• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.147-154
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• 2001

Amun(GV15), Habkook(LI4) and Shinsu(B23) have been used as a meridian point for apoplexy, hypertention, vertigo etc. The effects of GV 15, LI4 and B23 on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate the effect of several meridian points on the regional cerebral bloof flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(BP) in rats. The changes of BP and rCBF were tested Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). Results : The results of this Study were obtained as follows ; 1. GV15 and LI4 were increased significantly rCBF. 2. GV15, LI4 and B23 were increased BP, but have not significance. Conclusion : This results suggest that GV15 was increased rCBF by increasing pial arterial diameter, and LI4 was increased rCBF by increasing BP.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-130
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• 2008

Background: For standardizing of Han-Yeol [寒熱], which is a kind of diagnosis method in oriental medicine, it is necessary to investigate into relationship of symptoms and signs representative of Han-Yeol [寒熱] to the biofunctional medical signals; thermal temperature by Thermography, Pulse-Respiration Ratio and so on. By correlation analysis of these data items acquired from patients, it could be provides the fundamental data for standardizing of Han-Yeol [寒熱]. Objectives: We performed this study to check the characteristics of thermal temperature with Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio. Methods: We selected nine regions around acupoints including Yin dang[印堂], Sugu[水溝, GV26], Ch'ondol[天突, CV22], Chonjung[CV17], Chung-wan[中脘, CV12], Chonchu[天樞 S25], No-gung[勞官, P8], and calculated based on the utility of R.O.I.(Region of Integer) by IR-2000 these points temperature from 68 subjects. In practicing pulse-respiration ratio over 4.0 means the statues of Yeol [熱], pulse-respiration ratio below 4.0 means the statues of Han [寒]. To optimum conditions thermal temperature, which are not effected by internal and external variables, we studied preceding research. The results shows that optimal time period is 20minutes after undressed and the optimal region is the region around acupoints including Sugu [水溝, GV26]. Based on a preceding research results, we analyzed these data by Paired T-test between GV26 Region and 8-Thermography Regions and two-way repeated ANOVA with thermography$({\Delta}T)$ and Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio. Results: 1. In applying of two-way repeated ANOVA with thermography$({\Delta}T)$ and Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio, Sugu [水溝穴, GV26] - [印堂穴, HN1], Sugu 水溝, GV26] - Chonjung[CV17], Sugu [水溝, GV26] -Chung-wan[中脘, CV12]had significant differences. 2. In applying of Paired T-test between Sugu [水溝穴, GV26] Region and 8- Thermography Regions, there were significant differences except of Sugu [水溝穴, GV26] -Chondolp[天突, CV22]. 3. In the difference of Sugu [水溝, GV26] -Chung-wan[中脘, CV12], thermal temperature increases a lot in the statues of Yeol [熱], thermal temperature decreases a lot in the statues of Han [寒]. Conclusions: On the analysis of Thermography, we obtain the measurement conditions were considered the individual variations. And it is different that the thermal temperature change on Thermography according to Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.12-40
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• 1983

Heading behaviour of native japonica (GI) and Japanese varieties (GII) grown during 1910-1920s were thermo-sensitive, home bred varieties during 1930s (GIII) - 1950s (GIV) were photo-sensitive and semi-dwarf indica derived varieties released since 1971 (GV) were controlled by basic vegetative phase. Number of leaves on main culm was increased with varietal improvement and culm length was gradually shortened as variety improved. GV variety had the shortest plant height among the groups. The first internode length was about 30cm in all groups and difference of 2nd-4th internode length was caused shortening the culm length. Panicle length and diameter of panicle neck were shortened and became thinner as variety developed from GI to GIV, however, GV had longer panicle and thick panicle neck, respectively. Number of panicles/hill and straw weight/hill increased and became heavier as variety improve from GI to GIV but GV had moderate number of panicle/hill and relatively light straw weight. Number of spikelet/panicle has been reduced with varietal improvement but GV had the biggest number. Grain yield/hill also increased as variety improved, however, it was decreased as transplanting season postponed and GV had shown the most sensitive difference. Top dry matter weight at heading stage and at 20 days after heading (20 DAH) had no difference among the groups except GI which was the smallest. Average grain weight at 20 DAH was heavier in the order of GI > GII, GV > GIV > GIII. It had a little variation in GI & GII while that of other variety group showed significant decrease as transplanting delayed. Harvest index (HI) of GV was the highest at 54% for the earlier transplanting and GIII had the lowest HI. Difference of HI became conspicuous for the later transplanting, the varieties bred later had the lower HI when transplanting of rice delayed. At the earliest transplanting applied (May 15), the grain yield was higher in the order of GI > GIV > GIII > GII > GI, however, that of Tongil type variety (GV) was the lowest for the latest transplanting (June 29). Interrelationship among the agronomical characteristics and grain yield was discussed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2011

Objectives : To classify needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in Emergency Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold (EFWTG) and Supplement to the Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold (SFWTG). Methods : We found needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in EFWTG and SFWTG, then investigated the influences of needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints on A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Results : In EFWTG, the needling-prohibited points were LI13, ST17, BL56, TE8, CV8, CV15 and GV24. Acupoints needed careful needling were LU2, ST12, KI2, KI7, TE19, GB3 and jwagak. The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST8, ST9, ST17, ST32, ST33, BL6, BL30, TE18, TE23, GB33, GB42, CV5, CV15, GV6, GV15, GV16 and GV17. Acupoints needed careful moxibustion were ST7, ST30, TE21 and GB22. In SFWTG, the needling-prohibited points were LU2, LI13, ST12, ST17, ST32, BL56, KI2, KI7, TE8, TE19, GB3, CV8, CV15, GV24 and jwagak. The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST7, ST8, ST9, ST17, ST30, ST32, ST33, BL6, BL30, TE18, TE23, GB22, GB33, GB42, CV5, CV15, GV6, GV15, GV16, GV17 and ijung. Conclusions : There were 7 needling-prohibited points, 7 acupoints needed careful needling, 20 moxibustion-prohibited points, and 4 acupoints needed careful needling in EFWTG, and 15 needling-prohibited points and 24 moxibustion-prohibited points in SFWTG. The needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion had a strong influence on those in the two literatures.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.582-595
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• 2022

Objectives: To investigate the effects of acupuncture at GV20 and EX-HN1 on cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) and to compare the effects to acupuncture at GV20. Methods: The study was a randomized, crossover trial that included 10 healthy men aged 20 to 29 years who underwent acupuncture treatment four times with a washout period of one week. The CBF velocity and CVR were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) on both MCAs at the first and second visits, and both ACAs at the third and fourth visits. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups (A and B) before the first and third visits. Group A received two phases of acupuncture intervention at a single GV20 point and a combination of GV20 and EX-HN1 acupoints. Group B received the same interventions, but in the reverse order. Results: The increase in CO₂ reactivity was significantly higher for the combination acupoints of GV20 and EX-HN1 than for the GV20 single acupoint in both MCAs (Right: 136 to 178, p=0.017; Left: 127 to 191, p=0.017) and ACAs (Right: 133 to 158, p=0.013; Left: 122 to 168, p=0.025). No significant change was noted in the corrected velocity at PETCO₂ 40 mmHg, blood pressure, or heart rate. Conclusions: The findings suggest that improvement of the CBF in the MCA and ACA after GV20 acupuncture increases when acupuncture is also performed at EX-HN1. These results clinically support the combined use of EX-HN1 and GV20 to treat disorders of MCA and ACA circulation.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.100-108
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• 2023

Background and Purpose: The efficacy and safety of GV1001 have been demonstrated in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we aimed to further demonstrate the effectiveness of GV1001 using subscales of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), which is a validated measure to assess cognitive function in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of data from a 6 month, multicenter, phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with GV1001 (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03184467). Patients were randomized to receive either GV1001 or a placebo for 24 weeks. In the current study, nine subscales of SIB-social interaction, memory, orientation, language, attention, praxis, visuospatial ability, construction, and orientation to name-were compared between the treatment (GV1001 1.12 mg) and placebo groups at weeks 12 and 24. The safety endpoints for these patients were also determined based on adverse events. Results: In addition to the considerable beneficial effect of GV1001 on the SIB total score, GV1001 1.12 mg showed the most significant effect on language function at 24 weeks compared to placebo in both the full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS) (p=0.017 and p=0.011, respectively). The rate of adverse events did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Patients with moderate-to-severe AD receiving GV1001 had greater language benefits than those receiving placebo, as measured using the SIB language subscale.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.475-487
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• 2003

A gene that encodes a homologue to baculoviral p74, an envelope-associated viral structural protein, has been identified and sequenced on the genome of Choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (ChfuGV). A part of the ChfuGV p74 gene was located on an 8.9 kb BamHI subgenomic fragment using different sets of degenerated primers. These were designed using the results of the protein sequencing of a major 74 kDa structural protein that is associated with the occlusion-derived virus (ODV). The gene has a 1992 nucleotide (nt) open-reading frame (ORF) that encodes a protein with 663 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 74,812 Da. Comparative studies revealed the presence of two major conserved regions in the ChfuGV p74 protein. This study also shows that all of the p74 proteins contain two putative transmembrane domains at their C-terminal segments. At the nucleotide sequence level, two late promoter motifs (TAAG and GTAAG) were located upstream of the first ATG of the p74 gene. The gene contained a canonical poly(A) signal, AATAAA, at its 3' non-translated region. A phylogenetic tree for baculoviral p74 was constructed using a maximum parsimony analysis. The phylogenetic estimation demonstrated that ChfuGV p74 is related the closest to those of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) and Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (PhopGV).

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2018

The red algae Gracilaria vermiculophylla is widely spread around seaside areas across the globe, and has been used as a food resource in Southeast Asian countries. Previous studies have shown that Gracilaria red algae extracts have beneficial antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effects of Gracilaria vermiculophylla extracts (GV-Ex) on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). The acetone and DMSO/ethanol solvents of the tested GV contain higher total flavonoid and polyphenolic contents that can strongly scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-treatment with GV-Ex protected hBM-MSCs against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment. The protective effects of GV-Ex treatment were confirmed by MTT assay. The elevated levels of ROS in hBM-MSCs caused by hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress were significantly decreased by GV extract treatment. The levels of the antioxidant proteins superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and catalase (CAT) were also restored or protected by GV-Ex treatment, suggesting that GV extracts moderate excess ROS levels and prevent cells from oxidative damage.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 2004

Objectives : This study is designed to investigate the pathology, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy applicable of the dementia through literature of oriental medicine. Results : The findings of this study are as follows ; 1. The cause of dementia is internal damage of seven emotions(七情內傷), deficiency of the kidney essence(腎精不足), retention of dampness in the mental(痰迷心竅). 2. The acupuncture meridians used often for dementia are $Tok-maek(GV),\;Chok-t'aeyang\;Pang-gwang-Ky\check{o}ng(BL),\;Chok-yangm\check{o}yng\;Wi-Ky\check{o}ng(ST),\;Su-gwor\check{u}m\;Shimp'o-Ky\check{o}ng(PC),\;Su-so\check{u}m\;Shim-Ky\check{o}ng(HT)$. 3. The spots on the body suiTable for acupuncture used for therapy of the dementia are 98 points and extra points are 6 points, total therapeutic acupunture points are 104 points. And acupunture points are frequently used Shinmun(神門-HT7, 24), Paek'oe(百會-GV20, 19), Chok-samni(足三里-ST36, 18), Sugu(水溝-GV26, 17), P'ungnyung(豊隆-ST40, 16), Taech'u(大椎-GV14, 14), $Sam\check{u}mgyo(三陰交-SP6,\;14)$, Shimsu(心兪-BL15, 14), $Taen\check{u}ng(大陵-PC7,\;11)$, Nogung(勞宮-PC8, 11), Sosang(少商-LU11, 10), Kansa(間使-PC5, 10), Naegwan(內關-PC6, 10). 4. The acupoints used often on moxibustion are Paek'oe(百會-GV20), Chang-gang(長强-GV1), Taech'u(大椎-GV14), Kansa(間使-PC5). Conclusion : It is recommended that further study of many sided investigations in the future.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.89-99
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effect of simple acupuncture and electroacupuncture at Bai Hui($GV_{20}$) on heart rate variability in healthy adults with stress task. Methods : 40 healthy volunteers participated in this study. HRV was recorded before and after stress. And then simple acupuncture(SA group) was applied at $GV_{20}$ or electroacupuncture(EA group) was applied at the same spot in each treatment group for 20 minutes. No treatment was performed in control group for 20 minutes. Then HRV was recorded. Results : 1. In all groups, LF norm, LF/HF, HF norm showed significant changes after mental stress. 2. Control group showed no significant change. In SA group, HF norm LF, LF norm and LF/HF showed a significant change after treatment. In EA group, Mean HR, HF, LF norm, HF norm and LF/HF showed a significant change after treatment. In both treatment groups, there were significant differences after treatment compared to control group. 3. In EA group, HF and HF norm decreased significantly after treatment compared to SA group. Conclusions : These results suggest that simple acupuncture and electroacupuncture at $GV_{20}$ affect the balance of the autonomic nervous system and that electroacupuncture at $GV_{20}$ enhances parasympathetic activation more than simple acupuncture.