• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.648-663
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• 2017

아시아인종에서 GSTM1/GSTT1 유전자 다형성과 자가면역질환과 관련된 감수성을 검증하기 위해, 2015년 12월까지 EMBASE, Google, KISS, MEDLINE, PubMed에 발표된 18편의 논문들을 메타분석에 인용하였다. GSTM1/GSTT1 유전자의 null, present 유형을 개별적으로 분석하였다. 전체 인구에서 GST 다형성과 자가면역질환 사이에 연관성이 발견되었다(GSTM1, OR=1.334, 95% CI=1.137-1.567, p=0.000, GSTT1, OR=1.212, 95% CI=1.012-1.452, p=0.037). 아시아인종에서 자가면역질환, 특히 vitiligo와 아토피 피부염(p<0.05)에서 GSTM1 유전자와의 연관성이 있었고, RA와 SLE에서 GSTT1 유전자와의 연관성은 없었다(p>0.05). GSTM1 null 유형과 GSTT1 present 유형은 아시아인종에서 자가면역질환과 연관이 있었다(p<0.05). 자가면역질환과 GSTM1-GSTT1 다형성 조합 null 유형의 빈도는 대조군보다 높았다. 이와 같이, GSTM1-GSTT1 다형성 조합 null 유형이 아시아인종에서 자가면역질환의 위험 인자가 될 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2015

Background: Deletion types of genetic variants of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1, the GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null which are risk factors for certain cancers, have been ubiquitously found in human populations but their worldwide distribution pattern is unclear. Materials and Methods: To perform a meta-analysis, a systematic search for the literature on GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes was done to identify 63 reports for 81 human populations. Relationships between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies and the absolute latitude of 81 populations were tested by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: A significant positive correlation was detected between the GSTM1 null genotype frequency and the absolute latitude (r=0.28, p-value <0.05), whereas the GSTT1 null genotype frequency and absolute latitude showed a significant negative correlation (r= -0.41 p-value <0.01). There was no correlation between the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype in each population (r= -0.029, p-value=0.80). Conclusions: Latitudinal clines of the distribution of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes may be attributed to the result of gene-environmental adaptation. No functional compensation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 was suggested by the lack of correlation between the null frequencies for GSTM1 and GSTT1.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2319-2321
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• 2014

Our aim was to determine GSTT1 expression levels in left colon tumors and paired normal tissue in order to identify specific alterations in GSTT1 mRNA levels. Alterations in GSTT1 expression in twenty-four left-sided colon tumors and paired cancer free tissue were determined by qRT-PCR. Significant fold changes were determined with t-test. When compared with cancer free tissue, left colon cancers showed a significant decrease in GSTT1 expression. However, GSTT1 mRNA levels among different grades increased gradually in correlation with tumor grade. Our results suggest that downregulation of GSTT1 in left-sided colon cancers is an early event and is reversed with cancer progression, probably due to cellular defense mechanisms as a response to changes in the microenvironment.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.289-299
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• 2017

아시아인종에서 만성골수성백혈병 (Chronic myeloid leukemia; CML)과 Glutathione S-transferase(GST) 유전자 다형성과 관련된 감수성을 검증하기 위해, 2017년 7월까지 발표된 9편의 논문들을 메타분석에 인용하였다. GST 유전자 다형성의 아형 중 M1 (GSTM1)과 T1 (GSTT1)의 유전자의 null, present 유형을 개별적으로 분석하였다. CML환자와 GST 유전자 다형성 사이에 연관성이 발견되었다.(GSTM1; OR=1.306, 95% CI=1.091-1.563, p=0.004, GSTT1; OR=1.987, 95% CI=1.438-2.746, p=0.000). 또한, CML 환자와 GSTM1-GSTT1 유전자 다형성 조합 null 유형의 연관성이 있었다(OR=4.191, 95% CI=2.833-6.201, p=0.000). 이와 같이, 아시아인종에서 GSTM1 유전자 다형성, GSTT1 유전자 다형성, GSTM1-GSTT1 유전자 다형성 조합은 CML 환자의 위험인자가 될 수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2008

목 적 : GSTs는 glutathione과 친전자성 화합물의 결합을 촉매하여 생체내에 독성 물질로부터 조직을 보호하는 효소로, 여러 다형성이 확인 되었으며 일부 GSTs의 null 유전자형을 가진 사람은 GSTs 단백을 생성하지 못하여 다양한 질병의 감수성에 영향을 미친다고 보고 되었다. 이것은 빌리루빈과 같은 non-substrate ligand와 결합하여 세포내로 운반하는 역할을 하는 대표적인 ligandin이며 빌리루빈을 간세포 내 소포체로 이동시켜 UGT를 통해 glucuronidation 시키는 역할을 한다. 이 연구에서는 빌리루빈 대사의 ligandin인 GSTs 중 GSTM1, GSTT1과 신생아 황달과 연관성이 있는 지 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 혈청 빌리루빈 수치가 12 mg/dL 이상인 건강하고 위험인자가 없는 만삭아 중 신생아 고빌리루빈혈증 환아 88명, 대조군은 186명을 대상으로 혈액 0.5 cc를 채혈하여 DNA를 분류하였고 중합효소 연쇄 반응을 수행하여 DNA band를 확인하였다. 결 과 : 대조군의 GSTM1 null 유전형 58.1%, GSTT1의 null 유전형 53.2%였다. 환자군에서 GSTM1 null 유전형은 42% (P=0.0187), GSTT1 null 유전형은 31.8% (P=0.0014)로 통계학적 연관성이 있었다. GSTM1/GSTT1 null/null인 경우, 환자군에서 20명(22.7%)(P=0.0008), GSTM1/GSTT1 null/present인 경우 환자군에서 17명(19.3%) (P=0.0470), GSTM1/GSTT1 present/null인 경우 환자군에서 8명(9.1%) (P=0.0066)으로 나타났다 결 론 : GSTM1과 GSTT1 모두 환자군에서 null 유전형이 대조군에 비하여 더 적게 나타나 GSTs null 유전형이 신생아 고빌리루빈혈증의 위험인자는 아니었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2635-2638
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• 2012

Background: Many studies have investigated the association between glutathione S-transferase T 1 (GSTT1) null genotype and risk of prostate cancer, but the impact of GSTT1 null genotype in Asians is still unclear owing to inconsistencies across results. Thie present meta-analysis aimed to quantify the strength of the association between GSTT1 null genotype and risk of prostate cancer. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase and Wangfang databases for studies of associations between the GSTT1 null genotype and risk of prostate cancer in Asians and estimated summary odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: A total of 11 case-control studies with 3,118 subjects were included in this meta-analysis, which showed the GSTT1 null genotype to be significantly associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians (random-effects OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.15-1.92, P = 0.002), also after adjustment for heterogeneity (fixed-effects OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.23-1.70, P < 0.001). No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusions: This meta-analysis of available data suggested the GSTT1 null genotype does contribute to increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3535-3539
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• 2013

Head and neck cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Two genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 involved in phase II of carcinogen detoxification have been frequently studied in the literature. Their null genotypes are thought to be associated with increased head and neck cancer risk. However, the published reviews are not up to date and many important papers have been skipped. The current literature review was restricted to the null genotypes of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes with special emphasis on the genotypic status. We found that the size of study sample varied greatly and the oral cavity cancer was more influenced by GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions. With respect to ethnicity Asians are more prone to head and neck cancers with these null genotypes as compared to Europeans and Americans. The current review showed significant associations (OR=9.0, 95%CI; 1.4-9.5; OR=3.7, 95%CI; 1.4-9.5) of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with head and neck cancers. Review confirms the data of previous reviews that GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms may be risk factors for cancer initiation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.87-89
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• 2013

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a multigene family of multifunctional phase II metabolic enzymes. GSTT1, an important member of this group has a wide range of substrates including carcinogens. Total homozygous deletion or null genotype resulting in total lack of enzyme activity exists in populations for this enzyme. Since the null genotype may contribute to lower detoxification of carcinogens, this genotype is expected to increase cancer risk. The frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype is known to vary significantly among populations. However, little is known about its distribution in the hilly Kumaun region of northern India. Therefore, in this study, we determined the prevalence of the GSTT1 null polymorphism in the Kumaun popilation by conducting duplex PCR in 365 voluntary healthy individuals. The GSTT1 null genotype was detected in 18.4% of the individuals. Since GSTs play significant role in xenobiotic metabolism, the present data on GSTT1 genotype distribution should contribute in understanding genetic association with cancer risk in this understudied population.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.485-494
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• 2003

배경 : Glutathione S-transferase(GST)는 발암 전구물질의 해독에 관여하는 효소로, GSTM1과 GSTT1 소실형을 갖는 개체는 폐암의 감수성이 높은 것으로 생각된다. 여성 폐암은 위험 인자, 조직형 등의 역학적 특성이 남성과 차이가 많기 때문에 유전적 감수성 인자 또한 차이가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이에 저자들은 한국인에서 GSTM1과 GSTT1 유전자형과 폐암 발생 위험도의 상관 관계를 남성과 여성을 분리하여 조사하였다. 방법 : 1997년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 경북대학교 병원에서 폐암으로 확진된 253명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 대조군은 경북대학교 병원 건강 검진센터를 방문한 검진자들을 대상으로 하였다. GSTM1과 GSTT1의 유전자형은 말초 혈액에서 DNA를 추출한 후 다중중합효소 연쇄 반응(multiplex PCR)을 통하여 조사하였다. 결과 : 남성에서는 GSTM1과 GSTT1 유전자형에 따른 폐암 발생 위험도의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 여성에서는 GSTM1 유전자형과 폐암 발생 위험도는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, GSTT1 소실형의 빈도는 폐암군 70.3%, 대조군 55.3%로 폐암군에서 유의하게 높았다 [odds ratio(OR, 대응비)=2.18, 95% confidence interval(CI, 신뢰구간)=1.21-3.93). 흡연력과 연령에 따라 층화분석한 경우 GSTT1 소실형은 60세 이하(OR=4.82, 95% CI=1.61-14.4)와 비흡연자(OR=4.29, 95% CI=1.94-9.48]에서 여성 폐암 위험도와 유의한 관계가 있었다. 결론 : GSTT1 유전자형은 한국인 비흡연 여성에서 폐암의 위험도를 결정하는 유전적 인자로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4967-4971
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• 2012

Background/Aims: Glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1), a phase-II enzyme, plays an important role in detoxification of carcinogen electrophiles. Many studies have investigated the association between GSTT1 polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk in Asian populations, but its actual impact is not clear owing to apparent inconsistencies among those studies. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to explore the effect of GSTT1 polymorphism on the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang databases up to August 2012 was conducted and 15 eligible papers were finally selected, involving a total of 1,626 esophageal cancer cases and 2,216 controls. We used the pooled odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) to estimate the association of GSTT1 polymorphism with esophageal cancer risk. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to further identify the association. Results: Meta-analysis of total studies showed the null genotype of GSTT1 was significantly associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer in Asians (OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.05-1.52, $P_{OR}=0.015$, $I^2=42.7%$). Subgroup analyses by sample size and countries also identified a significant association. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrated a relationship of GSTT1 polymorphism to esophageal cancer risk in Asians. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis of available data showed a significant association between the null genotype of GSTT1 and an increased risk of esophageal cancer in Asians, particularly in China.