• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2010

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and its related characteristics among healthy adults in some Korean rural areas. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the data from 1352 adults who were over the age 40 and under the age 70 and who were free of diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases and other diseases and who participated in a survey conducted as part of the Korean Rural Genomic Cohort Study. IFG was defined as a serum fasting glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dL. Results: The prevalence of IFG was 20.4% in men, 15.5% in women and 12.7% overall. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the independent risk factors for IFG were male gender, having a family history of DM, the quartiles of gamma glutamyltransferase and high sensitive C-reactive protein and the waist circumference. The homeostatis model assessment for insulin resistance was very strongly associated with IFG. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and MS components was higher in the subjects with IFG then in those with normal fasting glucose (NFG). Conclusions: The result of study could supply evidence to find the high risk population and to determine a strategy for treating IFG. Further research is needed to explain the causal relationship and mechanisms of IFG.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2004

An extensive study of the vegetation characteristics of the Hamersley Ranges, a mountainous desert area of north-west Australia, facilitated the comparison of plant species diversity measures with mountainous deserts of other parts of the world. Alpha diversity was defined as the number of species co-existing at local scales and was found to average 18 species per 0.1 ha for the Hamersley Ranges. This was found to be similar to seven other mountainous deserts in North and South America, and southern Africa. Variation in alpha diversity between these deserts was found to considerably lower than within deserts, suggesting that local processes control species richness at local scales. Beta diversity, defined here as turnover in species composition at various spatial scales, can be measured in many ways. For the Hamersley Ranges, Wilson's β ranged from 1.2 to 1.6 for five sites along a topographic gradient, whereas Whittaker's β between different plant communities was found to average 0.93. Comparable data was not found for other desert areas, but comparisons to non-desert areas suggest beta diversity within landscapes is relatively high and is likely to reflect the considerable landform heterogeneity of the Hamersley Ranges. 55∼70% of species were shared between different landscapes of the Hamersley Ranges; comparisons to other regions suggest beta diversity at this scale is relatively low. Gamma diversity, the number of species over large spatial extents, was successfully compared using regression analysis of the log-log species - area relationship. This revealed that the northern Sonoran desert has significantly less species than the Nama (inland) Karoo and Hamersley Ranges over medium spatial extents, but species numbers were similar at a regional scale. Several constraints to the valid comparison of species diversity were identified, including lack of standardisation of sampling techniques, the wide range of measures employed, general lack of published data, and the influence of the various components of spatial scale on most diversity measures. Recommendations on how to improve future comparative work are provided.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.151-154
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• 1987

Total 114 patients were studied prospectively with radioiodine uptake (RAIU) and $^{99m}TcO_4^-$ thyroid scan to design a very simple, rapid and inexpensive method measuring the thyroid uptake on thyroid scan. After the RAIU was obtained at 24 hours after P.O. of $^{131}I$, Thyroid scan was performed at 20 minutes after LV. of $^{99m}TcO_4^-$ and the bilateral salivary glands were included in the scan field. Pinhole collimated and computer assisted gamma camera was used. Three regions of interest were set on each salivary gland and on the thyroid by automatic edge detection method. Mean counts per pixel were calculated for each ROI and the salivary-thyroid ratio (STR) was defined as; $$STR(%)=\frac{Mean\;counts\;per\;pixel\;of\;salivary\;glands\;(KC)}{Mean\;counts\;per\;pixel\;of\;thyroid\;gland\;(KC)}\times100$$ 114 cases consisted of 41 normal, 55 hyperthyroid and 18 hypothyroid patients and correlation between the STR and the RAID were evaluated in total and each group. The STR and the RAID showed reverse linear regression in 114 cases (r= -0.8, P=0) and closer correlation was shown in hyperthyroid group (r= -0_9, p=0). Mean STR in normal group was 47.6%. In predicting the RAID by STR, sensitivity and specificity were 88.3% and 64.9% in 114 cases and 95.3% and 83.3% in hyperthyroid group. It is recommended that the STR be used in place of the RAID giving same information at saving time, money and radiation exposure.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2008

Objective: Delayed ischemic deficit or cerebral infarction is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study is to reassess the prognostic impact of intraoperative elements, including factors related to surgery and anesthesia, on the development of cerebral infarction in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Methods: Variables related to surgery and anesthesia as well as predetermined factors were all evaluated via a retrospective study on 398 consecutive patients who underwent early microsurgery for ruptured cerebral aneurysms in the last 7 years. Patients were dichotomized as following; good clinical grade (Hunt-Hess grade I to III) and poor clinical grade (IV and V). The end-point events were cerebral infarctions and the clinical outcomes were measured at postoperative 6 months. Results: The occurrence of cerebral infarction was eminent when there was an intraoperative rupture, prolonged temporary clipping and retraction time, intraoperative hypotension, or decreased $O_2$ saturation, but there was no statistical significance between the two different clinical groups. Besides the Fisher Grade, multiple logistic regression analyses showed that temporary clipping time, hypotension, and low $O_2$ saturation had odds ratios of 1.574, 3.016, and 1.528, respectively. Cerebral infarction and outcome had a meaningful correlation (${\gamma}$=0.147, p=0.038). Conclusion: This study results indicate that early surgery for poor grade SAH patients carries a significant risk of ongoing ischemic complication due to the brain's vulnerability or accompanying cardio-pulmonary dysfunction. Thus, these patients should be approached very cautiously to overcome any anticipated intraoperative threat by concerted efforts with neuro-anesthesiologist in point to point manner.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.491-502
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the upper and lower control limits of treatment planning parameters using EBT film based delivery quality assurance (DQA) results and to analyze the results of statistical process control (SPC) in helical tomotherapy (HT). A total of 152 patients who passed or failed DQA results were retrospectively included in this study. Prostate (n = 66), rectal (n = 51), and large-field cancer patients, including lymph nodes (n = 35), were randomly selected. The absolute point dose difference (DD) and global gamma passing rate (GPR) were analyzed for all patients. Control charts were used to evaluate the upper and lower control limits (UCL and LCL) for all the assessed treatment planning parameters. Treatment planning parameters such as gantry period, leaf open time (LOT), pitch, field width, actual and planning modulation factor, treatment time, couch speed, and couch travel were analyzed to provide the optimal range using the DQA results. The classification and regression tree (CART) was used to predict the relative importance of variables in the DQA results from various treatment planning parameters. We confirmed that the proportion of patients with an LOT below 100 ms in the failure group was relatively higher than that in the passing group. SPC can detect QA failure prior to over dosimetric QA tolerance levels. The acceptable tolerance range of each planning parameter may assist in the prediction of DQA failures using the SPC tool in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.425-440
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• 2023

Background: Muscimol's quick onset and GABAergic properties make it a promising candidate for the treatment of pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies aimed at summarizing the evidence regarding the efficacy of muscimol administration in the amelioration of nerve injury-related neuropathic pain. Methods: Two independent researchers performed the screening process in Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science extracting data were extracted into a checklist designed according to the PRISMA guideline. A standardized mean difference (SMD [95% confidence interval]) was calculated for each. To assess the heterogeneity between studies, ² and chi-square tests were utilized. In the case of heterogeneity, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the potential source. Results: Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Pooled data analysis showed that the administration of muscimol during the peak effect causes a significant reduction in mechanical allodynia (SMD = 1.78 [1.45-2.11]; P < 0.0001; I² = 72.70%), mechanical hyperalgesia (SMD = 1.62 [1.28-1.96]; P < 0.0001; I² = 40.66%), and thermal hyperalgesia (SMD = 2.59 [1.79-3.39]; P < 0.0001; I² = 80.33%). This significant amendment of pain was observed at a declining rate from 15 minutes to at least 180 minutes post-treatment in mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia, and up to 30 minutes in thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0 .0001). Conclusions: Muscimol is effective in the amelioration of mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermal hyperalgesia, exerting its analgesic effects 15 minutes after administration for up to at least 3 hours.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1994

태백 탄전 지대에서 산출되는 비정질 철 수산화물 (AIO)에 대한 회귀 원소 흡착 반응의 총체적 평형 상수 $K_{ad,app}$를 계산하기 위해 시간-흡착 실험 및 pH-흡착 실험을 실시하였다. 이와 같은 두 실험 결과에 의하면, Pb을 제외한 모든 원소의 흡착 반응이 평형에 도달하여 계산된 $K_{ad,app}$값이 실제의 값일 가능성이 높음을 알 수 있다. 희귀 원소와AIO간의 흡착 반응에 대한 $K_{ad,app}$와 수소 이온의 반응 계수 x는 pH-흡착 실험 결과로부터 얻어진 log($\Gamma$/ ［ $M^{2＋}$］$_{aq}$ )와 pH에 대한 선형 희귀 식의 절편과 기울기로부터 계산되었다. 이 연구에서 계산된 $K_{ad,app}$는 $10^{－4.5}$에서 $10^{2.75}$ 범위의 값을 갖는데, 이는 다른 연구자들에 의한 단순 조성계에 대한 실험 결과와 많은 차이를 보인다. 이 연구에 의한 $K_{ad,app}$는 자연계의 다른 환경에서 평가된 것과 어느 정도 비슷한 값을 보이지만 정확히 일치하지는 않는다 이러한 사실은 연구 지역의 수계에서 $K_{ad,app}$가 독특한 그만의 값을 갖는 것을 나타내므로, 흡착 모델링 전에 반드시 연구 지역의 수계에 맞는 정확한 $K_{ad,app}$값이 평가되어야 함을 의미한다. 이 연구에 의한 x는 -0.3 내지 0.7의 값을 갖는데, 이 또한 일반적으로 지구화학자들 사이에서 받아들여지는 값과는 상당히 다른 것이다. 이러한 x값의 차이는 아마도 흡착 자리에 대한 다른 이온종간의 경쟁 또는 종류가 다른 여러 흡착 반응의 동시 진행에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 이 연구의 결과는 태백 지역에서의 탄광 폐수에 오염된 수계 내에서의 적절한 흡착 모델을 세우는데 도움을 줄 것이다. 이렇게 세워진 흡착 모델을 이용하여 수계 내에서의 흡착에 따른 금속 원소 함량 변화를 기술할 수 있을 것이며, 이는 태백 탄전 지역에서의 광산 폐수가 수질에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구에 중요한 부분이 될 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.611-620
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• 1997

연구배경 : 결핵성 흉막염의 감별 진단 목적으로 널리 이용되고 있는 검사는 adenosine deaminase와 INF-$\gamma$를 세포성 면역에 또다른 중요한 매개체로 알려진 TNF-$\alpha$의 진단적 의의를 조사하고, 현재 임상에서 유용한 지표로 사용되고 있는 adenosine deaminase와의 감별력을 비교하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 삼출성 흉막염 80예(결핵성 : 39예, 암성 : 31예, 부폐렴흉막염 : 10예)를 대상으로 흉수의 기본적인 세포조성, 화학 검사와 더불어 ADA와 TNF-$\alpha$(Medgenix IRMA kit)를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 흉수내 ADA농도는 결핵성 흉막염에서 $48.7{\pm}32.7U/L$로 비결핵성 흉막염 $26.0{\pm}41.3U/L$에 비해 유의한 차이로 높았고(p < 0.05), TNF-$\alpha$치 또한 결핵성 흉막염에서 $184.1{\pm}214.2pg/mL$로 비결핵성 흉막삼출액 $44.1{\pm}114.2pg/mL$에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p < 0.01). ROC 곡선을 이용하여 ADA와 TNF-$\alpha$의 감별력을 가장 높일 수 있는 기준치를 정하였을 때, ADA는 30U/ml, TNF-$\alpha$는 15pg/ml로 측정되었고, 각각의 기준치를 이용하여 감수성과 특이도를 구하였을때, ADA는 감수성 66.7%, 특이도 85.0%, TNF-$\alpha$는 감수성 69.2% 특이도 87.1%를 보였다. 두 검사의 민감도와 특이도를 비교하기 위한 ROC 곡선에서, ROC 곡선아래의 면적(area under curve)은 ADA와 TNF-$\alpha$사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다(ADA 0.83, TNF-$\alpha$ 0.82). 다중회귀분석(multiple stepwise regression)에서 ADA가 가장 유용한 지표로 계산되었으나 TNF-$\alpha$의 추가가 분별력에 더 이상의 기여함은 없었다. 결 론 : 결핵성 흉막염과 비결핵성 흉막염을 감별 진단하는데 ADA와 함께 TNF-$\alpha$도 유용한 지표로 이용될 수 있으나 두가지 검사를 함께 시행함에 따른 진단에 있어서의 잇점은 없었다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.133-149
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• 2022

벼 수량 추정에 대한 기존의 국내 연구는 주로 저해상도인 MODIS 위성영상을 사용하여 우리나라 전역을 대상으로 시군 단위에서 수행되었다. 기존 연구와 달리, 본 연구는 전북 김제시를 사례로 중해상도인 Sentinel-2 위성영상과 강우 및 토양자료를 활용하여 읍면동 단위에서 벼 수량을 추정하고 그 정확성을 평가하였다. 전북 김제시를 대상으로 2018년 8월 1일에 촬영된 Sentinel-2 영상으로부터 산출된 NDVI, LAI, EVI2, MCARI1, MCARI2의 다섯 가지 식생지수와 강우량 및 논 토양 유형 자료를 읍면동별로 집계하고 종속변수의 비정규성 문제를 해결하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 확장한 감마 일반화 선형모형으로 벼 수량을 추정하였다. 벼 수량 추정 모형에서 EVI2, 9월 강우일수, 염해답 비율이 유의한 독립변수로 선정되었다. 모형의 적합도를 나타내는 결정계수는 0.68이었고, 모형의 정확성을 나타내는 RMSE는 62.29kg/10a였다. 이 모형으로 2018년 김제시 전역의 쌀 생산량을 추정한 결과는 96,914.6M/T으로 통계연보의 94,470.3M/T과 비교해 0.46%의 오차를 보여 매우 근접한 결과가 도출되었다. 또한, 김제시의 단위면적당 쌀 생산량은 552kg/10a로 도출되어 통계자료의 550kg/10a와 거의 일치하였다. 이러한 결과는 기존 연구들과 유사한 결과로 국내에서 시군 이하 단위에서 Sentinel-2 위성영상을 활용하여 벼 수량을 추정하는 것이 가능하다는 것을 입증하였다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1976

각종 고치의 견층부위별 fibroin 효소분해율의 차이 및 견사물성과의 관계를 구명코자 시험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 각종 고치의 견층부위별 fibroin 효소분해율은 외층에서 내층으로 갈수록 높았다. 2. 이상용견의 견층부위별 fibroin 분해율은 정상견에 비하여 높았으며 옥견＞박피견＞사용견＞정견 순위를 보이었다. 3. 원종인 잠111과 잠112의 fibroin 분해율 및 sericin 함유량은 교유종인 잠 111$\times$잠112보다 높았다. 4. 인공사료육잠견의 견층부위별 fibroin의 분해율은 외층보다 내층으로 갈수록 증가되었으며 sericin 함양은 외층에서 내층으로 갈수록 감소되었으나 최내층에서 약간 증가되는 경향을 보이었다. 5. 견층부위별 연편사의 절단강력은 외층에서 내층으로 갈수록 감소되는 경향이었고 이상용견의 절단강역은 정견에 비하여 저하되었다. 6. 견층부위별 fibroin 분해율과 견사의 절단강력과는 부의 상관(${\gamma}$=－0.8)이 인정되고 그 회귀방정식은 y= －0.29x＋5.07 이었다.