• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2017

Austenitic stainless steels have been widely used for various systems of nuclear power plants. Among these stainless steels, small pipes with diameter less than 14 inch have been produced in the form of seamless pipe. Annealing and cooling process during the manufacturing process can affect corrosion properties of seamless stainless steels. Therefore, 12 inch-diameter of as-received 304L stainless steel pipe was annealed and aged in this study. Intergranular corrosion resistance was evaluated by ASTM A262 Practice A, C, and E methods. The degree of sensitization was determined using a DL-EPR test. U-bend method in an autoclave was used to evaluate the SCC resistance in 0.01 M $Na_2S_4O_6$ or 40% NaOH solution at $340^{\circ}C$. As-received specimen showed relatively high degree of sensitization and intergranular corrosion rate. Carbon segregation was also observed near grain boundaries. Annealing treatment could give the dissolution of segregated carbon into the matrix. Aging treatment could induce segregation of carbon and finally form carbides. Microstructural analysis confirmed that high intergranular corrosion rate of the as-received seamless pipe was due to micro-galvanic corrosion between carbon segregation and grains.

• 감성과학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 개인 맞춤형 감성인식이 가능한 실시간 개인화 프로세스를 개발하였다. 설계된 개인화 프로세스는 실시간 생체신호 중립밴드 알고리즘과 사용자의 주관적인 감성응답을 실시간으로 입력받아 개인 감성룰베이스를 업데이트하는 과정을 포함한다. 실시간 감성인식을 위해 PPG(Photoplethysmography), GSR(Galvanic skin reflex), SKT(Skin Temperature)를 자율신경계 신호를 측정하고 사용하였다. 개인화 프로세스를 적용한 감성인식과 적용하지 않은 감성인식의 일치도 평가는 대학생 10명(남 5명, 여 5명, 22.1세${\pm}$2.2세)의 피실험자를 대상으로 실시하였다. 45장의 이미지를 무작위로 제시하였으며, 5회 반복 측정하였다. 개인화 프로세스를 적용시켰을 때 약 71.67%의 일치도를 보였으며, 적용시키지 않았을 때보다 약 5배 이상 높은 일치도의 차이를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 개인화 프로세스가 실시간 개인 맞춤 감성인식에 매우 유용함을 보였다. 추후 개인화 프로세스는 다양한 감성 애플리케이션이나 서비스에서 감성인식 만족도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.369-369
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• 2012

The present work deals with selective deposition of copper on fluoropolymers patterned silicon (111) surfaces. The pattern of fluoropolymer was fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and plasma reactive ion etching (RIE) was used to remove the residuals layers. Copper was electrochemically deposited in bare Si regions which were not covered with fluoropolymers. The patterns of fluoropolymers and copper have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this work, we used two deposition methods. One is galvanic displacement method and another is electrodeposition. Selective deposition works in both cases and it shows applicability to other materials. By optimization of the deposition conditions can be achieved therefore this process represents a simple approach for a direct high resolution patterning of silicon surfaces.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권9호
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• pp.1294-1299
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• 2014

The emotion is deeply affected by human behavior and cognitive process, so it is important to do research about the emotion. However, the emotion is ambiguous to clarify because of different ways of life pattern depending on each individual characteristics. To solve this problem, we use not only physiological signal for objective analysis but also hybrid unsupervised-supervised learning classifier for automatic emotion detection. The hybrid emotion classifier is composed of K-means, genetic algorithm and support vector machine. We acquire four different kinds of physiological signal including electroencephalography(EEG), electrocardiography(ECG), galvanic skin response(GSR) and skin temperature(SKT) as well as we use 15 features extracted to be used for hybrid emotion classifier. As a result, hybrid emotion classifier(80.6%) shows better performance than SVM(31.3%).

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2010

Technical issues of steel industry change along with other industrial progresses. Traditionally, steel protection from corrosion environment was the major issue and galvanic metal coatings were mainly used to extend the lifetime of steel products. Nowadays, requirements for steel have become more diversified. More various surface and material properties are required from different field of applications. Naturally, functional surface coating has become one of the most studied areas in steel industry. For functional surface coating, various process technologies and coating products are investigated. In this article, recent trends of functional coating technologies and products are introduced with brief technical descriptions of representative coating products.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a corrosion inhibitor on the pitting corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys used in electric vehicle battery cooling systems within a mixture of ethylene glycol and water (EG-W) coolant. Potentiodynamic polarization testing revealed unstable passive film formation on the aluminum alloys in the absence of SDBS. However, the addition of SDBS resulted in a robust passive film, enhancing the pitting corrosion resistance across all examined alloys. Pitting corrosion was predominantly observed near intermetallic compounds in the presence of Cl? ions, which was attributed to galvanic interactions. Among tested alloys, A1040 demonstrated superior resistance due to its lower areal fraction of precipitates and donor density. The incorporation of SDBS inhibitors mitigated the overall pitting corrosion process by hindering Cl? ion penetration. These findings suggest that SDBS can significantly improve pitting corrosion resistance in aluminum alloys employed in battery coolant environments.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2016

The effects of the Zn content on the microstructure and corrosion behavior in 1M NaCl solution were investigated in Mg-(0~6)%Zn casting alloys. The MgZn phase was scarcely observed in the Mg-1%Zn alloy, while the Mg-(2~6)%Zn alloy consisted of ${\alpha}$-(Mg) and MgZn phases. With an increase in the Zn content, the amount of the MgZn phase was gradually increased. Immersion and electrochemical corrosion tests indicated that the Mg-1%Zn alloy had the lowest corrosion rate among the alloys, and a further increase in the Zn content resulted in the deterioration of the corrosion resistance. Microstructural examinations of the corroded surfaces and EIS analyses of surface corrosion films revealed that the best corrosion resistance at 1%Zn was associated with the absence of MgZn phase particles in the microstructure and the contribution of Zn element to the formation of a protective film on the surface. A micro-galvanic effect by the MgZn particles led to the increased rate of corrosion at a higher Zn content.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2011

We report a simple route for synthesizing multi-dimensional structured silicon anode materials from commercially available bulk silicon powders via metal-assisted chemical etching process. In the first step, silver catalyst was deposited onto the surface of bulk silicon via a galvanic displacement reaction. Next, the silver-decorated silicon particles were chemically etched in a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen peroxide to make multi-dimensional silicon consisting of one-dimensional silicon nanowires and micro-scale silicon cores. As-synthesized silicon particles were coated with a carbon via thermal decomposition of acetylene gas. The carbon-coated multi-dimensional silicon anodes exhibited excellent electrochemical properties, including a high specific capacity (1800 mAh/g), a stable cycling retention (cycling retention of 89% after 20 cycles), and a high rate capability (71% at 3 C rate, compared to 0.1 C rate). This process is a simple and mass-productive (yield of 40-50%), thus opens up an effective route to make a high-performance silicon anode materials for lithiumion batteries.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2016

Joining Al/Fe dissimilar metals is becoming a subject of special interest in the assembly of automotive parts as a trade-off between the weight lightening and the cost reduction. Although various studies have been introduced to join Al alloy with the steel sheet by fusion welding, weak joint strength and galvanic corrosion still remained as problems to be solved. As a solid state welding, friction stir welding has been preferred to fusion welding processes in the dissimilar metal joints. This study investigated friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of Al alloy to the thin steel sheet with a thickness of 0.65 mm. The conventional FSSW is a stationary spot welding process but new approach adopted an additional circumferential movement in company with high speed tool rotation. A full factorial experimental design was implemented, and the main and interaction effects of parameters were analysed on the failure load in the tensile shear test. The direction and radius of rotation were statistically significant parameters and these two parameters affected the joint width and the shape of the hook.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.747-750
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• 2007

본 연구는 부식을 방지하기 위해서는 metal line식각 후 염소 잔유물 과 plasma charge up을 식각 조건, PR strip조건 및 후속 세정 조건을 최적화함으로써 제거해야 한다고 제안 하였다. Metal line에 다량 분포하는 charge up은 후속 세정의 적정 PH와 만났을 때, 하부 tungsten plug의 부식을 유발 하게 된다. Metal line식각 및 PR strip후 세정에 있어 약액의 종류는 부식에 결정적인 영향을 미친다. Galvanic corrosion을 최소화하기 위한 적정 PH, metal attack을 최소화 할 수 있는 chemistry선택, 높은 식각 부산물 제거 효율의 약액, 최적의 $H_2O$처리 조건 등이 metal부식방지에 있어 결정적인 요소임을 확인하였다.