• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

It has been reported that $^{64}Cu$ was radiolabeled with bombesin (BBN) peptide binding to the gastrin releasing peptide receptor expressed in human prostate cancer cells (PC3), confirming tumor target efficacy in mouse model. In this study, we developed the kit for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer that can be used clinically using bombesin peptide available of $^{64}Cu$ and $^{177}Lu$ radioisotope labeling. The NODAGA-galacto-BBN peptide containing the NODAGA chelator and galactose was dispensed into a sterilized glass vial and lyophilized to prepare a kit. The stability of the kit after long-term storage in the $4^{\circ}C$ cold chamber and the radiolabeling efficiency after $^{64}Cu$ or $^{177}Lu$ labeling were confirmed by thin layer chromatography. When labeling with $^{64}Cu$ at the initial stage of storage, labeling efficiency of NODAGA-galacto-BBN peptide kit was over 96%, labeling efficiency was over 90% when $^{177}Lu$ was labeled. At 11 months after storage, the radiolabeling efficiency of kit against $^{64}Cu$ and $^{177}Lu$ was each over 95% and 90%. The cell viability was significantly reduced in the $^{177}Lu$-NODAGA-galacto-BBN treated group compared with the control and $^{177}Lu$ alone treated group in clonogenic assay. In conclusion, the NODAGA-galacto-BBN kit prepared by the lyophilization showed high stability over time and high yield of radioisotope labeling. Also $^{177}Lu$-NODAGA-galacto-BBN confirmed high cytotoxicity to prostate cancer cells. Therefore, the NODAGA-galacto-bombesin kit is expected to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer patients.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2015

Two bacterial strains, Bacillus licheniformis YB-1413 and YB-1414, producing extracellular α-galactosidase, were obtained from homemade Doenjang. On the basis of their biochemical properties, 16S rRNA sequences and random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns by polymerase chain reaction, they were found to be somewhat different from one another. α-Galactosidase productivities of the two isolates were increased by wheat bran, but drastically decreased by melibiose, raffinose and sucrose which were used as carbon sources. The enzyme productivities were increased by yeast extract as a nitrogen source with maximum levels of 1.87 U/ml for YB-1413 and 1.69 U/ml for YB-1414, respectively. The enzymes of both isolates exhibited maximum activity for hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (pNP-αGal) under reaction conditions of pH 6.0 and 45℃. Their hydrolyzing activities for pNP-αGal were drastically decreased by the addition of low concentrations of ribose and galactose. They were capable of hydrolyzing completely α-1,6 linked galactosyl residue in melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, which are known to be anti-nutritional factors in products of soybean and legume. In relation to the latter, the isolates YB-1413 and YB-1414 have potential applicability in improving soybean-fermented foods and the nutritional value of soybean feed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2016

Thermal acid hydrolysis pretreatment of Kappaphycus alvarezii was carried out with 12% (w/v) seaweed slurry and 180 mM H₂SO₄ at 140°C for 5 min. Utility of the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus KCTC7150 was evaluated with respect to cell growth and ethanol fermentation at 40°C was close to optimal for enzymatic hydrolysis. This could lead to the integration of both the saccharification and fermentation processes. The levels of ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with non-adapted and adapted K. marxianus KCTC7150 were 9.1 g/l with an ethanol yield (Y_EtOH) of 0.24 and 10.2 g/l with an ethanol yield (Y_EtOH) of 0.27 at 156 h, respectively. The two-phase SSF process was employed in this study to improve the efficiency of ethanol fermentation. Adapted K. marxianus KCTC7150 using the two-phase SSF process produced 13.5 g/l with an ethanol yield (Y_EtOH) of 0.35 at 96 h. Development of the two-phase SSF process could enhance the overall ethanol fermentation yields of the seaweed K. alvarezii.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2001

To develop natural antimicrobial substances from Theaceae, Schima wallichii subsp. liukiuensis was selected from 218 woody plants, and antimicrobial compounds against bacteria, fungi, and yeast were isolated. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts proved higher than those of other organic solvents. The antimicrobial activity of S. liukiuensis extract showed no differences in sesonal variation, but, that of plant part was high in bark at autumn. An antimicrobial substance was isolated from the extract of Schima using column chromatography packed with silica gel and sephadex LH-20, and then a purified antimicrobial substance (Compound I) was obtained using HPLC analysis. The Compound I in the analysis of UV, IR, and GC-MS presumed a triterpene or steroidal saponin, ${\alpha}$-sitisterol as aglycon combined three sugars. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the Compound I against a bacteria, fungi, and yeast were 1.25 g/L, 5.0 g/L, and 0.040 g/L, respectively. This is much lower than the MIC of hinokitiol, an natural antimicrobial compound used commercially, which suggests that Compound I could be developed as a natural preservative and pharmaceuticals.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2000

Theses studies were made on the mevinolin production from Penicillium citrinum Thom (KCTC 6990) Culture conditions pH temperature carbon sources nitrogen sources mineral sources surfactants and glucose concentration were optimized. The results of glucose concentration and maximum mevinolin production according to incubating time in the flask nearly disappeared after 5 days and appeared after 7 days respectively. temperature and pH conditions of maximum mevinolin production were $24^{\circ}C$ and 3.7 pH respectively. The results of maximum mevinolin production according to the kind of nutrients were as follows. Glucose of carbon sources were 3.5 mg/L. Peptone of nitrogen sources were 3.5 mg/L TEX>$K_2HP0_4$ of mineral sources was 3.8 mg/L Tween 20 of surfactants were 4.5 mg/L Maximum mevinolin productioni of glucose con-centration was 4.0mg/L of glucose 100 g/L In the batch culture Maximum mevinolin concentration was 10.3 mg/L after 8 days. maximum mevinolin specific production rate 0.016 mg/g-hr. These results need to be studied more than ever about temperature pH 야ㅕㅡ and treatment of by-product oil in the batch culture and must do the fad batch from now to increase mevinolin productivity.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.200-206
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• 2004

The optimal temperature for mycelial growth the F. fomentarius was $30^{\circ}C$ and the range of the temperature for mycelial growth wsa about 10~30. The optimal pH for the growth was 4.0. The percentage of weight loss percentage wsa 17.4%. The percentage of WEC extractives wsa increased to 2.24%. The observation of micromorphological showed that the detected cell wall were erosive and thinning as typical degradation pattern of white-rot fungi.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.755-761
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• 2012

In this study, we examined immuno-modulatory activities of crude polysaccharides from wild ginseng adventitious roots (WGAR). The crude polysaccharide (WGAR-CP) was isolated from WGAR by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and dialysis. The major constituents in WGAR-CP were neutral sugar (64.77%), and uronic acid (34.32%). WGAR-CP demonstrated anti-complementary activity dose-dependently. The immuno-modulatory effects of WGAR-CP were also analyzed by measuring nitric oxide and cytokines in the supernatants of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with WGAR-CP produced nitric oxide and various cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, WGAR-CP may have immuno-modulatory activities by activating a complementary system and macrophages, which produces cytokines.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.138-144
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• 1997

A new biopolymer YU-122 from Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok consisting of glucose and galactose was tested for its physical properties and flow behavior characteristics. Xanthan gum showed slightly higher viscosity than biopolymer YU-122. Viscosity of biopolymer YU-122 at various pHs and temperatures was also tested. The viscosity of biopolymer YU-122 was very stable up to pH 11 and $60^{\circ}C$, indicating that it has a great possibility for the application such as food additives, emulsifier, and drug release agents. Flow behavior index (n) from Power Law equation is 0.173. Biopolymer YU-122 solution was a pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid, which indicated that it had one or more side chains. When biopolymer YU-122 was used as a emulsifier, it stabilized the emulsion up to 120 hours, which was much better than xanthan gum. The biopolymer YU-122 could form an excellent but less clear film compared with xanthan and pullulan.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.586-593
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• 2004

Efficient extraction method of crude protein-bound polysaccharide (CPBP) from Agaricus blasei Murill was established. CPBP yields by ultrasonic and hot water extractions were 13.0 and 7.8%, respectively. Pressure extraction for 3 hr gave the highest ${\beta}-glucan$ content; no significant difference was observed between 2 and 3 hr extraction. Four volumes added ethanol gave the highest yields of CPBP and ${\beta}-glucan$ contents at 10.89 and 35.97%, respectively. Decomposition temperature of CPBP was $240-365^{\circ}C$, showing relatively good thermal stability. In SRB (sulforhodamine B) assay, CPBP treatment at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$ for 72 hr inhibited proliferations to A549, MCF-7, and AGS cancer cells by 43.9, 21.4, and 32.5%, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.6 s.93
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• pp.424-429
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of polysaccharides isolated from the fruit body and cultured mycelia of Phellinus linteus IY001. All fractions were extracted by hot water, followed by ethanol precipitation (F-THE and M-HE) or ultrafiltration (M-HU) (F-TH, F-THE; fruit body, M-HE, M-HU; cultured mycelia). Among these fractions, F-TH fraction was obtained at the highest yields of 6.83% and yield of F-THE was at the level 2.79%. The carbohydrates of these fractions was found to be a heteroglucan composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, ribose and xylose by analysis of gas chromatography. The total carbohydrate contents of M-HE and M-HU fractions were 99.2%, and 86.0% respectively. The glucose content of M-HE, M-HU and F-THE ranged from 54 to 84.8% of the total monosaccharide. Amino acid pattern showed that all fractions contained a large amount of aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine. Serine and threonine were found to be involved in the linkage, O-linked type. These fractions, except F. TH, contained polysaccharides with the molecular weights of 12 kD and showed the characteristics of IR absorption for ${\beta}-glucosides$ at $890\;cm^{-1}$.