• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Phytochemical investigation of the twigs of Corylopsis coreana afforded 10 phenolic compounds, bergenin (1), 6'-O-galloylbergenin (2), 3'-O-galloylbergenin (3), (-)-catechin (4), (-)-epicatechin (5), (-)-epicatechin-3-O-galloyl ester (6), 4-methoxy-3,-5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (7), gallic acid (8), 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-${\beta}-\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (9), and 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-${\beta}-\small{D}$-(6-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (10). Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic data and identified by comparing these data with those in the literatures. The compounds 3, 9 and 10 were isolated for the first time from this source. All the isolates (1-10) were tested for their cytotoxic activity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15 cell lines in vitro using the SRB bioassay. The compounds 5, 7 and 8 exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against SK-MEL-2 cell line.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.17-23
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• 1998

Inner nutshell of Castanea mollisima BL (chestnut) has been used as an anti-aging and anti-wrinkle agent from the ancient time in east Asia. In order to develop new anti-aging and anti-wrinkle, ethanolic extract of inner nutshell of Castanea mollisima BL (Cor-285) was prepared and various biological activities were evaluated. Cor-285 showed potent antioxidant activity, Especially, Cor-285 possessed potent free radical scavenging activity in vitro (IC50:7.6 g/ml) compared to gallic acid (IC50:12.5 g/ml), Cor-285 showed the preventive effect against UV-induced cytotoxicity of fibroblast at concentration of 25-250 g/ml. When Cor-285 was evaluated for its anti-allergic activity, it effectively inhibited histamine release from mast cells induced by compound 48/80 (86% inhibition at 10 mg/ml). The inhibitory activity was stronger than that of glycyrrhiznate. Cor-285 also showed in vivo inhibition against delayed hypersensitivity as well as croton-oil induced ear edema in mice when topically applied These results strongly suggest that Cor-285 may reduce immunoregulatory 1 inflammatory skin trouble. From the attempts to isolate the constituents, citropten (simple coumarin) and ellagic acid, a well known radical scavenger, were isolated. In a clinical trial of twenty healthy volunteers with aged skin,6 weeks application of Cor-285 (3% cream) decreased wrinkle about 26% and increased moisturizing 20% on the skin. All of these results indicate that Cor-285 may be an effective anti-aging and anti-wrinkle agent.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.64-72
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• 2016

Jakyakgamcho-tang is a well-known traditional herbal medicine and has been used for the treatment of mainly pains in oriental medicine. In this study, analytical method for the quantitative determination of the eleven marker components, gallic acid (1), oxypaeoniflorin (2), paeoniflorin (3), albiflorin (4), liquiritin (5), isoliquiritin (6), ononin (7), liquiritigenin (8), benzoylpaeoniflorin (9), paeonol (10), and glycyrrhizin (11) in Jakyakgamcho-tang decoction was performed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer. The analytical column for separation of the compounds 1~11 was used an UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ ($100{\times}2.1mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) column and column oven temperature was maintained at $45^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) by gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.3 ml/min and injection volume was $2.0{\mu}l$. Correlation coefficient in the calibration curves of the compounds 1~11 were showed a good linearity with more than 0.99. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values of the compounds 1~13 were detected in the ranges 0.06~18.43 ng/ml and 0.18~58.29 ng/ml, respectively. Among the compounds 1~11, the compounds 10 were not detected in this sample, while the ten compounds, 1~9 and 11, were detected $44.05{\sim}19,289.05{\mu}g/g$ in Jakyakgamcho-tang extract.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.137-147
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• 2007

Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of Carthami Flos extract. Methods : Total antioxidant status was examined by total antioxidant capacity(TAC) and total antioxidant response(TAR) against potent free radical reactions. The effect of Carthami Flos extract was examined far details of total phenolic content concentration at which 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity was inhibited, the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, and the effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Results : TAC of Carthami Flos extract at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was 1.84 mM Trolox equivalent. 2. TAR of Carthami Flos extract, on the other hand, couldn't be determined due to interference from unidentified compounds. 3. Total phenolic content of Carthami Flos extract at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was 2.01 mM gallic acid equivalent. 4. Concentration of Carthami Flos extract at which DPPH radical scavenging activity was inhibited by 50% was 6.43 mg/ml as compared to 100% by Pyrogallol solution as a reference. 5. The inhibitory effect of the extract on lipid peroxidation was examined using rat liver mitochondria induced by FeS04/ascorbic acid. Carthami Flos extract at the concentration of 10 ms/ml slightly but significantly decreased TBARS concentration. The extract continued to prevent lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. 6. The effect of Carthami Flos extract on reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation was examined using a cell-free system induced by hydrogen peroxide/FeS04. Addition of 1 mg/ml of Carthami Flos extract significantly reduced dichlorofluorescein(DCF) fluorescence. Carthami Flos extract caused concentration-dependent attenuation of the increase in DCF fluorescence, indicating that the ektract significantly prevented ROS generation in vitro. Conclusion: : Antioxidant efffcts of Carffami ffor extract seem to be due, at least in part, to the prevention offree radical-induced oxidation, fellowed by inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.260-265
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro potential of methanolic seed extract of Abelmoschus esculentus as a natural antioxidant. The DPPH activity of the Ethyl acetate soluble fraction (10, 20, 40, 80, and $160{\mu}g/mL$) was increased in a dose dependent manner, which was found in the range of 18.97-90.47% as compared to ascorbic acid 26.44-93.71%. The $IC_{50}$ values of Ethyl acetate soluble fraction (EAES) and ascorbicacid in DPPH radical scavenging assay were obtained to be 28.12 and $18.43{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Measurement of polyphenol content of the EAES of A. esculentus seed was achieved using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent containing 53.80 mg/g of total phenolic content, which was found signicantly higher when compared to reference standard gallic acid. Similarly total flavonoids and proabthocyanidis of EAES and chloroform soluble fraction (CAES) were found significantly 147 mg/g and 14.24 mg/g respectively when both compared to reference standard quercetin. EAES exhibited high significant lipid peroxidation inhibition effects in a dose-dependent manner, with $IC_{50}$ values of $38.08{\mu}g/mL$, whereas, standard quercetin, with $IC_{50}$ value of $36.67{\mu}g/mL$. All extract/fractions showed dose dependent reducing power ability and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that A. esculentus seed has a signicant potential to use as a natural antioxidant agent.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2004

Oxidative stress is associated with many kinds of chronic diseases. Antioxidants such as polyphenols are compounds that protect cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species. Grape seeds are considered good resources of polyphenols, and grape seed extracts have a very strong antioxidant effect. In the present study, we established a simple gradient reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography method to determine polyphenol content from three different grape seed resources. An ODS (2), $150\;{\times}\;3.2\;mm$ column has been employed, and six polyphenols have been determined: gallic acid, protochatechuic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and epicatechin gallate. Catechin and epicatechin were the main polyphenol compounds in all three extracts. The amount of procyanidin B2 was higher in Extract 1 (from a company of China), while Extract 2 (extracted in our lab) and Extract 3 (from a company of USA) contained higher proportions of epicatechin gallate. For the total polyphenol content, Extract 1 was much higher than that of Extract 2 and 3. The results suggest that the dietary dose of grape seed extracts from different resources should be adjusted according to polyphenol content.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2014

Laver is one of the most consumed edible red algae seaweeds in the genus Porphyra. Laver is primarily prepared in the form of dried, roasted, and seasoned products. We investigated the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of laver products, and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties of solvent extracts from commercially processed laver products. Significant differences in the concentration of phenolic compounds were found among differently processed laver. The total phenolic content for laver extracts ranged from 10.81 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract to 32.14 mg GAE/g extract, depending on extraction solvent and temperature. Laver extracts contained very few flavonoids (0.55 mg catechin equivalent/g extracts to 1.75 mg catechin equivalent/g extracts). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion scavenging assays were used to determine the radical scavenging capacities of laver extracts. These assays revealed that the processing method and extraction condition affected the antioxidant potentials of laver. Antioxidant activity of dried laver, roasted laver, and seasoned laver increased in a concentration-dependent manner ($100{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$). The radical scavenging activities of $37^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ water extracts were lower than that of a $37^{\circ}C$ 70% ethanol extract. The highest radical scavenging capacity was observed in the $37^{\circ}C$ 70% ethanol extracts of dried laver, roasted laver, and seasoned laver. Overall, these results support that notion that laver contains bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, which may have a positive effect on health.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.392-398
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• 2006

Four flavonoids 1-4 and one phytosterol 5 were isolated from methanol extract of Taekwangkong, one of the soybean cultivars, and the structures of these compounds were fully characterized by physical and spectral analysis. The content of compounds 1-4 as determined by $C_{18}$ reversed phase HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) coupled with diode-array detector were 12.1, 624.6, 18.0, and $219.6\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively, and the total phenolic content of this cultivar was measured as 3.7 mg gallic acid equivalent per g dry material (GAB/g). Also, compound 1 showed strong radical scavenging activity in the 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay ($IC_{50}\;=\;47.6\;{\mu}M$), five-fold higher than seen in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylliydrazyl (DPPH) assay. These results lead to the conclusion that soybean not only has many phytoestrogens but also has potent antioxidant activity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatocyte protective effects of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves cultivated in Korea. The contents of the total polyphenol of the extract was 271.57 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g residue. Antioxidant activities of leaf extract were evaluated by examining the free radical scavenging ability. 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ${\alpha}-{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities of the extract were 1133.23 mg trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/g residue and 721.68 mg TEAC/g residue, respectively. The hepatocyte protective effect of guava leaf extract was examined in HepG2 cells. Against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), the viability of HepG2 cells were increased by the treatment of leaf extract. In addition, guava leaf extract led to the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in HepG2 cells. The leaf extract increased the activity of glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) against oxidative stress. These results suggested that guava leaves might be regarded as a potential source natural antioxidant and a hepatoprotective material.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.265-273
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• 2019

Objective: Terminalia arjuna plant, specially its leaves, bark, and roots, are widely used in traditional herbal medicine due to presence of bioactive components and being a rich source of natural antioxidants. But its fruit has not been used for any such purposes despite its potential to retard oxidation. Hence, the antioxidant potential of Arjuna fruit extract (AFE) in retarding lipid and protein oxidation of raw ground pork was evaluated during refrigerated storage for 9 days. Methods: The AFEs were prepared using different solvents viz. ethanol (EH), water, ethanol: water (60:40) and methanol:hot water (60:40). The AFEs were analysed for total phenolic content (TPC), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Water extract (WE) and ethanol-water extract (EH-WE) were selected and incorporated at 1.0% into freshly minced pork meat and compared with a synthetic antioxidant, in retarding lipid and protein oxidation during storage. Results: The TPC in AFEs using different solvents ranged from 11.04 to 16.53 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and extracts exhibited appreciable scavenging activity ranging from 50.02% to 58.62%. Arjuna extracts significantly (p<0.05) improved the colour score of meat samples by reducing the formation of metmyoglobin during storage. Both the AFEs (WE and EH-WE) significantly (p<0.05) lowered the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value, peroxide formation and formation of protein carbonyls in raw pork than control sample during storage. Upon sensory evaluation of all samples, it was found that AFE treatment could prolong the storage period of meat samples, without influencing the colour and odour score, up to 6 days. Conclusion: AFEs used at 1% improved the oxidative stability, colour and odour score and prolonged the refrigerated shelf life of ground pork up 6 days. Therefore, AFE could be explored as an alternative natural antioxidant in retarding lipid and protein oxidation in meat products.