• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2010

An interest in the production of seed-oil based fuel and raw materials, which comes from renewable plant sources, has been intrigued by the phenomenon of global warming and shortage of fossil fuels. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the most important oilseed crop, which produces seeds with 40% oil. It is desirable to develop genetically modified rapeseed producing oils, which can be easily converted to biodiesel. As an initial step for development of genetically modified rapeseed for the production of biofuels or bio-based materials, Korean rapeseed cultivars, Naehan, Youngsan, Tammi and Halla, were analyzed. Four Korean rapeseed cultivars produce 32 to 40% oil of seed dry weight, which is rich in oleic acid (more than 60 mole%). The cotyledonary petioles of rapeseed cultivar, Halla, were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101, carrying the uidA gene encoding $\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) gene as a selectable marker. The stable integration of PAT gene in the genome of transgenic rapeseeds was confirmed by PCR analysis. Expression of uidA gene in various rapeseed organs was determined by fluorometric assay and histochemical staining. Transformation efficiency of a Korean rapeseed Halla cultivar was 10.4%. Genetic inheritance of transgenes was confirmed in $T_2$ generation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.193-202
• /
• 2011

Objective: We found previously that $interferon$ $regulatory$ factor ($Irf$)-1 is a germinal vesicle (GV)-selective gene that highly expressed in GV as compared to metaphase II oocytes. To our knowledge, the function of $Irf-1$ in oocytes has yet to be examined. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between retinoic acid (RA) and RA-mediated expression of $Irf-1$ and the mouse oocyte maturation. Methods: Immature cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were collected from 17-day-old female mice and cultured $in$ $vitro$ for 16 hours in the presence of varying concentrations of RA (0-10 ${\mu}M$). Rate of oocyte maturation and activation was measured. Gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cytokine secretion in the medium was measured by Bio-Plex analysis. Apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results: The rates of oocyte maturation to metaphase II and oocyte activation increased significantly with RA treatment (10 nM-1 ${\mu}M$). With 100 nM RA treatment, lowest level of $Irf-1$ mRNA and cumulus cell's apoptosis was found. Among 23 cytokines measured by Bio-Plex system, the substantial changes in secretion of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, macrophage inflammatory protein-$1{\beta}$, eotaxin and interleukin-12 (p40) from COCs in response to RA were detected. Conclusion: We concluded that the maturation of oocytes and $Irf-1$ expression are negatively correlated, and RA enhances the developmental competence of mouse immature oocytes $in$ $vitro$ by suppressing apoptosis of cumulus cells. Using a mouse model, results of the present study provide insights into improved culture conditions for $in$ $vitro$ oocyte maturation and relevant cytokine production and secretion in assisted reproductive technology.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2000

Explants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumifacience GV 3101 strain containing nptII gene and cold regulated gene (BN115) from Brassica napus for transformation. Multiple shoots were obtained from the explants in the selection medium (MS basal medium supplemented with 100 mg/L kanamycin, 500 mg/L carbenicillin, 0.1 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L kinetin) after 3 to 4 weeks of co-culture. The putative transgenic shoots were transferred to rooting medium (1/2 MS basal medium supplemented with 100 mg/L kanamycin and 250 mg/L carbenicillin). The selected shoots were tested with PCR analysis using nptll, BN115 primers whether cold-regulated gene was introduced to genome of the plants. The vir G primers were particularly used to check contamination of Agrobacterium during PCR analysis. The nptII and BN115 primers produced the specific PCR bands in the putative transgenic lines but the vir G primers did not. These results confirmed that the PCR products were not the result of contamination with Agrobacterium. Additionally the Southern analysis of the PCR products and RT-PCR analysis proved that the cold-regulated gene was successfully integrated and transcribed in the putative transgenic lettuce plants.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.87-102
• /
• 2000

Depression is a psychiatric syndrom consisting of dejected mood, psychomotor retardation, insomnia and weight loss. sometimes associated with irrational quilt feeling. And it is also similiar to Hwa-byung(火病) symptom in oriental medicine. But it is difficult to diagnose with objective method. Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(D.I.T.I.) is one of diagnotic method that measure the changes of skin temperature in body.Specially we checked the skin temperature on depressed patients by using D.I.T.I. and compared with Bell's palsy patients and normal persons group.The results are as follows:Average body temperature of the depressed patient group is 36.62${\cdot}$0.58$^{\circ}C$ , Bell's palsy patients group is 36.59${\cdot}$0.34$^{\circ}C$ and that of the control group is 36.71${\cdot}$0.43$^{\circ}C$ . So there is no meaningful difference. The depressed patient group has higher temperature than the Bell's palsy patients group and control group by $\delta$T〉1.0$^{\circ}C$ at the following acupuncture points in these body parts - upper and lower, left and right, anterior and posterior. When acupuncture points temperature was compared superior and inferior part of the body, depressed patient group have meaningful difference at the GV-4 (Myung-moon) and also in the Bell's palsy patients group and control group.When acupuncture points temperature was compared left and right part of the body. ddpressed patient group have no meaningful difference and also in the Bell's palsy patients group and control group.When acupuncture points temperature was compared in the anterior and posterior part of the body, depressed patient group have meaningful difference at the Gv-4(Myung-moon) and also in the bell's palsy patients group and control group.From this study. we think that D.I.T.I. could be used to diagnose objectively on the depressed patients and useful to another psychoneurogenic diagnosis in oriental medicine.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.797-803
• /
• 2019

This study was carried out to reduce the lateral vibration of high-speed electric multiple units. In the study, the high-speed electric multiple unit prototype (HEMU-430X) has a high lateral vibration at low equivalent conicity regardless of the wheel profiles (XP55, GV40, S1002). As wheel wear progresses and the equivalent conicity increases, the lateral vibration tends to decrease. The reason is that a combination of the suspension characteristics causes the body and bogie to resonate at a frequency of 1.4 Hz when the equivalent conicity is low, resulting in body hunting. An investigation of the lateral vibration of overseas high-speed trains showed that a decrease in the hydraulic stiffness of the yaw damper could improve the vibration. The series stiffness of the yaw damper is a combination of the hydraulic stiffness and elastic joint. In this study, an attempt was made to improve the lateral vibration by lowering the stiffness of the elastic joint. The series stiffness of the adjusted yaw damper was approximately 60% compared to the original one. The on track test results showed improvement in the lateral vibration for both running directions. The vibration reduction method of this study can be used for EMU-250 and EMU-320 in future commercial operations.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2018

Cellular cyclic adenosine-3' 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) modulator is known as meiotic inhibitor and can delays spontaneous maturation in IVM experiment. Among many cAMP modulators, the role of Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on IVM isn't known. The purpose of this study is to improve the maturation of oocytes derived from follicles ${\leq}3mm$ in diameter through PACAP as meiotic inhibitor during pre-in vitro maturation (pre-IVM). First, we checked PACAP and its receptors in cumulus cells and, to establish the optimal phase and concentration of PACAP for pre-IVM, we conducted chromatin configuration assessments. As a result, the rate of GV (Germinal Vesicle) according to duration of pre-IVM was significantly decreased 12 h and 18 h after IVM (87.1 and 84.1%, respectively) compared to 0 h (99.4%). When COC was cultured for 18 h, the GV rate in the $1{\mu}M$ of PACAP treatment group (82.1%) was significantly higher than any other PACAP treatment groups (60.5, 64.1, 74.4 and 69.9 %, respectively). So, we divided into four groups as follows; MF (the conventional IVM group, obtained from follicle from 3 to 6 mm in diameter), SF (the conventional IVM group, obtained from follicle ${\leq}3mm$ in diameter), Pre-SF(-)PACAP (IVM group including 18 h pre-IVM without $1{\mu}M$ of PACAP, obtained from follicle ${\leq}3mm$ in diameter) and Pre-SF(+)PACAP (IVM group including 18 h pre-IVM with $1{\mu}M$ of PACAP, obtained from follicle ${\leq}3mm$ in diameter). To examine the effect of PACAP during pre-IVM, we investigated analysis of nuclear maturation, intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In cumulus cells, PACAP receptors, ADCYAP1R1 and VIPR1 were detected but were not detected in oocytes. After IVM, the Pre-SF(+)PACAP had the highest Metaphase II rate (91.7%) among all groups (P<0.05). The GSH levels in the MF and Pre-SF(+)PACAP were significantly higher than in the other groups (P<0.05) and ROS levels was no significant difference among all groups. In conclusion, these results indicated that even though the oocytes were derived from SF, pre-IVM application of PACAP improved meiotic and cytoplasmic maturation by regulating intracellular oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.58-71
• /
• 1997

In order to the location and local arrangement of nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers projecting to the meridian points related to facial nerve paralysis in the rat using the neural tracers, CTB and WGA-HRP, labeled neurons the were investigated by immunohistochemical and HRP histochemical methods following injection of 2.5% WGA-HRP and 1% CTB into Hyopko$(S_6)$. Chichang$(S_4)$, Sugu$(GV_{26})$, Sajukkong$(TE_{23})$ and Yangbaek$(G_{14})$. Following injection of Hyopko$(S_6)$, Chichang$(S_4)$, labeled motor neurons were founded in facial nucleus, trigeminal motor nucleus, reticular nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus. labeled sensory neurons were founded in trigeminal ganglia and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. sympathetic motor neurons were found in superior cervical ganglia. Sensory fibers labeled in brainstem were found in mesencephalic trigeminal tract, sensory root of trigeminal nerve, oral, interpolar and caudal part of trigeminal nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, lateral reticular nucleus and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. Following injection of Sugu$(GV_{26})$, labeled motor neurons were founded in facial nucleus. Labeled sensory neurons were founded in trigeminal ganglia and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. Sympathetic motor neurons were found in superior cervical ganglia. Sensory fibers labeled in brainstem were found in spinal trigeminal tract, trigeminal motor nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal tract, oral. interpolar and caudal parts of trigeminal nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, lateral reticular nucleus, dorsal part of reticular part and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. Following injection of Sajukkong$(TE_{23})$ and Yangbaek$(G_{14})$, labeled motor neurons were founded in facial nucleus, trigeminal motor nucleus. Labeled sensory neurons were founded in trigeminal ganglia and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. sympathetic motor neurons were found in superior cervical ganglia. Sensory fibers labeled in brainstem were found in oral, interpolar and caudal parts of trigeminal nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, inferior olovary nucleus, medullary reticular field and lamina I-IV of $C_{1-2}$ spinal cord. Location of nerve cell body and nerve fibers projecting to the meridian points related to the facial nerve paralysis in the rats were found in facial nucleus and trigeminal motor nucleus. Sensory neurone were found in trigeminal ganglia and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. Sympathetic motor neurons were found in superior cervical ganglia. Sensory fibers labeled in brainstem were found in mesencephalic trigeminal tract, oral, interpolar and caudal parts of trigeminal nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius. lateral reticular nucleus, medullary reticular field.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.432-436
• /
• 2007

Therapeutic effect by injection-AP with antibiotics plus conventional treatment was investigated to establish a new treatment method for canine demodicosis. Three patients diagnosed into canine demodicosis were used in the present study. Injection-AP with enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, twice a week) was made into the acupoints such as Fei Shu(BL13), Wei Zhong (BL40), Da Zhui (GV14), Zu San Li (ST36), He Gu (LI04), Qu Chi (LI11) and Sang Yin jiao(SP06) for 5 weeks. Further, they were additionally received with conventional treatments including injection of ivermectin (0.5 mg/kg, twice a week, SC) and 0.05% amitraz rinse (twice a week) for 5 weeks. The clinical symptoms (pruritus, excoriation, erythema and alopecia) were much improved by injection-AP therapy plus conventional treatment, compared by those of pre-treatment. Case 1 became to normal after 4 weeks, Case 2 became to mild after 5 weeks and Case 3 became to normal after 5 weeks. Total WBC revealed decreasing tendency with treatment in all cases, however, N/L ratios didn't show regular pattern of change with treatment. Notable changes were not histopathogically found in skin lesions of Case 1 and Case 3 except Case 2 with mild change after 5 weeks treatment, compared by those of pre-treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the present patients were cases with canine demodicosis which revealed favorable therapeutic response by injection-AP with antibiotics plus conventional treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2019

In recent years, progress has been made in the search for the development of new anti-cancer agents by employing specific inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-6 to block signal transduction pathways in cancer cells. This study examined the effects of tubastatin A (TubA), an HDAC-6 inhibitor, on the growth and development of immature oocytes in murine ovaries using RNA sequencing analysis. The results from a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that the expression of most of the gene sets involved in the cell cycle and control and progression of meiosis decreased in the TubA-treated group as compared with that in germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes. In addition, an ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) suggested that TubA not only caused increased expression of p53 and pRB and decreased expression of CDK4/6 and cyclin D but also caused elevated expression of genes involved in the control of the DNA check point in G2/M stage oocytes. These results suggest that TubA may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the induction of changes in the expression of genes involved in signal transduction pathways associated with DNA damage and the cell cycle of immature oocytes in the ovary.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review the acupuncture treatment studies of tic disorder in traditional chinese medicine. Methods : We reviewed the 16 studies about acupuncture treatment of tic disorder which were published from 2005 through 2007. We selected those studies from CNKI(中國知識基礎設施工程 http://www.cnki.net). Results : Selected 16 studies were divided into 8 case reports and 8 control studies. CCMD(6 studies) and DSM(4 studies) were frequently used in the diagnosis of tic disorder. Acupuncture points frequently used were 百會(Baekhoe, $GV_{20}$), 太衝(Taechung, $LR_3$), 風池(Pungji, $GB_{20}$), 合谷(Hapgok, $LI_4$), 神門(Sinmun, $HT_7$), 三陰交(Sameumgyo, $SP_6$), 內關(Naegwan, $PC_6$) and so on. According to specific parts of symptom, some acupuncture points were added. Most of studies reported that acupuncture treatments of tic disorder were very effective. Conclusions : There have been reported many acupuncture treatment studies of tic disorder in traditional chinese medicine. We believe that these studies could be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.