• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2016

현재 사용 중인 이동 통신 시스템에서는 주파수 효율을 높이기 위한 주요한 방법으로 다중 입출력 송수신 (multiple-input multiple-output; MIMO) 전송 기술을 사용하고 있다. MIMO 전송 시 채널의 추정을 통한 정확한 빔포밍의 수행은 수신 신호의 신호 대 간섭 및 잡음 비 (signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio; SINR) 증가와 시스템의 성능 향상에 기여하며, 따라서 빔포밍 벡터와 이를 정의하는 코드북 설계에 관한 논의는 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 균일 원형 배열 (uniform circular array; UCA) 구조 환경에 적합한 코드북을 제안하기 위해 인접 안테나 간 채널의 위상 차이를 통계적으로 분석한 후, 확률 밀도 함수의 분포에서 나타난 위상의 이동 정도를 보상하기 위해 새로운 매개 변수를 추가하는 방법을 사용한다. 제안 코드북은 공간채널모델 환경에서 성능 평가를 진행하여 기존의 LTE (long term evolution) Release 8과 Release 10에서 제시한 표준 코드북 대비 큰 폭의 성능 이득을 보임을 확인한다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2003

본 연구는 내한촉진제를 사용한 한중콘크리트의 배합선정, 제조 생산, 타설 및 양생 등 실구조물에 대한 적용성에 관한 것이다. 내한촉진제의 사용량 및 물-시멘트비의 선정이 한중콘크리트의 초기동해방지 및 강도증진성상에 커다란 영향을 주기 때문에 배합설계단계에서 충분한 검토가 필요하다. 내한촉진제를 사용한 굳지 않은 콘크리트의 유동성상은 전반적으로 동일 물-시멘트비에서 유사한 결과를 나타나고 있었으며, 고성능감수제의 종류에 따른 경시변화 검토결과, 초기 플로우 및 유동성 손실이 적게 나타나는 폴리카르본산계 고성능감수제가 멜라민계 보다 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 강도관리용 공시체는 기존의 현장봉함 양생보다는 실구조물의 온도이력과 유사한 경향을 보이는 간이단열방법으로 양생하는 것이 유효할 것으로 판단된다. 로지스틱곡선을 이용하여 각 양생 방법별 내한촉진제를 사용한 한중콘크리트의 강도증진성상을 검토한 결과, 강도증진에 미치는 내한촉진제의 영향이 상온조건보다는 저온조건 하에서 효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 내한촉진제를 사용한 콘크리트는 평균 외기온 $-2^{\circ}C$(최저기온$-12^{\circ}C$)에서 간단한 비닐양생만으로 초기동해 방지를 위해 필요한 압축강도 $5N/{mm}^2$의 발현이 가능하였고 재령28일에 목표로 하는 소요강도를 만족시켰다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

The determination of the solar and thermal performance of fenestration is required for the evaluation of fenestration energy performance, estimating building load. Presently, there exist several methods for determining the thermal transmission(U-value) and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of fenestration system. These method are commonly grouped under calculation or experimental methods. While U-value testing and calculation methods have been long established, SHGC has been evaluated only by the method of calculation under the lack of any established testing method. However, it is difficult to assess the exact SHGC for various types of fenestration with sun-shading or other solar control systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interior venetian blind and roll screen on the SHGC of glazing system. SHGC has been evaluated by the KS L 9107 test method and exiting calculation method for precise comparison of the energy performances of various shading devices. In this research, the test sample consists of three different types of double glazing unit with venetian blind and roll screen. Slat angles of venetian blind were changed to $-45^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, and$-45^{\circ}$. For the roll screen, measurements were taken with the roll screen in the closed position. In result, the venetian blind reduced SHGC by 21.2~28.4% at $45^{\circ}$, when compared to the double glazing unit. The roll screen reduced SHGC by 34.4~41.7% at closed. The differences between the measured and calculated SHGC were found to range between 0.001(0.2%) and 0.047(11.1%) for all test cases. For the cases of venetian blind $-45^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$, the deviation ratio were 3.6~9.8%, 1.1~2.6%, 4.2~11.1%, respectively. For the case of roll screen, the deviation ratio were 4.1~5.7%.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.81-101
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• 1995

지표-형질의 상관은 우량 개체 선발과 유전획득량의 증대를 위해 임목 육종에서 해결되어야 할 중요한 과제 중의 하나로 최근 분자유전학적 수준에서의 임의 증폭 다형 디엔에이 (RAPD) 기술의 발달로 이의 해결이 눈 앞에 다가왔다. 호주 퀸즈랜드산림청과 퀸즈랜드대 임목생물공학연구소가 공동 연구하고 있는 슬래쉬소나무, 카리비아소나무 및 그 교잡종에 있어 이 기술을 이용한 수피 두께에 대한 연구 및 육종 계획 전략을 소개한다. 1대 잡종에서 186개의 지표를 포함한 총 길이 1641cM의 16개 연관군의 유전적 지도가 작성되었고, 이 연관군 지도에 수피 두께를 지배하는 6개의 유전자좌가 추정되었다. 또한, 유전적 지표를 이용한 조기 선발을 위해 먼저 중요 형질을 지배하는 유전자들에 대한 종 특성 유전적 지표를 결정하고, 다음 여러가지 대립유전자형에 대한 지표-대립유전자 상관을 구명하는 2단계 전략이 제시되었다. 소나무류는 발아시 양료로 쓰이는 자성배우체는 모수에서 유래하나, 접합자인 배는 양친수로부터 유래하므로 이러한 이질적 유전 조성을 갖인 종자의 발달을 이용한 RAPD 지표와 형질의 상관 연구는 배 단계에서도 우량 개체의 선발을 가능하게 하여 소나무류 육종의 장래를 밝게 하고 있다.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.211-228
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• 2012

This paper reports the development of a generalized inverse analysis formulation for the parameter estimation of four-parameter Burger model. The analysis is carried out by formulating the problem as a mathematical programming formulation in terms of identification of the design vector, the objective function and the design constraints. Thereafter, the formulated constrained nonlinear multivariable problem is solved with the aid of fmincon: an in-built constrained optimization solver module available in MatLab. In order to gain experience, a synthetic case-study is considered wherein key issues such as the determination and setting up of variable bounds, global optimality of the solution and minimum number of data-points required for prediction of parameters is addressed. The results reveal that the developed technique is quite efficient in predicting the model parameters. The best result is obtained when the design variables are subjected to a lower bound without any upper bound. Global optimality of the solution is achieved using the developed technique. A minimum of 4-5 randomly selected data-points are required to achieve the optimal solution. The above technique has also been adopted for real-time settlement of four oil refineries with encouraging results.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.31-36
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• 1999

The development of a low earth orbit microsatellite is recognized as a good means of enhancing the technological capability, to gain experience and to train engineers to acquire knowledge and experience in space systems. Most developed countries in space technology do not allow the transfer of critical space technologies such as technology involved in attitude determination and control systems. And the export of critical components and equipment such as high precision attitude sensors is tightly controlled. Therefore it is inevitable to independently acquire self-design and manufacturing capability to implement a satellite mission. The KITSAT-3 program was aimed at verifying the capability to design, develop and operate an indigenous microsatellite system, which includes such critical technologies and associated components and equipment, as well as train engineers. KITSAT-3 was launched on May 26, 1999 using the Indian launcher PSLV-C2. The operations team has successfully performed a full functional checkout during the launch and early operations phase and the satellite is presently in a normal operations mode. This paper introduces the KITSAT-3 program and the results of the initial operations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1383-1386
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• 2005

Associations of restriction fragment length polymorphism in porcine attractin (ATRN) gene with average daily gain (ADG), live weight (LWT) and back fat thickness (BFT) were studied with one exotic composition population (Xianghuang) and three local breeds (Ningxing, Shaziling and Daweizi) in China. Two types of alleles were detected; one with the band size of 700 bp (A) and the other with the band size of 450 and 250 bp (B), and their genotypes were classified as AA, AB and BB. Polymorphisms were observed in the exotic breed, but not in the three local breeds. Individuals with the genotype BB showed larger ADG and LWT than those with AA in Xianghuang population (p<0.05). The breed specific effects of the porcine attractin gene in this study implied that identification of the polymorphisms and determination of genetic effects on phenotypes should be performed in the target populations.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2014

Estimating time and cost is an important mission in the early phase of a construction project, especially in feasibility study. It provides a foundation for making decision whether or not the project is performed on schedule and within budget. Thus, reliability of this estimate plays a key role in measuring the success of a project. This study was carried out to investigate the time-cost relationship in building construction projects in Bangladesh. The mathematical equation used in this study is based on Bromilow's equation. The research data were collected from sixty-three completed building projects through questionnaire survey. Type of clients, type of projects, and tender methods are the project characteristics considered in this study. The results of analysis indicated that the Bromilow's time-cost (BTC) models developed for each project characteristic are appropriate due to quite high coefficient of determination and relatively small mean percent errors. Among them, the forecasted model for time and cost according to tender methods is the best fit model. It is concluded that the BTC model could be applied in building construction project to predict its time and cost in Bangladesh. Four different regression models were also developed in this study. The results of BTC model between some selected countries were compared to gain the comprehensive view.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2000

Turbo codes are the most exciting and potentially important development in coding theory in recent years. They were introduced in 1993 by Berrou, Glavieux and $Thitimajshima,({(1)}$ and claimed to achieve near Shannon-limit error correction performance with relatively simple component codes and large interleavers. A required Eb/N0 of 0.7㏈ was reported for BER of $10^{-5}$ and code rate of $l/2.^{(1)}$ However, to implement the turbo code system, there are various important details that are necessary to reproduce these results such as AGC gain control, optimal wordlength determination, and metric rescaling. Further, the memory required to implement MAP-based turbo decoder is relatively considerable. In this paper, we confirmed the accuracy of these claims by computer simulation considering these points, and presented a optimal wordlength for Turbo code design. First, based on the analysis and simulation of the turbo decoder, we determined an optimal wordlength of Turbo decoder. Second, we suggested the MAP decoding algorithm based on sliding-window method which reduces the system memory significantly. By computer simulation, we could demonstrate that the suggested fixed-point Turbo decoder operates well with negligible performance loss.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1101-1105
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• 2012

This study proposes a method for improvement of PD type fuzzy controller. The method includes self tuner using gradient algorithm that is one of the optimization algorithms. The proposed controller improves simple Takagi-Sugeno type FLC (Fuzzy Logic Control) system. The simple Takagi-Sugeno type FLC system changes nonlinear characteristic to linear parameters of consequent membership function. The simple FLC system could control the system by calibrating parameter of consequent membership function that changes the system response. While the determination on parameter of the simple FLC system works well only partially, the proposed method is needed to determine parameters that work for overall response. The simple FLC system doesn't predict the response characteristics. While the simple FLC system works just like proportional part of PID, our system includes derivative part to predict the next response. The proposed controller is constructed with P part and D part FLC system that characteristic parameter on system response is changed by self tuner for effective response. Since the proposed controller doesn't include integral part, it can't eliminate steady state error. So we include a gain to eliminate the steady state error.