• Toxicological Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1987

Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were used to study the cytotoxicity of D-galactosamine. Hepatocytes were isolated by a collagenase perfusion technique and maintained as monolayers in serum-free medium on collagen-coated culture dishes. Treatment of galactosamine to the culture markedly inhibited the uptake of ${\alpha}$-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) inducible with glucagon and dexamethasone. At0.1 mM of galactosamine, AIB uptake was inhibited significantly when treated for 12 hr. At higher doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0mM), a significant inhibition was noticed after 1 hr exposure. Generally the magnitude of the inhibition was related to the dose and treatment time of galactosamine. Treatment of galactosamine also produced a dose- and treatment time-related suppression of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) induction caused by dexamethasone. Meanwhile, uptake of ouabain was not affected by the treatment of galactosamine. The viability of the hepatocytes was decreased only slightly by the treatment of galactosamine; more than 87% of the cells excluded tryphane blue when treated 1 mM galactosamine for 12 hr. Galactosamine induced depressions of AIB uptake and TAT activity were prevented by the simultaneous addition of uridine to the culture. D-Galactosamine, cytotoxicity, hepatocytes culture, ${\alpha}$-aminoisobutyric acid uptake, tyrosine aminotransferase.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.341-347
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• 1990

The anti-hepatotoxic activity of Panax ginseng was studied using galactosamine (GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Panax ginseng was fractionated into dammarane glycosides and protein fractions. The dammarane glycosides was further fractionated into panaxadiol and panaxatriol glycosides fractions. The protein fraction was further fractionated into four groups according to the molecular weight; larger than 10,000 dalton, between 5,000 and 10,000 dalton, between 1,000 and 5,000 dalton and between 500 and 1,000 dalton. A significant lowering action on the elevated glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity in the culture medium of hepatocytes treated with 1.5 mM GalN was noticed with all four protein fractions studied at the concentration of both $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. However, the effect of dammarane glycosides fractions was not significant. It was noted that the addition of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of protein fractions smaller than 5,000 dalton significantly enhanced the syntheses of protein and RNA in the damaged hepatocytes induced by the treatment of 1.5 mM GalN. Dammarane glycosides fractions significantly enhanced protein synthesis at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ in the damaged hepatocytes by treatment of 1.5 mM GalN.

• 생약학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 1991

Liver protective effects of ginsenosides as well as fractions of dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng were studied using galactosamine (GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Preventing effects on GalN-induced hepatotoxicity were found both microscopic observation and determination of GPT level with total dammarane glycosides fraction and $20(S)-ginsenoside-Rb_1$ as well as $20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg_1$ at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. The syntheses of both protein and RNA were significantly increased by the treatment of $50{\mu}g/ml$ of total dammarane glycoside fraction, $20(S)-ginsenoside-Rb_1$, -Rc, -Re and $-Rg_1$, respectively in both normal and GalN-induced cytotoxic hepatocytes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.271-274
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• 1996

The antihepatotoxic activity of Bezoar Bovis and Moschus was investigated by in vitro assay method using galactosamine and carbon tetrachloride-induced cytotoxicity in primary-cultured rat hepatocytes. The antihepatotoxic activity was evaluated by measuring the level of glutamate pyruvate transaminase and sorbitol dehydrogenase which were released from the necrotic hepatocytes to the culture medium. In galactosamine-intoxicated hepatocytes, the chloroform fraction of Bezoar Bovis reduced the level of glutamate pyruvate transaminase and sorbitol dehydrogenase resulting in 65% and 59% protection, respectively. The n-Hexane fraction of Moschus resulted in 45% and 40% protection, respectively in this system. In the case of carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rat hepatocytes, Bezoar Bovis did not have significant effect and only the aqueous fraction of Moschus showed 42% and 40% protection, respectively.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2003

국내산 치커리의 생리적 기능성을 알아보기 위해 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 복음치커리의 물추출물은 간세포의 독성을 유발시키지 않았으며, 5 mM의 galactosamine을 5시간 배양하였을 때 LDH의 활성이 가장 높게 나타났다. 5 mM의 galactosamine으로 독성을 유발시킨 흰쥐의 간세포에 볶음치커리 물추출물을 투여한 결과 간세포로 부터 유리되는 LDH의 활성을 유의성 있게 감소시켜 간세포 보호 활성을 나타내었다. 볶음치커리 물추출물 800 mg을 당뇨 유발 흰쥐에 10일간 투여한 결과 혈당치는 297 mg/dl로 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타냈었고, 체중은 대조구에 비해 20% 높게 나타났다. Salmonella thyphimurium YG 1024의 복귀돌연변이 콜로니수를 조사한 결과 복음치커리 물추출물 ($10{\sim}5,000\;{\mu}/g$)의 처리구에서는 돌연변이를 유발시키지 않았으며, 2-aminofluorene을 처리한 양성 대조군에 물추출물을 plate당 $1,000{\sim}5,000\;{\mu}/g$ 농도로 처리한 결과 돌연변이 억제 활성은 없었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.182-186
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• 1993

$\alpha$-Linolenic acid ethylester, $C_{19}$ spiroketalenolether polyyne, herniarin and steroid were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia selengensis (Compositae). The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Liver protective effects of these constituents were studied using galactosamine and CCI$_{4}$-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.

• 생약학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 1990

Effects of the methanol extract of Bupleuri Radix on primary cultured chicken embryonic brain cells, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and rat hepatocytes were studied. The methanol extract of Bupleuri Radix at the concentration ranging from $10{\;}{\mu}g/ml\;to\;100{\;}{\mu}g/ml$ significantly recovered the cytotoxicity of rat hepatocytes induced by the treatment of galactosamine; at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, values of GOT and GPT in the culture medium were reduced by the 60% and 75%, respectively of those in the absence of the methanol extract of Bupleuri Radix. The addition of the methanol extract of Bupleuri Radix. into chicken embryonic brain cells which were cultured with a deficient medium significantly increased the number of cells promoting the neurite outgrowth. However, the methanol extract of Bupleuri Radix showed no effect on the activities of PDHC and acetylcholinesterase in primary cultured brain cells.