• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2013

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) and HCFCs (Hydrochlorofluorocarbons) that are chemically stable were proven to be a greenhouse gases that can destroy ozone layer. On the other hand, HFCs (Hydrofluorocarbons) was developed as an alternative refrigerant for them, but HFCs still have a relatively higher radiative forcing, resulting in a large Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 1,300. Current regulations prohibit production and use of these chemicals. In addition, obligatory removal of existing material is in progress. Methods for the decomposition of these material can be listed as thermal cracking, catalytic decomposition and plasma process. This study reports the development of low cost and high efficiency plasma scrubber. Stability of steam plasma generation and effect of plasma parameters such as frequency of power supply and reactor geometry have been investigated in the course of the development. Method for effective removal of by-product also has been investigated. In this study, elongated rotating arc was proven to be efficient in decomposition of HFCs above 99% and to be able to generate stable steam plasma with steam contents of about 20%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2005

CF₄ molecular gas is used in most of semiconductor manufacture processing and SF/sub 6/ molecular gas is widely used in industrial of insulation field. but both of gases have defect in global warming. C₃F/sub 8/ gas has large attachment cross-section more than these gases, moreover GWP, life-time and price of C₃F/sub 8/ gas is lower than them, therefor it is important to calculate transport coefficients of C₃F/sub 8/ gas like electron drift velocity, ionization coefficient, attachment coefficient, effective ionization coefficient and critical E/N. The aim of this study is to get these transport coefficients for imformation of the insulation strength and efficiency of etching process. In this paper, we calculated the electron drift velocity (W) in pure C₃F/sub 8/ molecular gas over the range of E/N=0.1∼250 Td at the temperature was 300 K and gas pressure was 1 Torr by the Boltzmann equation method. The results of this paper can be important data to present characteristic of gas for plasma etching and insulation, specially critical E/N is a data to evaluate insulation strength of a gas.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

The natural refrigerants have used into HVAC equipments because the CFCs and HFCs have some environmental problems like high ODP and GWP. The carbon dioxide has small effect on the environmental problem but also good thermodynamics properties. In this study, the simulation study on the performance and characteristics of a $CO_2$ gascooler and evaporator using a fin-tube and microchannel heat exchanger has been conducted. Besides, the comparison of performance with operating condition was carried out in order to apply to the $CO_2$ heat pump system. As a result, the front sizes of a gascooler and evaporator using a microchannel were decreased by 63% and 58%, respectively, compared to those using a fin-tube. The performance of the fin-tube gascooler and evaporator were more responsive to the variation of operating conditions compared to that of microchannel. The pressure drop of a fin-tube heat exchanger was higher than that of a microchannel one.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.923-938
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• 2015

This study was conducted to serve as the basis for establishing a standard cultivation, which enhances the alternative utilization of pig manure, a major cause of environmental pollution, by finding a means for reducing greenhouse gas emissions for eco-friendly cultivation. In a laboratory, $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ emission patterns were investigated corresponding to incremental pig manure treatments in paddy soil. The emissions peaked 12 to 27 days after manure application in the 100~400% applications. It was found that increasing applications of pig manure resulted an increase in $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ emissions. Additionally, application of more than 150% emitted a larger amount of these gasses than applying chemical fertilizer. However, the test application of 100% pig manure emitted a smaller amount of $CH_4$ and hence Global Warming Potential (GWP) than those emitted by chemical fertilizer. If appropriate amount of fertilization is applied in compliance with the standard application rate, the pig manure may be effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the soil environment made more favorable than with the use of chemical fertilizer.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.627-634
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• 2017

In this study, Material life cycle evaluation was performed to analyze the environmental impact characteristics of TiN-ZrCo membrane manufacturting process. Gabi was used as software. The Eco-Indicator 99 methodology was used to evaluate the 11 impact categories and the 10 impact categories using the CML 2001 methodology. Precursor TiN was synthesized by sol-gel method and zirconium was coated by ball mill method. The metallurgical, physical and thermodynamic characteristics of the membranes were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA), Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) and Gas Chromatograph System (GP). As a result of the characterization and normalization, the environmental impacts of each category of impacts were GWP 100 years with the highest environmental impact of 99.9%.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.553-553
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• 2009

LFG는 약 4,500kcal/$m^3$의 높은 발열량을 가지는 에너지원으로 활용이 가능한 동시에 GWP가 21인 $CH_4$를 제거함으로써 탄소배출권(CERs) 확보를 통해 CDM 또는 ET 시장에서 유리한 위치를 선점할 수 있다. LFG의 활용기술에는 발전과 중질가스 및 고질가스 형태의 연료로 생산하는 방식이 있다. 하지만 기존의 기술은 LFG의 발생량이 일정규모 이상인 매립지에서 경제성을 가지기 때문에 국내에서는 14곳의 대형 매립지에서만 에너지원으로 활용하고 있다. 그 외 중소규모 매립지에서는 대기중으로 방출하거나 소각하여 처리하므로 가용한 에너지원이 버려지고 있을 뿐만 아니라 지구온난화에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 중소규모 매립지에서 발생하는 LFG를 경제성을 가지는 에너지원으로 활용하기 위하여 하이드레이트화를 이용한 $CH_4$ 분리, 정제, 수송 연구를 진행하였으며, 이러한 연구의 일환으로 pure $CH_4$를 대상으로 하이드레이트 형성 시 구동력(driving force)에 따른 induction time, growth rate, gas consumption 측정을 통하여 LFG를 이용한 가스 하이드레이트 생산을 위한 운전조건 선정을 위한 기본 자료로 사용하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.414-420
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• 2005

For supporting future demands of lower temperature. environmental friendly low- temperature refrigerants must be studied and developed to replace halocarbon. Ethane. which is one of hydrocarbon compound. is an environmental friendly refrigerant because it has zero ODP and GWP ${\sim}$ 20[per 100yr]. On this study, two-stage cascade refrigeration system was utilized to investigate performance of ethane on the low-stage. By employing R22 at higher stages. energetic performance as well as operating condition of R22/R170 system is compared to R22/R23. At low stage evaporation pressure ranges from 1.10 to 2.74 bar, R22/R170 shows higher COP over R22/R23. Furthermore, at the same range evaporation temperature R22/R170 can reach lower temperature.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.823-829
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• 2012

In this study, the performance of mobile air conditioner(MAC) systems to which the refrigerants R134a and R1234yf were used was evaluated to compare the characteristic of automotive refrigeration cycles with refrigerant. The experimental setup of a MAC consists of an belt driven compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and a block type thermal expansion valve. The drop-in test on MAC were carried out under variable compressor speed from 800 to 2500 rpm. Performance test by using R1234yf and R134a in the same system revealed low the charge amount and mass flow rates for using R1234yf, that is, up to 10% and 17%, respectively. The compressor discharge temperature of R1234yf is $8^{\circ}C$ lower than that of R134a. The cooling capacity with R1234yf system decreased by 4~7% compared with R134a system. In addition, The COP of R1234yf system is lower 3~4% than that of R134a system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.870-874
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• 2010

통합수자원의 관리(IWRM)에 대한 명확한 용어의 기원과 정의는 내려져 있지 않으나, 1992년 더블린에서 열린 물과 환경에 대한 국제 컨퍼런스에서는 통합수자원관리에 적합한 가이드라인 성격의 원칙을 정하였다. 또한 GWP(2000)는 '생태계의 근본을 지키면서 최대한의 사회, 경제적 가치 창출을 위한 물과 육지, 그리고 이와 관련된 자원을 관리하고 개발하는 과정'으로 통합수자원관리에 대한 일반적인 정의를 내리고 있다. 한편 우리나라에서 하천유지유량의 개념이 문서상으로 나타나기 시작한 것은 1960년대이며, 1995년에 그 구체적인 산정방법이 정립되었고, 1999년 전국 4대강 수계의 하천유지유량이 산정되었다. 이 값들은 2006년 60개 지점에 대해 고시되었으며, 같은 해 환경개선용수의 개념이 정립되고 2007년 개정된 하천법에 보완된 하천유지유량의 개념이 출현 하였다. 하천유지유량 산정방법 또한 보완되어 2007년부터 금강권역을 시작으로 하천 유지유량 재 산정 작업이 시작되어 현재 진행되고 있다. 해외의 경우 1990년대 중반 호주와 남아프리카공화국, 미국 등에서는 하천생태계, 특정 유량이 아닌 전체적인 변동성(유황)을 중요시하는 환경유량의 개념이 정립되어 활발히 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 통합수자원관리와 우리나라의 하천유지유량 및 환경개선용수, 그 중요성이 더욱 강조되고 있는 환경유량의 관계를 살펴보고 향후 하천수 관리에 대한 방향성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.106-112
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• 2014

The diesel engine, which has high compression ratio than other heat engines, has been using as the main power source of marine transport. Especially, since marine diesel engines offer better specific fuel consumption (SFC), it is environment-friendly compared to those used in other industries. However, attentio should be focused on emissions such as nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) which is generated from combustion of low-grade fuels. Because $N_2O$ in the atmosphere is very stable, the global warming potential (GWP) of $N_2O$ is 310 times as large as that of $CO_2$, and it becomes a source of secondary contamination after photo-degradation in the stratosphere. It has been hitherto noted on the $N_2O$ exhaust characteristics from stationary power plants and land transportations, but reports on $N_2O$ emission from the marine diesel engine are very limited. In this experimental study, a author investigated $N_2O$ emission characteristics by using changed diesel fuel components of nitrogen and sulfur concentration, assessed on the factors which affect $N_2O$ generation in combustion. The experimental results showed that $N_2O$ emission exhibited increasement with increasing of sulfur concentration in fuel. However, all kinds of nitrogen component additives used in experiment could not change $N_2O$ emission.