• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2008

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is great clinical important because viability of the organ depends on the tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury, an inevitable processing during surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of premedicated ascorbic acid alone in I/R injury model induced by cross-clamping of renal vessels. In the rabbit models, 2-4 kg New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to 30 minutes of warm unilateral renal ischemia followed by removal of contralateral kidney and then divided into five groups, control (2) arid treatment groups (3). In control group 1, the rabbits only received right nephrectomy. In control group 2, the rabbits received I/R on left kidney after the right nephrectomy. In treatment group 1, the rabbits received ascorbic acid 50 mg/kg IV before the operation. In treatment group 2, the rabbits received ascorbic acid 100 mg/kg IV before the operation. In treatment group 3, the rabbits received ascorbic acid 200 mg/kg IV before the operation. Blood samples were collected from these rabbits for measurement of kidney function tests at the 0, 1 st, 3rd and 7th day and antioxidant enzyme( SOD, GSHPx, CAT) at 24 hours. Kidney function tests (serum creatinine and BUN) showed a significant difference between group 2 and group 4, 5. Activity of antioxidant enzymes in plasma were significant decrease in group 4, 5 compare to group 2. The result of this study suggested that the exogenous ascorbic acid had a role of attenuation of renal I/R injury in rabbit model.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.729-736
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of glucuronic acid (isolated from xylan) on antioxidative defense system in rat after aerobic exercise. The glucuronic acid was isolated from xylan. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 150$\pm$10 g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three exercise training groups. Exercise training groups were classified to T (glucuronic acid free diet), TU (250 mg glucuronic acid/kg bw) and 2TU (500 mg glucuronic acid/kg bw) according to the level of glucuronic acid supplementation before exercise training. The experimental rats in exercise training groups (T, TU and 2TU) were exercised on glucuronic acid supplementation or rats in normal group (N) were confined in cage for 4 weeks. And rats were sacrificed with an overdose of pentobarbital injection just after running. Body weight, food intakes and food efficiency ratio (FER) were lower in the exercise training group than in the normal group. White gastrocnemius xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in the T group was 85% greater than that of the normal group, whereas in the TU and 2TU groups it did not differ from the normal group. White gastrocnemius superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in T group, that was decreased by 22% compared with that of N group, but those of TU and 2TU groups were increased by 38% and 42%, respectively, compared with that of T group. White gastrocnemius glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity in T group, that was decreased by 42% compared with that of N group, but those of TU and 2TU groups were increased by 67% and 68%, respectively, compared with that of T group. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity of white gastrocnemius in N group was not significantly different from that in the T and TU groups, but 2TU group were increased by 12%. Contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in T group was increased by 54%, compared with that of normal group but those of TU group and 2TU group were lower 44% and 36% than that of T group. In conclusion, the effects of glucuronic acids in exercise training rats would appear to reduce peroxidation of tissue as an antioxidative defense mechanism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.872-880
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Puerariae radix-ethanol extracts rich in isoflavone on the antio-xidative system of rats. For this purpose, first, Puerariae radix was extracted with ethanol, and its total isoflavone and puerarin contents were analysed. Second, female Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 6 weeks with four diets which were based on AIN96G diet and supplemented with Puerariae radix-ethanol extracts to contain isoflavone. The isoflavone contents of four experimental diets were 0 mg, 500 mg, 1,000 mg, 2,000 mg per kg diet, respectively (control, P0.05%,P0.1%, P0.2%). Liver and erythrocyte activities of antioxidative enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase,glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) were measured. Also, plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, liver glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations were measured. The total isoflavone content of Puerariae radix-ethanol extract was 3067.6 mg per 100 g extract and the content of puerarin was 2557.4 mg per 100 g extract. The erythrocyte activities of GSH-Px and catalase were higher in group P0.1% and P0.2%. But SOD activity of erythocyte did not show any difference by the Puerariae radix-ethanol extract supplementation in diet. The activity of SOD in liver increased significantly by the supplementation of extract, showing highest level in P0.1% group. The liver GSH concentration increased significantly in group of P0.05%, P0.1%, and P0.2% compared with control group (p <0.05). The GSSG concentration in liver showed no difference by the supplementation of Puerariae radix extract from the control group, except P0.2% group. The plasma MDA concentration did not show any significant differences by the extract supplementation. But the liver MDA concentration decreased by the extract supplementation, showing the lowest level in P0.1 % diet group. These results suggest that the supplementation of Puerariae radix-ethanol extract can inhibit lipid peroxidation in liver and enhance the antioxidative defense competence of rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.793-800
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative effects of Paeonia lactiflora (PL) seeds on antioxidative defense system and lipid peroxidation of liver in rats fed high-cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$10g were randomly assigned into five experimental groups fed 0.5% cholesterol ; HC group which was not supplemented PL seeds extract, 0.1% methanol extract diet group (MP1 group), 0.2% methanol extract diet group (MP2 group), 0.05% ether-souble fraction diet group (EP1 group) and 0.1 % ether-souble fraction diet group (EP2 group). Experimental diets were fed ad libitum to the rats for 3 weeks. The activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) was not significantly different among all the high cholesterol diet groups. The hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity in MP2 group was increased to 27% compared to HC group. The activity of hepatic catalase (CAT) was not significantly different among the all high cholesterol diet groups. The hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the EP1 and EP2 groups were increased to 12% and 13%, respectively, as compared to HC group. The levels of hepatic TBARS in the MP1, MP2, EP1 and EP2 groups were reduced by 18%, 21%, 20% and 23%, respectively, as compared with HC group. The contents of lipofuscin in liver was not significantly different among all the experimental groups. The results indicated that PL seeds extract may be reduced oxidative damage by activating antioxidative defense system of hepatic in rats fed high-cholesterol diets. (Korean J Nutrition 36(8): 793∼800, 2003)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1440-1446
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• 2011

The study investigated the effects of dietary Vitamin E (VE) on nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, immune function and analyzed the correlation between NO free radical and cytokines (IL-2 and IL-6) in broilers. One hundred and fifty 2-week-old broilers were randomly divided into three groups. Control group and lower VE ($VE^-$) group were provided with a basic diet supplemented with 12.55 mg/kg VE and 2.55 mg/kg VE for 30 days, respectively. Higher VE ($VE^{-}-VE^+$) group was supplemented with 2.55 mg/kg VE in the first 15 days and then 32.55 mg/kg VE in the next 15 days. Five broilers in each group were then sacrificed on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th days, respectively, and the content of NO free radical, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and cytokines, IL-2 and IL-6, were measured. The results showed that lower VE could decrease growth performance of broilers while higher VE could increase growth performance and eliminate differences resulted from feeding lower VE dietary in early stages (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, lower VE could increase significantly NO and MDA concentration, and increase IL-2 concentration in serum (p<0.05). Higher VE could significantly increase activities of SOD and glutathione GSH-Px (p<0.05). IL-2 is positively correlated with NO in heart (p<0.05) and IL-6 is negatively correlated with NO in liver (p<0.05) and heart (p<0.01). These results indicate that dietary VE could regulate antioxidant capacity and NO metabolism of broilers and higher VE-supplemented diet could directly decrease production of IL-2.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.734-740
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea catechins on the antioxidative defense enzyme activity of kidney in diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups; catechin free diet(DM-0C group), 0.25% catechin diet(DM-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(DM-0.5C group). Diabetes was induced by intravenous of 55mg/Kg body weight of STZ in sodium citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of experimental diets. Rats were sacrified at the 6th day of diabetic states. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in kidney was decreased by 25% and 20% in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups compared with normal group, DM-0.5C group was not significantly different when compared with normal group. Glutathione peroxidase(GSHpx) activity in kidney was were no significant differences the diabetic groups compared to normal group. Xanthin oxidase(XOD) activity was increased by 110% and 63% in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups compared with normal group, DM-0.5C group was not significantly different when compared with normal group. The contents of superoxide radical(O$_2$)in kindney were 116% and 33%, respectively, higher in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups than normal group. DM-0.5C group and normal groups were similar levels in their superoxide radical contents of kidneys. Levels of TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) in kidney were increased by 62% in DM-0C group, when compared with normal group, but those of DM-0.5C group were similar to that of normal groups. These results indicate that free radical generation system was weakened and free radical scavenger system was enhance in kidney of STZ-induced diabetics rats by dietary catechin. Thereby it may reduce renal disorders such as oxidative damage and aging of tissue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on antioxidative defense system of liver in acute cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one control and three cadmium injected groups. Cadmium injected groups were fed vitamin E free diet(OE-Cd group), 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(40E-Cd group) or 400 mg vitamin E per kg diet(400E-Cd group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40mg per kg diet. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0mg Cd$^2$$\^$+//kg bw for 4 days after the rats were fed diets with three different levels of vitamin E for 2 and 4weeks. Activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) were decreased in cadmium injected groups but those were significantly improved by dietary vitamin I supplementations. Vitamin E contents reduced glutathione(GSH) in the live were decreased in cadmium injected groups, but we., not significantly different among three groups with different levels of vitamin E supplementations. Contents of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of 0E-Cd group were higher than those of 400E-Cd and 400E-Cd groups, but those were markedly alleviated according to vitamin E supplementations. These results indicate that cadmium poisoning in rats causes decreasing antioxidative defense system and increasing peroxidative damage in liver, however can be restored by vitamin E supplements. (Korean J Nutrition 33 (1) : 33-41, 2000)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.990-996
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Forsythia viridissima Lindl. (FVL) on antioxidative defense system and lipid peroxidation of liver in rats fed high-cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 g were randomly assigned into five experimental groups fed 0.5％ cholesterol ; HC group which was not supplemented FVL extract, 0.05％ methanol extract diet group (MSI group), 0.1％ methanol extract diet group (MS2 group), 0.025％ ethylacetate-souble fraction diet group (ES1 group) and 0.05％ ethylacetate-souble fraction diet group (ES2 group). Experimental diets were fed ad libitum to the rats for 3 weeks. The hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in the MS2 group was decreased to 20％ as compared to HC group. The activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were not significantly different among all the high cholesterol diet groups. The hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity in MS2, ES2 groups were significantly increased as compared to HC group. The hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the MS2 group was increased to 20％ as compared to HC group. The levels of hepatic TBARS in the MS1, MS2, ES1 and ES2 groups were reduced by 13％, 21％, 13％ and 21％, respectively, as compared with HC group. The contents of lipofuscin in liver tissue was not significantly different among all the experimental groups. The results indicate that FVL extract may reduce oxidative damage by activating antioxidative defense system of liver in rats fed high-cholesterol diets.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 6-week vegetable juice supplementation (360 ml/day) on serum lipid profiles and antioxidant activity in college women. Twenty women (mean age: 21) with normal life style and dietary pattern and who are free of any specific diseases were recruited among the student in S women's university. The subjects consumed vegetable juice to take part in an uncontrolled clinical trial for a 6-week intervention period. While there was no difference in the concentration of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, serum concentrations of TG and HDL/LDL ratio were significantly reduced by $22\%$ (p = 0.013) and $6\%$ (p =0.007) respectively. Significant decrease in manlondialdehyde (p = 0.000) was accompanied by an increase in the activity of serum antioxidant enzymes, such as GSHPx (p = 0.000), SOD (p=0.007). It was also found that total antioxidant status was improved by $5.4\%$ (p=0.009). Serum parameters were all changed without affecting body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, or nutrient intakes after six week of supplementation. This study demonstrated that the supplementation regular meals with vegetable juice can favorably affect serum lipid profiles and antioxidant systems, and hence could contribute to reduce the risks of chronic diseases in college women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2006

Effects of garlic powder supplementation on blood lipid profile and antioxidant system were investigated in rats with and without swimming exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats of four experimental groups were fed for 4 weeks diets containing $15\%$ beef tallow and $1\%$ cholesterol; control without garlic and exercise, Go with $2\%$ garlic alone, Ex with exercise alone, GoEx with $2\%$ garlic and exercise. Rats were trained 40 min a days a days a week. Group Ex and GoEx showed significant lowering in body weight gain and fat accumulation. In Go, Ex and GoEx, plasm TG and LDL-C were lower and HDL-C was higher, although not significantly, compared to levels in control. Total cholesterol was significantly reduced in group Go, and Ex and GoEx were lower than control. The total/HDL cholesterol ratio was also found to be significantly different, decreasing the ratios in Go, Ex and GoEx. The hepatic TBARS increased significantly in group Ex $(51.7{\pm}3.43nM/g\;liver)$, while TBARS in Go and GoEx were low $(35.68{\pm}3.61,\;39.30{\pm}5.55nM/g\;liver)$ and similar to control's one. The activity of hepatic SOD in Go and GoEx tended higher than control and Ex without garlic. The hepatic catalase showed significantly the highest activity in Go. Activity of GSH-px was significantly low in Ex with $0.14{\pm}0.03$ unit/mg protein, and control, Go and GoEx had higher activities of $0.23{\pm}0.08,\;0.20{\pm}0.07,\;0.22{\pm}0.01\;unit/mg$ protein, respectively. Lower activities of antioxidant enzymes in Ex are likely to associated with the highest level of TBARS. It seems that a decrease in TBARS in GoEx relative to Ex was related to the increase in GSHpx and SOD with garlic supplemented, which led to compensate the oxidative stress from exercise. The results suggests that exercise or garlic supplement exerts blood lipid attenuating effect. In adition, garlic supplementation could strengthen the antioxidant potential against exercise-induced oxidants, partly by modulating oxidant enzyme activity. These effects of garlic may make it a beneficial agent on CVD.