• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.139-147
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• 2023

Background and Purpose: Dual walking task such as crossing over an obstacle may serve as an excellent tool for predicting early cognitive decline. Thus, this study aimed to investigate correlation between walking while crossing over an obstacle and executive functions under different gait phases to validate the use of walking with an obstacle for predicting early cognitive decline. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 elderly individuals from 2 day-care centers and 3 welfare-centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi, Korea. Executive function tests (Trail Making Test, Stroop test) and dual walking tests (gait speed, cadence, stance time, gait cycle time) were performed and compared using partial correlation analysis. Results: There were significant correlations between executive function and most of the gait variables (stance time, cadence, and gait cycle time) (p<0.05) when crossing over an obstacle while walking. Especially, stance time exhibited significant correlations with most executive functions (p<0.05). Conclusions: When evaluating executive function during walking with an obstacle, post-obstacle-crossing phase and stance time need to be observed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 2022

Objective: The greatest motor impairment after stroke is a decreased ability to walk. Most stroke patients achieve independent gait, but approximately 70% do not reach normal speed, making it difficult to reach a standard of daily living. Therefore, a wearable exoskeleton is recommended for optimal independent gait because different residual disorders hinder motor function after stroke. This review synthesized the effect on gait speed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which gait training using a wearable exoskeleton was performed on post-stroke patients for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a randomized controlled trials Methods: RCTs using wearable exoskeletons in robotic rehabilitation of post-stroke patients were extracted from an international electronic database. For quality assessment and quantitative analysis, RevMan 5.4 was used. Quantitative analysis was calculated as the standardized mean difference (SMD) and presented as a random effect model. Results: Five studies involving 197 post-stroke patients were included in this review. As a result of the analysis using a random effect model, gait training using a wearable exoskeleton in post-stroke patients showed a significant improvement in gait speed compared to the non-wearing exoskeleton (SMD=1.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 1.78). Conclusions: This study concluded that a wearable exoskeleton was more effective than conventional gait training in improving the gait speed in post-stroke patients.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.182-201
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• 2017

Objectives Gait disorders are incapacitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease(PD). Here, we report improvements of patients diagnosed with PD treated by Sasang Constitutional Medicine, focused on gait and balance analysis. Methods The patients diagnosed with PD were treated on the basis of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, and their stance and gait status were analyzed by zebris Medical GmbH. To evaluate other general symptoms related with PD, GAS scale, NRS scale, H&Y scale and UPDRS were used. Results Stride length, velocity, stance phase, lateral symmetry were improved in all 6 patients. Other symptoms related to Parkinson's disease were reduced, along with the improvements in GAS scale, NRS scale, H&Y scale and UPDRS score. Conclusion This case study showed Sasang Constitutional Medicine is effective in various symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Especially in regard to the stance and gait status, the improvements were assessed accurately with Gait analysis.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.287-296
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• 2020

Purpose: The study aims were to develop a wearable inertial sensor-based gait analysis device that uses machine learning algorithms, and to validate this novel device using temporal gait parameters. Methods: Thirty-four healthy young participants (22 male, 12 female, aged 25.76 years) with no musculoskeletal disorders were asked to walk at three different speeds. As they walked, data were simultaneously collected by a motion capture system and inertial measurement units (Reseed®). The data were sent to a machine learning algorithm adapted to the wearable inertial sensor-based gait analysis device. The validity of the newly developed instrument was assessed by comparing it to data from the motion capture system. Results: At normal speeds, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for the temporal gait parameters were excellent (ICC [2, 1], 0.99~0.99), and coefficient of variation (CV) error values were insignificant for all gait parameters (0.31~1.08%). At slow speeds, ICCs for the temporal gait parameters were excellent (ICC [2, 1], 0.98~0.99), and CV error values were very small for all gait parameters (0.33~1.24%). At the fastest speeds, ICCs for temporal gait parameters were excellent (ICC [2, 1], 0.86~0.99) but less impressive than for the other speeds. CV error values were small for all gait parameters (0.17~5.58%). Conclusion: These results confirm that both the wearable inertial sensor-based gait analysis device and the machine learning algorithms have strong concurrent validity for temporal variables. On that basis, this novel wearable device is likely to prove useful for establishing temporal gait parameters while assessing gait.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.259-266
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• 2015

The purpose of this study in obesity gait and to present relevant evidence for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders to serve as clinical data were performed. 40 female college student body healthy, normal-weight group(n=20) and obesity group(n=20) after classification the gait pattern(smartstep), the balance index (biodex balance SD), muscle activity (surface EMG) to measure quantitatively were compared. Obesity group compared to normal-weight group, the body weight due to pressure and overcoming the load, weight gain due to the unbalance in the body by increasing the ankle joint movement by walking activity of the muscles that act on the ankle movement increases the more you know could. Therefore, in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in obese not to and continued strengthening of the muscles and the gait training, balance training is needed.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.39-46
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• 2002

In this study, vertical acceleration of center of mass was observed along normal gait phases in 9 healthy male volunteers (aged $25.7{\pm}2.18$). The developed wireless accelerometric device was attached on the intervertebral space between L3 and L4 using a semi-elastic waist belt. A three-dimensional motion analysis system, synchronized with the accelerometry, was used for detecting gait phases. There was no significant correlation between the body weight and the acceleration. The first peak curve covered loading response phase. The second downward peak point was matched accurately with the opposite toe-off. In mid-stance and terminal stance, the acceleration curve highly resembled the vertical ground reaction force curve. There was no significant difference in timing between the final upward peak point and the initial contact. Therefore, the developed accelerometry system would be helpful in determining determine temporal gait pattems in patients with gait disorders.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 2022

A 52-year-old female diagnosed with Atypical Parkinsonian Disorders (APD) about one year ago suffered from dizziness and gait disturbance. The patient was identified as Taeeumin esophagus-cold lung-dry symptomatology pattern and was treated with Jowisengcheong-tang. The patient's symptoms of dizziness and night sweats were assessed using Global Assessment Scale (GAS). And, the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) were used to assess the overall function of the patient. The patient's symptoms of dizziness and night sweats were significantly improved, and UMSARS and MDS-UPDRS scores were decreased. This case showed that Sasang constitutional medicine treatment can improve APD symptoms and improve the quality of life of the patient.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2020

Piriformis muscle syndrome is a condition that causes direct muscle pain around piriformis muscle or sciatica from irritated sciatic nerve and the diagnosis remains debatable. The main treatment is symptomatic relief from conservative therapy such as medication and piriformis stretching exercise, and various therapeutic injections including local anesthetic, corticosteroid, botulinum toxin can be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this case, a 54-year-old male who had sciatica and gait disturbance showed piriformis muscle hypertrophy in the pelvis MRI. From imaging studies, electrodiagnostic study and physical examination, he was diagnosed with piriformis muscle syndrome. He underwent trigger point injection and botulinum toxin injection into the piriformis muscle, and pain and gait disturbance significantly improved. This case reports a case of piriformis muscle syndrome with clinical symptom of gait disturbance, which was improved by botulinum toxin injection.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2009

Background: The musculoskeletal disorders with asymmetrical gait on the whole body are the most common. This study was designed to analyze that General Coordinative Manipulation Intervention Models would affect the balanced restoration of asymmetrical gait. Methods: 68 healthy volunteers(1st hypothesis: 46, 2nd hypothesis 22) participated in the two GCM intervention models, which have performed 2 times a week for 3 weeks. Digital Camera was used to measure the gait, and measurements were performed before and after the application of the each intervention model. Repeated measured ANOVA was used to determine a statistical significance. Results: The outcome of examining hypothesis is as follows: 1. The 1st hypothesis : GCM Intervention based on the coordinating the flexion type of upper body and the extension type of lower body will improve in the balanced restoration of asymmetrical gait because it offers a clear direction for treatment(p<.05). 2. The 2nd hypothesis: GCM Intervention based on the coordinating the flexion type of lower body and the extension type of upper body will improve in the balanced restoration of asymmetrical gait because it offers a clear direction for treatment(p<.05). Conclusion: GCM intervention programs on the two hypothesis groups have effects on the balanced restoration of asymmetrical gait(p<.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2016

PURPOSE: A good, valid, and feasible tool for evaluating sit to stand (STS) is needed to help clinicians quantify the STS ability of stroke patients and people with balance disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB) and a force plate during STS and gait. METHODS: Seventeen healthy adults performed five trials of STS and gait on the WBB placed on the force plate. The force plate and the WBB were compared in regard to center of pressure (COP) and ground reaction force (GRF) data that were collected simultaneously. The variables used for analysis were time (s), integral summation (%), COP path length (mm), COP x range, and COP y range, all of which were measured for both tasks. Counter (%), peak (%), and rebound (%) were analyzed for STS, and $1^{st}$ peak (%), min peak (%), and 2nd peak (%) were analyzed for gait. The concurrent validity was analyzed using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and a standard error of measurement (SEM) with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The concurrent validity of the WBB for STS ranged from fair to good (ICC=.701~.994, SEM=.029~3.815). The concurrent validity for gait was good (ICC=.869 ~.989, SEM=.007~2.052) aside from path length and x and y ranges of COP (ICC=-.150~.371, SEM=3.635~4.142). CONCLUSION: The GRF of the WBB has a good validity for STS and gait analysis. The WBB is remarkably portable, easy to use, and convenient for clinically assessing STS and gait.