We employ the mixture gamma (MG) distribution to approximate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distributions of fading models, which include Nakagami-m, Generalized-K ($K_G$), and Nakagami-lognormal fading as specific examples. Our approach involves using the tight upper and lower bounds that we recently derived on the Gaussian Q-function, which can easily be averaged over the general MG distribution. First, algebraic-form upper bounds are derived on the ASEP of MPSK for M > 2, based on the union upper bound on the symbol error probability (SEP) of MPSK in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) given by a single Gaussian Q-function. By comparison with the exact ASEP results obtained by numerical integration, we show that these upper bounds are extremely tight for all SNR values of practical interest. These bounds can be employed as accurate approximations that are invertible for high SNR. For the special case of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) (M = 2), where the exact SEP in the AWGN channel is given as one Gaussian Q-function, upper and lower bounds on the exact ASEP are obtained. The bounds can be made arbitrarily tight by adjusting the parameters in our Gaussian bounds. The average of the upper and lower bounds gives a very accurate approximation of the exact ASEP. Moreover, the arbitrarily accurate approximations for all three of the fading models we consider become invertible for reasonably high SNR.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2310-2316
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 격자 공정 중에 KrF 엑시머 UV 레이저 노출시간에 따른 광섬유 브래그 격자의 $Co^{60}$ 감마방사선 영향을 연구하였다. 광섬유 브래그 격자는 게르마늄이 첨가된 일반 광섬유를 이용하였으며, UV KrF 엑시머 레이저 노출시간(30, 60, 90, 120초)을 달리하여 제작하였다. 제작된 광섬유 브래그 격자에 106 Gy/min 선량률로 총 선량 34.3 kGy 감마선을 조사한 후 방사선에 의한 온도감도 계수와 브래그 파장 변화를 분석하였다. 실험결과를 통하여, 격자 공정을 위한 UV 레이저 노출시간이 광섬유 브래그 격자의 방사선 민감도에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 레이저 노출조건 변화에 따른 방사선에 의한 광섬유 브래그 파장의 변화는 최대 50 % 이상의 차이를 보였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2007

Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members are negative feedback regulators of the Jak/Stat pathway, which is an essential inflammatory signaling pathway. We investigated expression of eight members of the SOCS family in rat astrocytes, using two inflammatory stimulants, PMA and IFN-${\gamma}$. Only a few SOCS genes were induced by both stimulants, and we detected an increase in SOCS5 protein with PMA. PMA activated the Jnk, Erk, p38, and Jak/Stat signal pathways. In addition, it increased the level of activated-Stat3 resulting from tyrosine phosphorylation. A gel-shift assay showed that a protein in nuclear extracts from PMA-treated cells was able to bind to Stat binding elements. These results suggest that activated Stat3 binds to SOCS promoters and leads to their transcriptional induction.