• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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• pp.10-10
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• 2001

Selenium is an essential nutritional element for several animal species and human. It has been also seen, that low levels of selenium in the diet can cause many diseases. This metalloid was defined like a "double face" element because it possesses antioxidant, antimutagen, anticarcinogen but also mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. The most important metabolic role of selenium in the animal species is its presence in the Glutathione Peroxidase(GSH-Px). (omitted)

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.74-74
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• 2022

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2023년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.36-36
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• 2023

• 환경생물
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2000

생쥐에서 카드뮴 전 처리에 의하여 카드뮴의 치사독성이 완화되는지를 조사하고 치사완화 효과와 간 조직내의 glutathione(GSH)함량이 상관성이 있는지를 조사하였다. 치사량의 카드뮴을 주사하기 전에 치사량 이하의 카드뮴을 주사하면 치사량의 카드뮴에 의한 치사작용이 완화되는 효과가 나타났으며 카드뮴의 전 처리의 경과시간은 48시간의 경우에, 전 처리량은 체중 kg당 40$\mu$moles을 주사한 경우에 효과가 가장 좋았다. 카드뮴을 전 처리한 생쥐는 카드뮴에 의해 치사되는 경우에도 그 생존기간이 최대 72시간까지 연장되었다. 치사량의 카드뮴을 주사한 경우에 카드뮴 전 처리에 의하여 생존한 개체들은 간조직내의 glutathione함량은 대조군에 비하여 별다른 차이가 없었으나 치사한 개체들은 glutathione 함량이 감소하였고 또한 전처리를 하지 않은 실험군은 치사량의 카드뮴에 의하여 glutathione 함량이 감소하였다. 이러한 실험결과는 치사량 이하의 카드뮴을 생쥐에 전 처리하면 치사작용을 완화하는 인자들이 유도되어 후속 주사하는 치사량의 카드뮴에 의한 치사작용을 완화하고, 간 조직내의 glutathione이 카드뮴 치사작용에 대한 방어인자가 될 수 있음을 암시한다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2009

We describe here the cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the glutathione S-transferase (GST) from the bumblebee Bombus ignitus. The Delta-class B. ignitus GST (BiGSTD) gene spans 1668 bp and consists of four introns and five exons that encode 216 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of approximately 24561 Da and a pI of 8.03. The N-terminal domain of BiGSTD has a conserved Ser residue, as well as conserved Lys, Pro, Glu, Ser and Tyr residues that are involved in the GSH-binding site of GST. The BiGSTD showed 60% protein sequence identity to the Bombyx mori GSTT1, 58% to Musca domestica GST, 57% to Drosophila melanogaster GST, and 55% to Anopheles gambiae GST1. BiGSTD was close to the insect-specific Delta class of GSTs in a phylogenetic tree. Northern blot analysis showed that BiGSTD is highly expressed in the fat body and midgut, and less so in the muscles of B. ignitus worker bees.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.894-898
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• 1994

To evaluate an effect of dietary protein on the liver damage, the bromobenzene was intraperitoneally injected to the rats fed a low or high protein diet and then the liver weight per body weight and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined to demonstrate the differences in liver damage between the groups fed low or high protein diet. Hepatic aniline hydroxylase (AH), glutthione (GSH) content and glutathione s-transferase(GST) activity were also determined to clarify causes of liver damage between the two groups. Increases of liver weight per body weight and serum ALT activities were higher in brombenzene treated rats fed low protein diet than those fed high protein diet. The increasing rate of hepatic AH activity was higher in bromobenzne-treated rats fed low protein diet than that in those fed high protein diet. Furthermore , hepatic glutathione contents and GST activities in bromobenzene-treated rats were higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. In case of control group, the heaptic glutathione content and GST activity were also higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2008

The methanolic extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS-T) and its fractions (RVS-H, RVS-C, RVS-E and RVS-B) showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. RVS-B, which showed the most potent neuroprotective activity, was further fractionated to yield RVS-B5. Treatment of cortical cells with the RVS-T, RVS-B and RVS-B5 reduced the cellular ROS level and restored the reduced activities of glutathione reductase and SOD induced by glutamate. Although, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was not virtually changed by glutamate, RVS-B5 increased the glutathione peroxidase activity. In addition, these three tested fractions significantly restored the content of GSH which was decreased by glutamate insult in our cultures. Taken together, it could be postulated that RVS extract, in particular its fraction RVS-B5, protected neuronal cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through acting on the antioxidative defense system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.286-298
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on the liver damage, metallothionein synthesis and hepatic antioxidative detoxification system in cadmium(Cd) administered rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats(60\\5g) were divided into two diet groups, depending on with (CdS groups) or without (Cd groups) 0.5ppm Se supplementation and fed experimental diets ad libidum for 4 weeks. And then each group was again subdivided into five groups, depending on injection number of Cd, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 times of 2.5mg Cd/kg of body wt once a day. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activite were decreased progressively with increasing number of Cd injection, but increased by the supplementation of Se. The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) contents in blood and liver and vitamin E content were decreased and oxidized form (GSSG) increased in Cd groups, but these of Se supplemented groups were not very different from controls. Cd reduced liver vitamin E content which was not restored by Se supplementation. Liver lipid peroxide values were elevated with increasing doses of Cd, but Se supplementation reduced these elevated levels. Accumulation of metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with increasing number of Cd injection, but Se did not affect on them. Histological examination revealed that lysosomes were significantly increased and mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were enlarged by Cd, however, these changes were reduced by Se. It was concluded that Se administration promoted antioxidative detoxification and alleviated peroxidative damage in rat liver by Cd.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2007

Metformin is a drug used to lower blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes via activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether metformin at the pharmacologically effective concentrations affects the expressions of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase and phase II antioxidant genes in the H4IIE cell. Treatment of the cells with either metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) abrogated tert-butylhydroxyquinone (t-BHQ) induction of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis. The ability of t-BHQ to induce glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a major class of phase II detoxifying enzymes that playa critical role in protecting cells from oxidative stress or electrophiles, was also inhibited by the agents. Transcriptional gene repression by metformin was verified by the GSTA2 promoter luciferase assay. Moreover, either metformin or AICAR treatment significantly decreased t-BHQ-dependent induction of other GSTs (i.e., $GST{\mu}$ and $GST{\pi}$ forms). Taken together, our data indicate that metformin treatment may result in the repression of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione S-transferase genes possibly via AMPK activation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1007-1017
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effect of Korean green tea, oolong tea and black tea beverage on the antioxidative detoxification in cadmium(Cd) poisoned rat liver, male Sprague-Dawley rat weighing 143$\pm$3.2g were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were fed standard diet containing 40ppm Cd and were given distilled water(CD), 5% black tea(BT), oolong tea(OT) and green tea(GT), respectively. Tea beverages were extracted from 5G dry leaves of teas in 100ml hot distilled water by the treatment at 85$^{\circ}C$ for 3 min. Liver xanthine oxidase(XOD) activity was increased by the administration of Cd except GT group. Liver superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px), glutathione S-transferase(GST) activities were decreased by te administration of Cd but did not decreased by the administration of green tea(in GT group). Vitamin E and reduced glutathione contents were significantly decreased in Cd administered groups. Liver lipid peroxide value in Cd administered groups were increased compared to control group, but was not increased in GT group. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activities in CD, OT, BT groups were higher than control, but that in GT group was similar to control group. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activity was not significantly different among various groups. It was concluded that green tea might alleviate peroxidative damage in Cd-administered rat liver by reinforcing antioxidative detoxification system.