• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.291-292
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• 2006

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.42.2-42.2
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• 2013

The F-GAMMA (FERMI-GST AGN Multi-frequency Monitoring Alliance) project is a program for the monthly monitoring of the broad-band spectra of currently about 90 selected Fermi-GST AGNs. F-GAMMA utilizes several facilities in cm, mm, sub-mm, infrared and optical bands, achieving an unprecedented coverage for the study of the spectral evolution of powerful relativistic jets in AGNs. The KVN joined the F-GAMMA project in May 2011, aiming to monitor flux density at 22 and 43 GHz. We present the preliminary results of flux density variability, evolution of spectral index, and modulation index.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.285-286
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2009

To date, chalcogenide alloy such as $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$(GST) have not only been rigorously studied for use in Phase Change Random Access Memory(PRAM) applications, but also temperature gap to make different states is not enough to apply to device between amorphous and crystalline state. In this study, we have investigated a new system of phase change media based on the In-Sb-Te(IST) ternary alloys for PRAM. IST chalcogenide thin films were prepared in trench structure (aspect ratio 5:1 of length=500nm, width=100nm) using Tri methyl Indium $(In(CH_3)_4$), $Sb(iPr)_3$ $(Sb(C_3H_7)_3)$ and $Te(iPr)_2(Te(C_3H_7)_2)$ precursors. MOCVD process is very powerful system to deposit in ultra integrated device like 100nm scaled trench structure. And IST materials for PRAM can be grown at low deposition temperature below $200^{\circ}C$ in comparison with GST materials. Although Melting temperature of 1ST materials was $\sim 630^{\circ}C$ like GST, Crystalline temperature of them was ~$290^{\circ}C$; one of GST were $130^{\circ}C$. In-Sb-Te materials will be good candidate materials for PRAM applications. And MOCVD system is powerful for applying ultra scale integration cell.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2004

In order to understand the mechanism of the regulation of drug metabolizing enzyme gene expression, we have studied the induction of CYP1A1 and GSTα, μ, π enzymes in Japanese monkey and rhesus monkey after the treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and di-n- butyl phthalate (DBP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The levels of mRNA were measured_by RT-PCR in brain, intestine and liver. In the case of adult monkey, treatment with 3MC induced CYP1A1 mRNA in brain by 2-fold. The treatment with DBP induced CYP1A1 mRNA. Effects of 3MC and DBP on GST mRNA expression was not clear. But GSTμ was slightly inhibited by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GSTα was not induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in brain. GSTπ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in brain. In the case of fetus monkey, the basal levels of fetus CYP1A1 mRNA and GSTs mRNA were relatively low compared to adult monkey. As the age of monkey increased, the basal levels of CYP1A1 mRNA were also increased. 3MC induced the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA in liver, whereas it didn't significantly induce CYP1A1 mRNA in brain. The levels of GSTμ and GSTα were not changed by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GSTπ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2007

The study was designed to observe antioxidant activities of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by determining antioxidant enzyme protein levels [cytochrome P4502 El (CYP2E1), Copper, Zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (CSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST)] by Western blot analysis and the levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver of chronically ethanol-treated rats. Sixty Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into 3 groups (Control, EtOH, EtOH+CLA). All rats were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for 4 weeks by pair-feeding against the EtOH group. The liquid diet was supplemented with 1.77g CLA mixture per kg diet in the EtOH+CLA group. Isocaloric maltose dextrin was added in replace of 50g ethanol (36%kcal) for the Control group. Ethanol ingestion significantly increased the levels of CYP2E1 protein and TBARS, but significantly reduced CuZn-SOD protein level and increased GST protein level. There was no significant effect on the level of GSH-Px protein and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in the liver by ethanol. CLA supplementation with ethanol significantly increased the levels of CuZn-SOD, GSH-Px and GST and also significantly attenuated TBARS level, whereas there was no significant effect on the levels of CYP2E1 protein and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol by CLA. Overall, the CLA supplemented to ethanol could significantly increase the levels of CuZn-SOD, GSH-Px and GST proteins and reduce the level of TBARS in the liver of chronically ethanol-treated rats.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 1996

To study the effect of dietary $\omega 6/\omega 3$ fatty acid ratios on the preneoplastic lesions and lipid peroxidation in rat hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis, placental glutathione S-transferase(GST-P) positive foci area and numbers, glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 5 different diets-low $\omega 6/\omega 3$ ratio with fish oil (Low-F), low $\omega 6/\omega 3$ ratio with perilia oil(Low-P), moderate ratio with perilia oil(Moderate), blend of 10 different commercial fats and oils(High-BL) and high $\omega 6/\omega 3$ ratio(High)-for 8 weeks. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by modified Ito model. The area of GST-P positive loci was the lowest in Moderate group and in ascending order of Low-F < Low-P < High-BL < High. But statistically, only Moderate and High groups were significantly different. The number of GST-P positive foci showed the same trend as foci area. The activities of G6Pase, membrane stability marker, were increased as $\omega 6/\omega 3$ ratio decreased. Lipid peroxidation values (TBARS) were the lowest in Low-F group and it is significantly different from Moderate, High-BL and High groups. When dietary $\omega 6/\omega 3$ ratio was moderate(4.06), hepatocarcinogenesis was suppressed compared with high or low $\omega 6/\omega 3$ ratios. Blend fat, commonly consumed among Koreans, did not show any suppressive effect on carcinogenesis because of high ratio(6.7). These results suggest that dietary $\omega 6/\omega 3$ ratio influences hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis. It is recommended that appropriate $\omega 6/\omega 3$ ratio should be around 4.0. and we recommend to use more $\omega 3$ fatty acid in food preparation to reduce the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.191-191
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• 1994

본 연구는 D-galactosamine을 이용한 중기발암성 모델에서 세포성면역중의 하나인 natural killer (NK) 세포활성과 c-myc 종양단백의 발현을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 수컷 6주령의 SPF SD랫드 50마리를 3개군으로 각 군당 20마리씩 나누어 배치하였다. 실험 0일에 제 1,2 군에서 DEN을 복강내로 체중 kg당 200mg 1회 투여하여 발암유발을 하였으며 대조군인 제 3군에는 saline을 투여하였다. 제 2주에 제 1군에는 강력한 발암촉진물질인 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)을 사료에 0.01% 투여하였으며, 제 2군은 미약한 발암촉진물질인 phenobarbital (PB)을 0.05%로 음수에 6주간 투여하였다 제 8, 15, 36주에 경시적으로 부검하였다. 제 8주에 부검시 GST-P$^{+}$ 병변이 잘 유도되어 전암병변의 유도가 잘 되었음을 확인하였다. 제 15주에 부검시 AAF를 투여한 군에서 glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-p)에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색에서 AAF와 PB를 투여한 제 1군 및 제 2군의 간장에서는 주위조직과 한계가 명료한 GST-P$^{+}$ 증식성 결절과 병소를 관찰할 수 있었으나 기초 사료만을 투여한 제 3군은 어떠한 GST-P$^{+}$ 증식성 결절 및 병소를 관찰할 수 없었다. 랫드에서 natural killer세포는 사람이나 마우스에서 주로 자연살생능 (natural killing activity)을 보이는 LGL(lure granular lymphocyte)의 형태를 띄고 있었으며 LGL 이라고 부르는 것처럼 특징적으로 세포질 대 핵의 비율이 높고 azurophilic 과립을 세포질내에 함유하고 있으며 일반적으로 신장 형태의 핵을 가지고 있었다. 또한 세포의 크기는 small lymphocyte와 대식세포 (macrophage)의 중간 크기였다. 15주와 시험종료시 정상대조군인 제 3군의 랫드로 부터 분리한 NK 세포활성도 (% cytotoxicity)에 비하여 발암물질 투여군의 NK 활성도는 PB 투여군들의 NK활성도 보다 약간 낮았다. 랫드에서 c-myc 종양단백은 65KD 와 671KD 에서 band가 형성된 것이 관찰되었다. 시험 개시후 15주에 부검한 랫드의 간에서 c-myc 종양단백의 발현은 모든 처리군들이 대조군에 비하여 높게 발현되는. 것이 관찰되었으나 시험개시후 26주에 부검한 랫드의 간에서 c-myc 종양단백의 발현은 대조군에 비하여 차이가 거의 없었다. 따라서 랫드에서 화학적으로 유도한 간암발생 과정에서 NK 세포활성이 현저하게 억제되는 것으로 생각되며, c-myc 종양단백의 발현은 시험개시후 15주에 그 발현이 확실한 것으로 사료되어 진다.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1996

MAP kinases are a family of serine/threonine specific protein kinases becoming activated in response to different proliferative stimuli by phosphorylation at both threonine and tyrosine residue. Present study shows that MAP kinase was purified from P388 murine leukema cells by SP sephadex C-50, phenyl superose and Mono Q column chromatography and identified with anti-ERKl antibody by western blotting. Immnublotting analysis to the crude extract of P388 cell lysate shows 44 kD and other minor bands but partial purified fraction eluted from phenyl supherose column have 44kD and 66 kD isoform. Subcloned GST-fusion protein from N-terminal of $p56^{kk}$ was tested as a substrate for MAP kinase phosphorylation. It was showed that the wild type and mutant forms(S42A) were fully phosporylated by purified MAP kinase fraction as com-pare with the other mutant form(S59A). This finding suggest that those GST-fusion proteins may be used as substrate for the in vitro test of MAP kinase.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.289-299
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• 2017

To verify the association between susceptibility to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and GSTM1, GSTT1 gene polymorphisms in Asian populations, 9 papers published until July 2017 were cited in a meta-analysis. The null present types of the GSTM1, GSTT1 gene were analyzed individually. The significant association was found between CML and GST polymorphism (GSTM1; OR=1.306, 95% CI=1.091-1.563, p=0.004, GSTT1; OR=1.987, 95% CI=1.438-2.746, p=0.000). In addition, there was association between CML and the null type of the combination GSTM1-GSTT1 polymorphisms (OR=4.191, 95% CI=2.833-6.201, p=0.000). Thus, genetic polymorphisms of the GSTM1, GSTT1 and combination GSTM1-GSTT1 polymorphism in Asian populations may be risk factors for CML.