Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회지)

The Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회)
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Rice Yield Estimation Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery, Rainfall and Soil Data

Sentinel-2 위성영상과 강우 및 토양자료를 활용한 벼 수량 추정

  • 김경섭 ((주)지오씨엔아이 공간정보기술연구소) ;
  • 정윤재 ((주)지오씨엔아이 공간정보기술연구소) ;
  • 전병운 (경북대학교 지리학과)
  • Received : 2022.03.08
  • Accepted : 2022.03.22
  • Published : 2022.03.31
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Abstract

Existing domestic studies on estimating rice yield were mainly implemented at the level of cities and counties in the entire nation using MODIS satellite images with low spatial resolution. Unlike previous studies, this study tried to estimate rice yield at the level of eup-myon-dong in Gimje-si, Jeollabuk-do using Sentinel-2 satellite images with medium spatial resolution, rainfall and soil data, and then to evaluate its accuracy. Five vegetation indices such as NDVI, LAI, EVI2, MCARI1 and MCARI2 derived from Sentinel-2 images of August 1, 2018 for Gimje-si, Jeollabuk-do, rainfall and paddy soil-type data were aggregated by the level of eup-myon-dong and then rice yield was estimated with gamma generalized linear model, an expanded variant of multi-variate regression analysis to solve the non-normality problem of dependent variable. In the rice yield model finally developed, EVI2, rainfall days in September, and saline soils ratio were used as significant independent variables. The coefficient of determination representing the model fit was 0.68 and the RMSE for showing the model accuracy was 62.29kg/10a. This model estimated the total rice production in Gimje-si in 2018 to be 96,914.6M/T, which was very close to 94,470.3M/T the actual amount specified in the Statistical Yearbook with an error of 0.46%. Also, the rice production per unit area of Gimje-si was amounted to 552kg/10a, which was almost consistent with 550kg/10a of the statistical data. This result is similar to that of the previous studies and it demonstrated that the rice yield can be estimated using Sentinel-2 satellite images at the level of cities and counties or smaller districts in Korea.

벼 수량 추정에 대한 기존의 국내 연구는 주로 저해상도인 MODIS 위성영상을 사용하여 우리나라 전역을 대상으로 시군 단위에서 수행되었다. 기존 연구와 달리, 본 연구는 전북 김제시를 사례로 중해상도인 Sentinel-2 위성영상과 강우 및 토양자료를 활용하여 읍면동 단위에서 벼 수량을 추정하고 그 정확성을 평가하였다. 전북 김제시를 대상으로 2018년 8월 1일에 촬영된 Sentinel-2 영상으로부터 산출된 NDVI, LAI, EVI2, MCARI1, MCARI2의 다섯 가지 식생지수와 강우량 및 논 토양 유형 자료를 읍면동별로 집계하고 종속변수의 비정규성 문제를 해결하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 확장한 감마 일반화 선형모형으로 벼 수량을 추정하였다. 벼 수량 추정 모형에서 EVI2, 9월 강우일수, 염해답 비율이 유의한 독립변수로 선정되었다. 모형의 적합도를 나타내는 결정계수는 0.68이었고, 모형의 정확성을 나타내는 RMSE는 62.29kg/10a였다. 이 모형으로 2018년 김제시 전역의 쌀 생산량을 추정한 결과는 96,914.6M/T으로 통계연보의 94,470.3M/T과 비교해 0.46%의 오차를 보여 매우 근접한 결과가 도출되었다. 또한, 김제시의 단위면적당 쌀 생산량은 552kg/10a로 도출되어 통계자료의 550kg/10a와 거의 일치하였다. 이러한 결과는 기존 연구들과 유사한 결과로 국내에서 시군 이하 단위에서 Sentinel-2 위성영상을 활용하여 벼 수량을 추정하는 것이 가능하다는 것을 입증하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 주저자의 석사학위논문의 일부를 수정·보완한 것이며, 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제번호: PJ0162342022)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.

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