• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2003

Objectives : Wolguk-whan has been used as a prescription of natural drug for the treatment of stress digestive system disease. Recently, we reported that Wolguk-whan methnol extract (WGWM) exerted a significant protective effect against oxidative damage to the liver of ICR mice. This study was purposed to investigate the effects of Wolguk-whan water extract (WGWW) on liver injury induced by oxidative stress. Methods : In order to investigate the effects of WGWW on acute liver injury, ICR mice were pretreated with WGWW for 6days, starved for 24hrs, and administerated acetamirtophen(500mg/kg, i.p.). In the liver homogenates, lipid peroxide and glutathione(GSH) levels were measured. In addition, activities of hepatic enzyme, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase(GST) were measured in the hepatic mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. Results : In vivo administeration of WGWW showed effective inhibition of acetaminophen induced lipid peroxidation, and showed elevations of GSH level, catalase, GSH-Px, GST activities. Conclusions : These results suggested that WGWW might suppress the formation of oxidative metabolites, and prevent acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2003

Objectives : Circii Herba has been used as a natural drug for the treatment of stress digestive system disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Circii Herba aqua-acupuncture solution (CHAS) in experimental oxidative liver injury. Methods : In order to investigate the effects of CHAS on acute liver injury, male ICR mice were pretreated with CHAS(0.2 ml/mouse/day) at the loci of BL18 and CV12 for 6days, starved for 24hrs, and administerated acetaminophen(500 mg/kg, i.p.). After acetaminophen administeration, mice were sacrificed, and the liver was removed, rinsed with ice-cold $1.15{\%}$ KCI buffer, and homogenized at $4^{\circ}C$. Fractions(fraction Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) were isolated by differential centrifugation. Lipidperoxide, total SH, and glutathione(GSH) levels were measured in the Fraction Ⅰ. In addition, activities of hepatic enzyme, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) were measured in the Fraction Ⅱ, and glutathione S-transferase(GST) was measured in the Fraction Ⅲ. Results : In vivo treatment of CHAS(BL18 and CV12) showed effective inhibition of acetaminophen induced lipid peroxidation, and showed elevations of total SH, GSH level, catalase, GSH-Px, GST activities. Conclusions : These results suggested that CHAS might suppress the formation of oxidative metabolites, and prevent acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.708-719
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• 2007

Glutathione S-transferase genotypes GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 were characterized in 104 healthy male and female subjects and compared with parameters of oxidative stress at the level of DNA and lipids, with antioxidant enzymes, and with plasma antioxidants in smokers and non.smokers. Of the 104 subjects studied, 57.4% were GSTT1 present and 47.6% were GSTM1 present. The GSTP1 polymorphisms a and b were represented as follows: a/a, 75.5%; a/b, 21.6%; b/b type, 2.9%. The GSTT1 null genotype was associated with decreased glutathione in erythrocytes and elevated lymphocytes DNA damage. GST-Px was higher in GSTT1 null compared with GSTT1 present type. The homozygous GSTP1 genotype was not associated with any antioxidant status or DNA damage. The difference in plasma ${\alpha}$-carotene and erythrocytes GSH-Px and GST activities between smokers and non-smokers was detected in the GSTT1 null genotype. Plasma ${\gamma}$-tocopherol and ${\beta}$-carotene decreased significantly in smokers having GSTM1 null genotype. When GSTT1 and GSTM1 were combined, plasma lycopene and erythrocyte GST were reduced in smokers in both null types of these genes. As for GSTP1 genotype, plasma ${\alpha}$-carotene and erythrocytes GSH-Px decreased significantly in smokers with GSTP1 b/b, while erythrocytes GSH-Px activities decreased in smokers with GSTP1 a/b. The different ${\beta}$-carotene level between smokers and non-smokers was seen with both GSTP1 a/a and a/b genotype. It seems that polymorphisms in the phase II metabolizing enzyme glutathione S-transferase may be important determinants of commonly measured biomarkers.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.600-607
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• 2015

In vitro and in vivo experiments using Achyranthis radix and Drynariae rhizoma extracts were conducted. Antioxidant properties were analyzed and the effects on bone, glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated. Drynariae rhizoma (64.67%) obtained higher DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to Achyranthis radix (19.03%). Similar results were obtained in the reducing power. No differences were observed on the ABTS radical scavenging ability and SOD. In contrast, Achyranthis radix (77.60%) has higher chelating ability compared to Drynariae rhizoma (46.21%). In vivo experiments revealed higher plasma TBARS in OVX-DR than in OVX-AR. Opposite result was seen in erythrocyte TBARS. Hepatic, nephritic and erythrocyte enzymes were considered for the antioxidant enzyme activities. GSH-Px and PON of hepatic enzymes were higher in OVX-AR. While the CAT and GR were higher in OVX-DR. SOD, GSH-Px, GR and PON of nephritic enzymes of OVX-DR were higher compared to OVX-AR. Almost similar values were obtained in CAT using both extracts. The OVX treated rats obtained higher CAT and GR in the erythrocyte enzymes compared to SHAM. The SOD of erythrocyte enzymes in OVX-DR was higher compared to OVX-AR. On the other hand, the GSH-Px was higher in OVX-AR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 2002

Effects of dietary fatty acids and vitamin E on antioxidant system were studied in rat liver and serum. Sources of dietary fat (10 wt%) were safflower oil (SO) poor in $\omega$3 fatty acid and mixed oil (MO) with computer-adjusted fatty acid ratios (AA/DHA=1.4, $\omega$6/$\omega$3=6.3, P/M/S=1.0/l.5/1) with (ME) and without (MO) vitamin E (500 mg/kg diet). Rats were fed the three kinds of diet from 3~4 wks prior to the conception. At the age of 3 and 9 wks of the second generation rat, antioxidant vitamins and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in the liver and serum. The concentrations of $\beta$-carotene were lower in ME than in MO and SO in the liver at the age of 3 wks. It seemed that vitamin E has an inhibitory action on the uptake of $\beta$-carotene or acts as a preferred antioxidant to $\beta$-carotene. The concentrations of lycopene were lower in SO than in MO in the liver at the age of 3 wks. The concentrations of cryptoxanthin showed no significant changes within groups. The activities of GSH-Px tended to increase in ME compared to MO and the ratios of SOD/GSH-Px tended to decrease in ME compared to MO in the liver at the age of 3 weeks. The activities of antioxidant enzyme at the age of 3 weeks and 9 weeks were similar. This suggested that the activity level of antioxidant enzymes reached to the adult level at the age of 3 weeks which is the end point of lactation period.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1988

Effects of acanthopanax cortex extracts on glutathion S-transferase (GST), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities related to 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene(DMBA) metabolism and on DMBA-induced mutagenicity were investigated in this study. From the comparative study of three extracts, it was found that butanol extract was more potent than other extracts in increment of GST, GSH-px and SOD activities and in inhibitory effects of lipoperoxide formation of liver. Also ether and butanol extracts inhibited DMBA-induced mutagenicity, showing 33% to 36% of inhibition at maximum, when ether and butanol extracts were administered to rats intraperitoneally.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.457-461
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• 2008

Effects of Gal geun (Puerariae Radix) EtOH ext. on lipid lowering and antioxidant were investigated in hyperlipidemic rat. Concentration of FFA and triglyceride in plasma showed a tendency to decrease in Gal geun ext. groups. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in Gal geun ext. groups. However the concentration of HDL-cholesterol showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. Concentration of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride showed a tendence to decrease in Gal geun ext. groups. Concentration of plasma and liver TBARS showed a low values in Gal geun ext. groups. The values of GSH-Px and SOD activity showed no significantly different among all the treatment groups. However the values of SOD and CAT activity showed a high value in the Gal geun ext. groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.494-500
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of acorn extracts on the antioxidative enzyme system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats(110$\pm$10g) were fed on containing normal and high fat diets. They were orally administrated (0.02g/100g B.W) of acorn ethylacetate-extract and water-extract at the same time once a day, respectively. Net weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were increased in high fat diet groups and decreased by acorn extracts administration. The effect of acorn extracts on hepatic glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and catalase activities did not show significancy in normal fat diet groups. GST and catalase activities and lipid peroxidation content(LPO) were significantly increased in high fat diet groups and this increment were decreased by acorn extracts administration. However GSH-Px activity and GSH content were decreased in high fat diet groups but increased by acorn extracts administration. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and aminotransferase in serum were significantly increased in high fat diet group but these increment reduced in acorn extracts administration groups. These results indicate that acorn extracts could improve the liver function and prevent the metabolic diseases by hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2002

Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide and are characterized by increased opacity of the lens that significantly diminishes visual acuity. It has been suggested that increased risk of lens opacities are associated with age, exposure to sunlight, diabetes, smoking, and poor nutrition. Antioxidant nutrients have born demonstrated to protect the lens membrane and protein against damage due to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant system in the blood of cataract patients. The status of the blood antioxidant system was evaluated based on the levels of antioxidant vitamins and minerals as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (M7A) activity in 34 patients with cataracts (17 male and 17 female) and 45 control subjects (20 male and 25 female). After adjusting for age, the results showed significantly lower levels of antioxidant vitamins such as lycopene (M : p < 0.05, F: p < 0.01), zeaxanthin (F: p < 0.01), ${\gamma}$-tocopherol (F: p < 0.01) and ascorbic arid (M: p < 0.05) in the cataract patients than in the control subjects. In contrast, the concentration of cryptoxanthin (F : p < 0.07) showed a significantly higher value in the cataract patients. The serum level of the antioxidant mineral Zn (M : p < 0.01) was found to be significantly lower in the cataract patients while the ratio of cu/zn appeared significantly higher (M : p < 0.05). Significantly higher (M : p < 0.01, F: p < 0.05) concentrations of MDA in serum was found in the cataract patients as compared to the control subjects. GSH-Px activity was significantly lower (F: p < 0.05) in 71e cataract patients. In conclusion, the antioxidant system may play an important roll in cataract creation. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these findings and to establish preventive measures with an emphasis on antioxidant nutrition for cataract patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1577-1582
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• 2013

The effects of dietary supplementation of selenium (Se), iodine (I), and a combination of both on the blood haematology, serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) hormones and glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px) activity were examined on twenty four (7 to 8 months old, $22{\pm}1.17$ kg live weight) Kacang crossbred male goats. Animals were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (6 animals in each group). Throughout 100 d of feeding trial, the animals of control group (CON) received a basal diet, while the other three groups were offered basal diet supplemented with 0.6 mg/kg diet DM Se (SS), or 0.6 mg/kg diet DM I (PI), or a combination of both Se and I, each at 0.6 mg/kg diet DM (SSPI). The haematological attributes which are haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), band neutrophils (B Neut), segmented neutrophils (S Neut), lymphocytes (Lymph), monocytes (Mono), eosinophils (Eosin) and basophils (Baso) were similar among the four treatment groups, while serum levels of Se and I increased significantly (p<0.05) in the supplemented groups. The combined dietary supplementation of Se and I (SSPI) significantly increased serum FT3 in the supplemented animals. Serum GSH-Px activity increased significantly in the animals of SS and SSPI groups. It is concluded that the dietary supplementation of inorganic Se and I at a level of 0.6 mg/kg DM increased serum Se and I concentration, FT3 hormone and GSH-Px activity of Kacang crossbred male goats.